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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Clinical Guide PDF

701 Pages·2023·110.937 MB·English
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19): A Clinical Guide Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19): A Clinical Guide Edited by Ali Gholamrezanezhad, MD Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC) Los Angeles, California, USA Michael P. Dube, MD Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC) Los Angeles, California, USA This edition first published 2023 © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Ali Gholamrezanezhad and Michael P. Dube to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print- on- demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data applied for ISBN: 9781119789680 (hardback) Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: © koto_feja/Getty Brandon K.K. Fields, Natalie L. Demirjian, Ali Gholamrezanezhad Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India This book is dedicated to healthcare workers around the world and those who support them. We especially wish to recognize Frances Marie Canchola, RN, a beloved HIV research nurse at the University of Southern California. Frances fell ill in November 2020 and ultimately lost her life to complications of COVID-1 9 in January 2021— a month after the first SARS- CoV- 2 vaccines received Emergency Use Authorization in the United States. There are countless people who now will no longer need to be hospitalized or die as a result of this disease once they choose to be vaccinated. — Michael P. Dube and Ali Gholamrezanezhad To my mother, Fatemeh For her endless support and devotion to making my life most fulfilling . . . my wife for her unconditional love and patience . . . my brother for his support in silence! and to the “hand of god,” a person whose company has been the greatest honor of my life, saved me in a critical time, and succored and shaped me into the person I am proud of! — Ali Gholamrezanezhad vii Contents List of Contributors x Preface xvii 1 COVID- 19: Epidemiology 1 Phillip Quiroz, George W. Rutherford, and Michael P. Dube 2 COVID- 19: Virology 22 Saeideh Najafi, Salar Tofighi, and Juliana Sobczyk 3 COVID- 19: Laboratory/Serologic Diagnostics 34 Desmond Chin, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Juliana Sobczyk, Mobin Azami, Michael Jovan Repajic, and Michael P. Dube 4 COVID- 19: Radiologic Diagnosis 61 Brian P. Pogatchnik, Wakana Murakami, and Shabnam Mortazavi 5 COVID- 19: Pathology Perspective 101 Elham Hatami, Hana Russo, and Grace Y. Lin 6 COVID- 19: Immunology 112 Yasaswi V. Vengalasetti, Niyousha Naderi, Christian Vega, Akhilesh Kumar, and Andrew T. Catanzaro 7 COVID-1 9: Presentation and Symptomatology 125 Jacek Czubak, Karolina Stolarczyk, Marcin Frączek, Katarzyna Resler, Anna Orzeł, Wojciech Flieger, and Tomasz Zatoński 8 COVID-19: Risk Stratification 149 Dominique Duncan, Rachael Garner, and Yujia Zhang 9 COVID-19: Outpatient Management in Adults 165 Michael P. Dubé 10 COVID- 19: Inpatient Management 182 Angelena Lopez, Yuri Matusov, Isabel Pedraza, Victor Tapson, Jeremy Falk, and Peter Chen viii Contents 11 COVID- 19: ICU and Critical Care Management 233 Daniel Crouch, Alexandra Rose, Cameron McGuire, Jenny Yang, Mazen Odish, and Amy Bellinghausen 12 COVID- 19 in Pediatrics 255 Erlinda R. Ulloa, Kaidi He, Erin Chung, Delma Nieves, David E. Michalik, and Behnoosh Afghani 13 Pharmacologic Therapeutics for COVID- 19 290 Amanda M. Burkhardt, Angela Lu, Isaac Asante, and Stan Louie 14 Co- infections and Secondary Infections in COVID-1 9 Pneumonia 319 Sanaz Katal, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Amit Gupta, Sean K. Johnston, Lucia Flors, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad 15 COVID- 19: Neurology Perspective 339 Kiandokht Keyhanian, Raffaella Pizzolato Umeton, Babak Mohit, Brooke McNeilly, and Mehdi Ghasemi 16 COVID- 19: Cardiology Perspective 361 Michael DiVita, Meshe Chonde, Megan Kamath, Darko Vucicevic, Ashley M. Fan, Arnold S. Baas, and Jeffrey J. Hsu 17 COVID- 19: Oncologic and Hematologic Considerations 389 Diana L. Hanna, Caroline I. Piatek, Binh T. Ngo, and Heinz- Josef Lenz 18 COVID- 19: Dermatology Perspective 409 Sabha Mushtaq, Fabrizio Fantini, and Sebastiano Recalcati 19 COVID- 19: Ophthalmology Perspective 417 Hashem Al- Marzouki, Benjamin P. Hammond, Wendy W. Huang, and Angela N. Buffenn 20 COVID- 19: Nutrition Perspectives 428 Emma J. Ridley, Lee- anne S. Chapple, Aidan Burrell, Kate Fetterplace, Amy Freeman-Sanderson, Andrea P. Marshall, and Ary Serpa Neto 21 COVID- 19: Nursing Perspective 454 Michelle Zappas, Dalia Copti, Cynthia Sanchez, Janett A. Hildebrand, and Sharon O’Neill 22 COVID- 19 Vaccination 472 Anurag Singh, Simran P. Kaur, Mohd Fardeen Husain Shahanshah, Bhawna Sharma, Vijay K. Chaudhary, Sanjay Gupta, and Vandana Gupta 23 Post- COVID- 19 Vaccine Imaging Findings 494 Shadi Asadollahi, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Sanaz Katal, Vorada Sakulsaengprapha, Yasaswi Vengalasetti, Nikoo Saeedi, Sean K. Johnston, and Jennifer H. Johnston 24 COVID- 19: Long- Term Pulmonary Consequences 515 Liesl S. Eibschutz, Tianyuan Fu, Boniface Yarabe, Narges Jokar, Sanaz Katal, Charlotte Sackett, Michael Repajic, and Ching- Fei Chang

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