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Cornish Arch 41-42 cov PDF

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Cornish Arch 45 cover 24/9/08 11:59 Page 1 CORNISH C o r n ARCHAEOLOGY i s h By land, sea and air: an Early Neolithic pit group at Portscatho, 1 Cornwall, and consideration of coastal activity during the Neolithic A ANDY M JONES and STEPHEN J REED r c 45 HENDHYSCANS KERNOW 2006 h Cornish Beakers: new discoveries and perspectives 31 a ANDY M JONES and HENRIETTA QUINNELL e o l An Early Bronze Age pit at Trenoweth, Portreath, and other results 71 o from the Reskadinnick to Portreath transfer pipeline g ANN REYNOLDS y 4 The Eathorne menhir 97 5 STEVE HARTGROVES, ANDY M JONES and GRAEME KIRKHAM The National Mapping Programme in Cornwall 109 ANDREW YOUNG Old Tom: the discovery of an unfinished cross on Catshole Tor, 117 Bodmin Moor ANDREW LANGDON A molendinary conundrum 123 CHARLES THOMAS Recent work by the Historic Environment Service, Cornwall County 127 Council Exeter Archaeology: projects in Cornwall, 2006 139 Professor Harold Fox (1945–2007): an appreciation 141 PETER HERRING Review article: Rillaton reconsidered and the Kentish Ringlemere gold 143 cup: the British Museum’s publication of Europe’s Bronze Age cups PAUL ASHBEE Reviews: 151 Andy M Jones, Cornish Bronze Age ceremonial landscapes, 151 c. 2500–1500 BC, by David Field 2 0 0 Rachel C Barrowman, Colleen E Batey and Christopher D Morris, 154 6 Excavations at Tintagel Castle, Cornwall, 1990-1999, by Peter Rose Selena Bates and Keith Spurgin, The dust of heroes, by Andy M Jones 157 Cornish Arch 45 cover 24/9/08 11:59 Page 2 Cornwall Archaeological Society in 2006 Cornwall Archaeological Society: area representatives Convenorandsecretary KarlRoberts,3LanhydrockView,BodminPL311BG. President CARADON MorwenMorris,CloverCottage,StIve,LiskeardPL143NA.Tel:01579383157. Henrietta Quinnell BA, FSA, MIFA PeterNicholas,16KimberleyFosterClose,Crafthole,TorpointPL113DD.Tel:01503230754. CARRICK Rev.BrianCoombes,191BoslowickRoad,FalmouthTR114QF.Tel01326210788. President-elect KERRIER VanessaBeeman,LowerGoongilling,Polwheveral,Constantine,FalmouthTR115RW. Tony Blackman Tel:01326341164. Past President MrMichaelTangye,Penvola,24TrefusisTerrace,RedruthTR152HA.Tel:01209214016. Nicholas Thomas MA, FSA, SMA PriscillaOates,Oaklands,WhiteCross,Cury,HelstonTR127BH.Tel:01326240654. NORTHCORNWALL RichardHeard,4TheSquare,Kilkhampton,BudeEX239QQ.Tel:01288321440. Vice-Presidents PENWITH DavidGiddings,8CoulsonsPlace,PenzanceTR184DY.Tel:01736351536. Martin Fletcher MIFA, MAAIS RESTORMEL SteveHebdige,ChichesterGuestHouse,14BayViewTerrace,NewquayTR72LR. Mrs Cynthia Gaskell-Brown MA, AMA, FSA, FRSA Tel:01637874216. Peter Gathercole MA, Dip. Archaeol ValerieJacob,5CannisRoad,Tregonissey,StAustellPL254EB.Tel:0172673110. Norman Quinnell FSA, MIFA SCILLY KatharineSawyer,Alegria,HighLanes,StMary’s,IslesofScillyTR21ONW.Tel:01720423326. Professor Charles Thomas CBE, DL, DLitt, FBA, FSA, FRHistS Specialists Hon Vice-Presidents Cornishcrosses MrALangdon,34DobbsLane,TruroTR13NB.Tel:01872271382. Mary Avent Historicbuildings RevBrianCoombes,191BoslowickRoadFalmouth,TR114QF.Tel:01326210788. Ursula Davey Publicationssub-committee2006 Hon Secretary Exofficio: President,Editors Sally Ealey Convenor: Editors Hon Treasurer Executivesub-committee2006 John Bennett Exofficio: President,Vice-Presidents,Secretary,Treasurer Hon Editors (current) Convenor: Anyoneoftheabove Cornish Archaeology: Graeme Kirkham and Peter Herring, c/o Graeme Kirkham, Historic Environment Service, Kennall Building, Old County Hall, Station Road, Truro TR1 3EX Historictownsandbuildingssub-committee2006 Exofficio: President,Secretary,Treasurer(committeenowincorporatedintoarearepresentatives) Newsletter: Adrian Rodda, 52 Mount Pleasant Road, Camborne, TR14 7RJ (from 2007); Konstanze Rahn (2006) Projectssub-committee2006 General Committee Exofficio: President,Secretary,Treasurer Ex officio: President, Past President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, Editors, Membership Secretary Elected: Linnea Glynne-Rule, Steve Hartgroves, Valerie Jacob, Andy Jones, Pam Lee, Jane ThePublicationsSub-CommitteeisauthorisedbytheSociety’s1961constitutionandisresponsibletotheGeneralCommitteeandto theAnnualGeneralMeetingforallmattersconcernedwiththeSociety’sjournalandotherpublications.Thevarioussub-committees Marley, Peter Rose, Karl Roberts, Jane Stanley, Anna Tyacke. havebeenappointedbytheGeneralCommitteetoassumeresponsibilityfordifferentaspectsoftheSociety’sworkinCornwalland Scilly. MEMBERSHIP OF THE SOCIETY is open to all interested in the history and material culture of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, persons under 14 being admitted at the discretion of the General Committee. The AGM usually takes place in the Spring. Enquiries about membership should be sent to: Mrs J Beale (Membership Secretary), 16 Cross Street, Padstow, Cornwall PL28 8AT. Requests for any of the Society’s publications (including back numbers of Cornish Archaeology) should be sent to Adrian Rodda, 52 Mount Pleasant Road, Camborne TR14 7RJ. Email: [email protected] CONTRIBUTIONS to Cornish Archaeology or the Newsletter should be sent to the appropriate Editors. Front cover: A cropmark enclosure with an annexe on its west side (right in the photograph) in Ladock parish (SW 8630 5030), photographed in April 2007. The enclosure, almost certainly an Iron Age – Romano-British enclosed farmstead or ‘round’, is one of 30,000 archaeological features in Cornwall plotted from air photographs by the National Mapping Programme. See Andrew Young, The National Mapping Programme in Cornwall, this volume. (Photograph: Historic Environment Service, F76-011.) 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page i CORNISH ARCHAEOLOGY 45 HENDHYSCANS KERNOW 2006 EDITORS GRAEME KIRKHAM AND PETER HERRING (Published 2008) 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page ii ©COPYRIGHTCORNWALLARCHAEOLOGICALSOCIETY2008 Nopartofthisvolumemaybereproducedwithoutpermission oftheSocietyandtherelevantauthor ISSN0070024X Typesetting,printingandbindingby4wordLtd,Bristol 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page iii Contents Byland,seaandair:anEarlyNeolithicpitgroupatPortscatho,Cornwall, andconsiderationofcoastalactivityduringtheNeolithic 1 ANDYMJONESandSTEPHENJREED CornishBeakers:newdiscoveriesandperspectives 31 ANDYMJONESandHENRIETTAQUINNELL AnEarlyBronzeAgepitatTrenoweth,Portreath,andotherresults fromtheReskadinnicktoPortreathtransferpipeline 71 ANNREYNOLDS TheEathornemenhir 97 STEVEHARTGROVES,ANDYMJONESandGRAEMEKIRKHAM TheNationalMappingProgrammeinCornwall 109 ANDREWYOUNG OldTom:thediscoveryofanunfinishedcrossonCatsholeTor,BodminMoor 117 ANDREWLANGDON Amolendinaryconundrum 123 CHARLESTHOMAS RecentworkbytheHistoricEnvironmentService,CornwallCountyCouncil 127 ExeterArchaeology:projectsinCornwall,2006 139 ProfessorHaroldFox(1945–2007):anappreciation 141 PETERHERRING Reviewarticle:RillatonreconsideredandtheKentishRinglemeregoldcup: theBritishMuseum’spublicationofEurope’sBronzeAgecups 143 PAULASHBEE Reviews: 151 AndyMJones,CornishBronzeAgeceremoniallandscapes,c.2500–1500BC,byDavidField 151 RachelCBarrowman,ColleenEBateyandChristopherDMorris,ExcavationsatTintagelCastle, 154 Cornwall,1990–1999,byPeterRose SelenaBatesandKeithSpurgin,Thedustofheroes,byAndyMJones 157 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page iv 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page v Contributors PaulAshbee TheOldRectory,NorwichRoad,Loddon,NorwichNR146ND. DavidField EnglishHeritage,NationalMonumentsRecordCentre,KembleDrive,Swindon SN22GZ.Email:[email protected] SteveHartgroves HistoricEnvironmentService,KennallBuilding,OldCountyHall,Truro TR13AY.Email:[email protected] PeterHerring Penhale,Treviskey,Portloe,TruroTR25PS.Email:peter.herring@english- heritage.org.uk AndyMJones HistoricEnvironmentService,KennallBuilding,OldCountyHall,Truro TR13AY.Email:[email protected] GraemeKirkham HistoricEnvironmentService,KennallBuilding,OldCountyHall,Truro TR13AY.Email:[email protected] HenriettaQuinnell 9ThorntonHill,Exeter.DevonEX44NN.Email:[email protected] StephenJReed HistoricEnvironmentSection(Archaeology),DevonCountyCouncil, CountyHall,ExeterEX24QW.Email:[email protected] PeterRose HistoricEnvironmentService,KennallBuilding,OldCountyHall,Truro TR13AY.Email:[email protected] CharlesThomas Lambessow,StClement,TruroTR11TB. AndrewYoung HistoricEnvironmentService,KennallBuilding,OldCountyHall,Truro TR13AY.Email:[email protected] 00_vol_45_paged_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page vi 01_vol_45_001-030_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page 1 CornishArchaeology45,2006,1–30 By land, sea and air: an Early Neolithic pit group at Portscatho, Cornwall, and consideration of coastal activity during the Neolithic ANDY M JONES AND STEPHEN J REED withcontributionsfromHENRIETTA QUINNELL,ANNA LAWSON-JONES,ROGER TAYLOR, ROWENA GALE andJULIE JONES DuringarchaeologicalevaluationtrenchingatPortscatho,intheparishofGerrans,agroupoffourpitswas discovered and found to contain structured deposits of Neolithic date, which included pottery, flints, beach pebblesandcharredplantmacrofossils.Fourradiocarbondeterminationsrangingovertheperiod3910–3370 calBCwereobtainedfromthepits.Analysisofthecharredmacrofossilsrevealedrareevidenceforcereals dating to the Early Neolithic period in Cornwall. It is argued that the pits were the result of the ritualised deposition of artefacts and other materials at a liminal place in the landscape, near to the end of land and abovethesea. Thisreportcombinestheresultsofevaluativework byanearliergeophysicalsurveyofthe0.90haofthe undertaken by Exeter Archaeology in the spring of field in which the proposed site lay (Dean 2003) 2003 and an archaeological watching brief (Fig 1). The trenches, which ranged between 20m undertaken by Cornwall County Council Historic and50minlength,weremachine-excavateddownto EnvironmentService(HES)atPortscatho(SW8765 the top of in situ natural geology or archaeological 3500),Gerrans,inadvanceoftheconstructionofa depositsandthencleanedbyhand.TheNeolithicpits sewagetreatmentworksduringthewinterof2004. were exposed in one of the trenches. Soil samples DuringtheevaluationfourEarlyNeolithicpitswere were taken from all of the pits for palaeoenviron- discoveredandrecorded.Followingtheirdiscovery, mentalanalysis(ReedandSage2003). the treatment works was relocated to the north of The opportunity is taken here to provide a the identified Neolithic pits. The new site of the synthesisoftheevidencewhichhasbeenrecovered workswasthesubjectofcontrolledtopsoilremoval fromNeolithicpitsitesandtoconsiderwiderissues over an area measuring approximately 0.33 ha. No related to concepts of ‘ritual’ and ‘place’ in Early further Neolithic features were uncovered (Dudley NeolithicCornwall. 2004). Both stages of the fieldwork, the analysis and The initial evaluation consisted of excavation of publicationwerecommissionedandfundedbySouth nine trenches positioned over anomalies identified WestWaterLtd. 1 01_vol_45_001-030_c 2/9/08 16:45 Page 2 ANDY M JONES Fig 1 Location map showing the study area (area of topsoil strip shaded). Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Cornwall County Council Licence No 100019590, 2008 2

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Email: [email protected]. Stephen J etouch running dow n from prepared a tool narrow bulbar end. A t opposing distal side som or parts of the landscape (Bradley 2000, 85–96); it Britain: a critical review of some archaeological and and tragic fall should provide material worthy of a.
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