Corporate System Center Hard Drive Bible PDF
Preview Corporate System Center Hard Drive Bible
CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER BIBLE EDITION VIII Eighth Edition DEDICATION July, 1996 To my father, Joseph Bodo, who sparked my interest in electronics at an early age. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Martin Bodo is the founder and president of Corporate Systems Center. An avid computer enthusiast since his early teens, he holds a degree in Physics from the University of Santa Clara. Martin Bodo Author SPECIAL THANKS To The entire CSC staff who have helped write, edit, sell, and distribute the Hard Drive Bible to over 40,000 satisfied customers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all of the manufacturers who provided us with Harold Moorehead data for this publication. Without their cooperation, production of this Editor, Photographer book would not have been possible. MaxtorTechnical Support Department Maxtor Service Center Quantum Technical Support Department Western Digital Technical Support Department Jim Plelps -Rodime Inc. Bill Rudock -Seagate Technology jody Coil Mike Mori -Sycard Technologies Production Manager 90000 janne Masingale 9 780964 150317 Typographer International Standard Book Number: 0-9641503-1-X Copyright © 1989-1996 by Corporate Systems Center. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Corporate Systems Center. Software programs distributed on CD-ROM with this book are copyrighted by the various authors. All trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS The History of Disk Drives..............................................................1 Basic Drive Operation .............................................................................9 Spindle Motors .........................................................................................9 Head Carriage......................................................................................... 10 Media and Heads.................................................................................... 11 Stepper Motor Servo Systems ................................................................12 Voice Coil Servo Systems ....................................................................... 12 Keeping it Clean.................................................................................... 14 Data Encoding and Decoding................................................................15 Encoding and Decoding Codes.............................................................. 16 NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)............................................................... 16 PE (Phase Encoding) ......................................................................... 16 FM (Frequency Modulation)............................................................. 16 MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation)........................................... 16 RLL (Run Length Limited Encoding) ................................................ 17 Future Codes.................................................................................... 18 Interface Standards........................................................................19 ANSL ................................................................................................. 19 NAB...................................................................................................19 IBM...................................................................................................19 IRCC.................................................................................................19 IRlG................................................................................................... 19 Shugart Associates ............................................................................20 Seagate Technology.......................................................................... 20 "IDE" or "ATA" Interface..........................................................................20 ST-506/ST-412 Interface..........................................................................21 MFM and RLL Encoding.........................................................................21 © CSC 1996 . Hard Drive Blbl. I Corporale Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS ESDI Interface.........................................................................................22 SCSI Interface.........................................................................................23 WIDE SCSI. .............................................................................................23 FAST SCSI. ..............................................................................................24 Ultra SCSI. .............................................................................................. 24 SMD Interface.........................................................................................24 IPI Interface ............................................................................................24 QIC-02 Interface .....................................................................................24 QIC-40 Interface .....................................................................................24 QIC-36 Interface .....................................................................................25 SA-400 Interface..................................................................................... 25 Future Standards .....................................................................................25 PRML Technology...........................................................................27 Enhanced IDE.................................................................................29 Original (Non-Enhanced) IDE Limitations.............................................29 IBM AT Compatible BIOS Limitations....................................................30 SCSI Command Reference..............................................................33 Format Unit -Op Code 04H...................................................................34 Inquiry -Op Code 12H..........................................................................34 Mode Select -Op Code ISH...................................................................34 Mode Sense -Op Code lAH...................................................................35 Read -Op Code 18H..............................................................................35 Read Capacity -Op Code 25H ..............................................................35 Read Extended -Op Code 12H..............................................................36 Read Long -Op Code 3EH.....................................................................36 Reassign Blocks -Op Code 07H .............................................................36 Reassign Blocks Defect List.. .................................................................. 37 Release -Op Code 17H..........................................................................38 Requests Sense -Op Code 03H ..............................................................38 Rezero Unit -Op Code 01 H ...................................................................39 Seek -Op Code OBH...............................................................................39 Seek Extended -Op Code 2BH..............................................................39 Send Diagnostic -Op Code 1 DH........................................................... .40 Start/Stop Unit -Op Code IBH............................................................. .40 Test Unit Ready -Op Code OOH............................................................ .40 Verify -Op Code 2FH.............................................................................41 Write -Op Code OAH.............................................................................41 Write Extended -Op Code 2AH............................................................ 41 Write Long -Op Code 3FH ................................................................... .42 II Hard Drive Bibl. © csc 1996 Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS What is SCSI-Ill?..............................................................................43 SCSI Buzzwords......................................................................................43 SCSI-IlL ................................................................................................... 43 Fast SCSI -How It All Started................................................................. .43 Narrow SCSI. .......................................................................................... 44 WIDE SCSI. .............................................................................................44 SCA......................................................................................................... 44 Fiber Channe1-The Future of SCSI? ..................................................... .45 Downward Compatibility? .................................................................... 45 What SCSI Flavor Should I Buy? ........................................................... .45 SCA Hot Plugs..................................................................................47 PCI Interface....................................................................................49 Choosing a Hard Drive and Controller.........................................51 Controller Setup and Jumpering.................................................. 55 ISA Bus Base I/O Address....................................................................... 55 ISA Bus Base BIOS Address ..................................................................... 56 ISA Bus DMA Channel............................................................................ 56 ISA Bus Controller Interrupt.................................................................56 Floppy Address....................................................................................... 56 ATip for Motherboards with "Extended Chipset" Setup....................... 57 Drive Setup and Jumpering...........................................................59 Typical IDE Drive Installation ................................................................ 59 IDE Drive ]umpering..............................................................................60 DSO or DS1 Confusion........................................................................... 60 MFM, RLL and ESDI Drive ]umpering.................................................... 60 SCSI Drive ]umpering.............................................................................61 Drive Cabling..................................................................................63 IDE Drive Cabling .................................................................................. 63 What are these Twisted Cables? ............................................................ 63 Single Drives (MFM,RLL or ESDI) Cables ...............................................64 Multi Drive MFM and RLL Cabling.........................................................64 Termination............................................................................................64 Multi Drive ESDI Cabling........................................................................65 SCSI Drive Cabling .................................................................................65 SCSI Cable Identification ........................................................................67 @ CSC 1996 Hard Drive Bible III Corporate Systems Center (408) 743-8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS Low-Uvel Formatting.....................................................................69 What is DEBUG?.....................................................................................69 What is CSCFMT? ..................................................................................70 Choosing a Drive 1'ype ........................................................................... 70 IDE DriveTypes......................................................................................70 MFM Drive Types ....................................................................................70 RLL and ESDI Drive Types ...................................................................... 71 SCSI DriveTypes....................................................................................71 Formatting MFM Drives......................................................................... 72 Table Overrides ......................................................................................72 Fornlatting RLL Drives...........................................................................72 Formatting ESDI Drives..........................................................................73 Fornlatting SCSI Drives.......................................................................... 74 Low Level Formatting IDE Drives .......................................................... 74 DOS Partitioning.............................................................................75 Old DOS Limitations.............................................................................. 75 The 32MB Barrier. .................................................................................. 75 The 1024 Cylinder Barrier. .................................................................... 75 Partition Compatibility. .......................................................................... 76 The 2000MB Partition Limit ...................................................................76 DOS Format ............................................................................................77 Macintosh Drive Installation. ........................................................79 Windows Drive Format..................................................................83 Windows '95 Disk Format..............................................................83 Windows '95 Enhanced IDE Support.. ................................................... 83 ROM BIOS Support .........................................................................83 Hard Disk BIOS Support...................................................................83 Truncation........................................................................................ 84 Real-Mode Geometry Support..........................................................84 Windows '95 SCSI Support through Int-13............................................84 Windows '95 SCSI Support through ASP!.. ............................................84 Windows '95 and NT SCSI Miniport Drivers ..........................................84 Disk Manager and Windows '95 .............................................................85 Getting 32 bit Disk Access from Win 3.1.. ............................................. 86 SMARTDrive 32 bit Disk Access .............................................................86 SMARTDrive Write Caching ................................................................... 86 IV Hard Drive Bible © csc 1996 Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS Novell Compsurf.............................................................................89 Hardware Compatibility Problems...............................................91 SCSI Arbitration on Bus Scan ..................................................................91 SCSI Command Set Issues ......................................................................91 ISA Bus I/O Channel ReadyTiming ........................................................92 ISA Bus 16-Bit MemoryTransfers ...........................................................92 ESDI Defect Tables ..................................................................................92 VESA VL-Bus Loading Problems ..............................................................92 IDE Drive Master/Slave Compatibility. ..................................................93 Common Installation Problems....................................................95 Handle Hard Drives Like Eggs!. ..............................................................95 Reversed Cables! ....................................................................................95 1Wisted Cables .......................................................................................95 CMOS Setup...........................................................................................96 Hardware Conflicts ................................................................................96 Defect Locking .......................................................................................96 ISA Bus Extended Setup.........................................................................96 Keep Optical Drives Clean and Cool!....................................................97 SCSI Parity Jumpers................................................................................97 SCSI ID and Termination. ....................................................................... 97 Troubleshooting.............................................................................99 Bus Mastering Compatibility. .................................................................99 CMOS Drive T'ype Tables ........................................................................ 99 Matching CMOS Tables for IDE Drives.............................................99 ESDI and SCSI Controller DriveTables ........................................... 100 Compsurf Failure .................................................................................. 10 0 DOS Partitioning. .................................................................................. 10 1 DOS & Windows '95 2.0GB Limit.........................................................101 Drive Selects ......................................................................................... 10 2 Drive Won't Spin. .................................................................................102 ED Floppy Support..............................................................................102 ESDI Sector Sparing .............................................................................102 IDE Cabling .......................................................................................... 102 IDE Master/Slave ..................................................................................103 Incorrect Drive Parameters .................................................................. 10 3 Interrupts and DMA Channels............................................................. 103 Long BootTime....................................................................................103 Long FormatTime ................................................................................103 C CSC 1996 Hard Drive Bible V Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS Multiple Drive Support Under DOS.....................................................103 No BIOS sign-on banner....................................................................... 104 Partition can't be removed................................................................... 10 4 Power Supply....................................................................................... 104 SCSI Cabling......................................................................................... 104 SCSI ID's...............................................................................................105 SCSI Termination..................................................................................105 Shadow RAM........................................................................................105 System Hangs On Power Up................................................................105 Thermal Problems ......................................... :. ..................................... 106 Twisted Data Cables............................................................................ 106 Won't Boot (DOS) ................................................................................106 Won't Boot (ESDI) ................................................................................106 Won't Boot (IDE) .................................................................................106 Won't Boot (SCSI) ................................................................................107 COMMON ERROR MESSAGES..............................................................107 1790/1791 Errors ........................................................................... 107 Attempting to recover allocation Unit XXX.. ..107 C:Drive Failure or Drive C:Error. ................................................... 107 Error Reading Fixed Disk. ..............................................................108 HOD Controller Failure ..................................................................108 Insert Disk For Drive C:.................................................................108 Invalid Media 1'ype.............. .......................................................... .108 Nof Fixed Disk Present. .................................................................. 10 8 No Partitions Defined .....................................................................108 No ROM Basic................................................................................ 109 Non System Disk or Disk Error. ..................................................... 109 No SCSI Devices Found .................................................................. 109 Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable ............................................................109 Unable to Access Fixed Disk. ......................................................... 109 Universal IDE Parameters............................................................111 Hard Drive USt..............................................................................113 Landing Zone........................................................................................113 Write Precomp....................................................................................114 CDC, Impris or Seagate? ......................................................................114 Miniscribe or Maxtor Colorado? .........................................................114 Fine Tuning...................................................................................117 CSC Test................................................................................................117 VI Hard Drive Bible © csc 1996 Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS Use 4:1 Sector InterleaveWith: ............................................................118 Use 3: 1 Sector Interleave With: ............................................................ 118 Use 2: 1 Sector Interleave With: ............................................................118 Use 1:1 Sector Interleave With: ............................................................ 1 18 Buffers and FASTOPEN.........................................................................119 Cache Programs ....................................................................................120 Hard Drive Parameters................................................................123 Alps America ......................................................................................... 123 Ampex .................................................................................................123 Areal Technology. ................................................................................. 123 \ Atashi Technology, Inc ..........................................................................123 Aura Associates .....................................................................................124 BASF. .................................................................................................... 124 Brand Technologies .............................................................................. 124 Bull.......................................................................................................124 C. Itoh Electronics................................................................................124 Cardiff..................................................................................................125 CDC...................................................................................................... 125 Century Data........................................................................................128 CMI. ......................................................................................................128 CMS Enhancements, Inc ....................................................................... 129 Cogito...................................................................................................129 Comport............................................................................................... 129 Conner Peripherals, Inc ........................................................................ 129 Core InternationaL ...............................................................................131 Corporate Systems Center...........................................................132 Data Tech Memories .............................................................................133 Disc Tec ................................................................................................133 Disctron................................................................................................133 DMA.....................................................................................................134 DTC...................................................................................................... 134 Ecol. 2 ................................................................................................... 134 Elcoh.................................................................................................... 134 Emulex................................................................................................. 134 Epson....................................................................................................134 Espert...................................................................................................134 Fuji........................................................................................................134 Fujitsu America, Inc .............................................................................. 135 Hewlett-Packard................................................................................... 136 Hitachi America .................................................................................... 137 @ CSC 1996 Hard Drive Bible VII Corporate Systems Center (408) 743·8787 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hyosung............................................................................................... 138 IBM Corporation.................................................................................. 138 IMI........................................................................................................ 139 Intergral Peripherals ............................................................................. 139 Iomega.................................................................................................. 139 JCT........................................................................................................ 139 lVC Companies ofAmerica.................................................................. 139 Kalok Corporation ................................................................................ 140 Kyocera Electronics, Inc ....................................................................... 140 Lanstor.................................................................................................. 140 Lapine................................................................................................... 140 Maxtor Corporation. ............................................................................ 141 Maxtor Colorado .................................................................................. 142 Mega Drive Systems ............................................................................. 143 Memorex.............................................................................................. 143 Micropolis Corporation. ....................................................................... 143 Microscience International Corporation .............................................. 146 Miniscribe Corporation. ....................................................................... 147 Mitsubishi Electronics .......................................................................... 149 Mitsumi Electronics Corporation. ........................................................ 149 MMI...................................................................................................... 149 NCR Corporation. ................................................................................. 149 NEC Technology, Inc .............................................................................150 NEI. ....................................................................................................... 150 Newberry Data..................................................................................... 151 NPL....................................................................................................... 151 Okidata................................................................................................. 151 Olivetti..................................................................................................151 Orca Technology Corporation. ............................................................. 152 Otari..................................................................................................... 152 Pacific Magtron ..................................................................................... 152 Panasonic.............................................................................................. 152 Plus Development................................................................................ 152 Prairietek Corporation. ........................................................................ 153 Priam Corporation ................................................................................ 153 Procom Technology.............................................................................. 154 PTI (peripheral Technology) ................................................................ 155 Quantum Corporation.........................................................................155 Ricoh.................................................................................................... 157 RMS.......................................................................................................157 Rodime Systems, Inc ............................................................................. 157 VIII Hard Drive Bible © esc 1996
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