Corporate Responsibility The American Experience PDF
Preview Corporate Responsibility The American Experience
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information Corporate Responsibility:The American Experience Thisthought-provokinghistoryofcorporateresponsibilityintheUSAisalandmark publication documenting the story of corporate power and business behavior from the mid-eighteenth century to the modern day. It shows how the idea of corporate responsibilityhasevolvedovertime,withtheroles,responsibilities,andperformance of corporations coming increasingly under the spotlight as new norms of transpar- ency and accountability emerge. Today, it is expected that a corporation will be transparentinitsoperations;thatitwillreflectethicalvaluesthatarebroadlyshared byothersinsociety;andthatcompanieswillenablesocietytoachieveenvironmental sustainabilityaswellasahighstandardofliving.Asweentertheseconddecadeofthe twenty-first century, the social, political, and economic landscape is once again shifting: the need for an informed public conversation about what is expected of themoderncorporationhasneverbeengreater. archie b. carroll is Robert W. Scherer Professor of Management Emeritus and Director, Nonprofit Management and Community Service Program at the TerryCollegeofBusinessattheUniversityofGeorgia. kenneth j. lipartito is Professor of History and Department Chair at Florida InternationalUniversity. james e. post is the John F. Smith, Jr. Professor of Management at Boston University where he teaches strategic management, corporate governance, ethics, andnonprofitmanagement. patricia h. werhane holds the Wicklander Chair of Business Ethics and is Director, Institute for Business and Professional Ethics at DePaul University. She is alsoProfessorEmeritusattheDardenSchool,UniversityofVirginia. kenneth e. goodpaster holds the David and Barbara Koch Endowed Chair in Business Ethics in the Opus College of Business at the University of St. Thomas, Minnesota. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information “This amazing book providesa terrificoverviewof the emergence anddevelopment of the waysthat businesseshave bothresponded to public pressuresfor taking on more responsibilities and,in some instances,abrogatedthosevery responsibilities. Itisa tale that hasbeenwaiting a long time tobe told and should be required reading for anyone hoping tounderstand the contextinwhich today’scorporate responsibility paradigm has arisen. The authors’ voicesblendperfectly tocreatea stunning panorama sweeping over200 years,focusing onboth the flawsand thegreatness of corporations in America today.” Sandra Waddock Galligan Chairof Strategy, Professorof Management and CarrollSchool Scholarof Corporate Responsibility, CarrollSchool ofManagement, BostonCollege “Corporate Responsibility is apowerful treatiseon theobligations of corporations to servethe society that chartersthem. Enlightenedleaders havelong recognizedthat corporations cannot ignoretheconsequences tosociety. Makingmoneyand creating sharedvalue mustgo hand-in-hand, as KenGoodpaster and his colleaguesmake abundantlyclear in this brilliantly researchedand beautifully written book. Itis amust read for anyoneconcernedabout the futureof capitalism in our society.” Bill George Professor, HarvardBusiness School, former CEOof Medtronic, and authorof TrueNorth “The team has done readers an invaluable servicebyproviding sweeping historical perspectivethatenablesustounderstandthemoderncorporateresponsibilitymovement. Anyonewhowants tounderstand the state of play today– and wheresustainability is likely to go in thefuture– woulddowell toread this book.” AronCramer Presidentand CEO, Business for Social Responsibility, SanFrancisco “Corporate Responsibility is themost comprehensivestudy available on the historyof corporate socialresponsibility inthe United States. The volumecoversboth academic research andbusiness practice. Both scholars ofcorporate responsibility andbusiness peoplewillfind this volumetobe a treasured resource.” Norman Bowie Professor Emeritus, CarlsonSchool ofManagement, Universityof Minnesota “Corporate Responsibilitydescribes the changingnatureof how the corporation has been viewed through history, particularlyas an evolving dialogue within society.The book highlightsthatthingshavenotalwaysbeenastheyarenow,noristhepresentourdestiny. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information Thiscomprehensivebookisessentialtounderstandinghowwenavigatesomeofthemost contentious debates about therelationship between businessand society.” RakeshKhurana MarvinBower Professorof Leadership Development, HarvardBusinessSchool “This is thehistory both scholars and students of business havebeenwaitingfor!The riseofthe moderncorporation has shaped American identityand politicsfromthe daysof theindustrial revolution.The authorsdeftly andcompellingly tell the story, capturing both the resilienceofcapitalism andour uneasy relationshipwith its excesses and powers.The central question they poseis critical toourfuture:“What isthe purpose of businessand towhom isit accountable?” Judith Samuelson ExecutiveDirector, Aspen Institute’sBusinessand Society Program “An in-depthexamination of the 200-yearhistoryof society’sever-changing viewof the responsibilitiesof the modern corporation from some of thevery best academic thinkers.” SteveLydenberg Founding Director, Initiativefor Responsible Investment, HauserCenter for Nonprofit Organizations, HarvardUniversity “This in-depthstudyof thehistoryof CSRelevatesthe academicdiscourse aroundthis concept.Skepticstakenote:societalexpectationofbusinessisnotawhollynovel,modern idea. From theSocialGospeltothe formationof labor groups,social, economic,and political factorsover200 yearshavegrounded ourever-evolving notionofthedutyof companiestosociety.Thisbookbringsthereadertothisimportantconclusion:‘Itisnot about if a company becomes involvedin society. It is nowabout thehow!’” CarolL. Cone Global PracticeChair, Edelman Businessand Social Purpose “Thisbookshouldberequiredreadingforaspiringexecutivesandthosewhoteachthem. This superbhistory showshowshifting norms in a globalworldhavemade corporate responsibility both radical and requisite inmodernbusiness. Throughthe lensof corporate responsibility youcan see not simply theevolution of thecorporation in the past but the trajectoryof theinternational economy in the future.” ChristopherMcKenna Centrefor Corporate Reputation,Said Business School, Universityof Oxford © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information Corporate Responsibility The American Experience ARCHIE B. CARROLL KENNETH J. LIPARTITO JAMES E. POST PATRICIA H. WERHANE KENNETH E. GOODPASTER ExecutiveEditor IllustrationscompiledandannotatedbyKirstenDelegard withDavidH.Rodbourne © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107605251 #CenterforEthicalBusinessCultures2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedandBoundinGreatBritainbytheMPGBooksGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicationdata Carroll,ArchieB. Corporateresponsibility:theAmericanexperience/ArchieB.Carroll,KennethJ.Lipartito,JamesE.Post, PatriciaH.Werhane,KennethE.Goodpaster,executiveeditor;illustrationscompiledandannotatedby KirstenDelegardwithDavidH.Rodbourne. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-02094-8(Hardback)–ISBN978-1-107-60525-1(Paperback) 1. Socialresponsibilityofbusiness–UnitedStates. 2. Businessethics–UnitedStates. I. Lipartito,KennethJ., 1957– II. Post,JamesE. III. Werhane,PatriciaHogue. IV. Goodpaster,KennethE.,1944– V. Title. HD60.C351272012 1740.40973–dc23 2012014615 ISBN978-1-107-02094-8Hardback ISBN978-1-107-60525-1Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Howtoreferenceandcitethisbook: Carroll,ArchieB.,KennethJ.Lipartito,JamesE.Post,PatriciaH.Werhane,andKennethE.Goodpaster,executive editor.2012.CorporateResponsibility:TheAmericanExperience.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress. Initialcitations:(Carroll,Lipartito,Post,Werhane,andGoodpaster,executiveeditor,2012).Subsequent citations:(Carrolletal.2012). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information With gratitude to Harry R. Halloran, an executive whose vision, determination, and belief in the social responsibility of businesses and business women and men, inspired and sustained this effort. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02094-8 - Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience Archie B. Carroll, Kenneth J. Lipartito, James E. Post, Patricia H. Werhane and Kenneth E. Goodpaster Frontmatter More information Contents About the Authors page xi Foreword xiv Preface xvi Image Gallery Between pp. 266 and 267 INTRODUCTION: The Corporation in the Public Square 1 PART I THE SEEDS OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 1 Foundations of Capitalism and the Birth of the Corporation (1776–1880) 31 2 The Turbulent Rise of the Corporation (1880–1900) 62 3 The Progressive Era and a New Business–Government Relationship (1900–1918) 90 4 The Corporation’s Case for Social Responsibility(1918–1929) 124 5 The Corporation and National Crisis (1929–1945) 152 PART II CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COMES OF AGE 6 Corporate Legitimacy Affirmed(1945–1963) 195 7 A Revolution of RisingExpectations (1963–1973) 230 8 Managing Corporate Responsibility(1973–1981) 264 ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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