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Corneal Infection and Inflammation Corneal Infection and Inflammation A Colour Atlas Edited by Noopur Gupta Ritika Mukhija Radhika Tandon First edition published 2021 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gupta, Noopur, editor. | Mukhija, Ritika, editor. | Tandon, Radhika, editor. Title: Corneal infection and inflammation : a colour atlas / edited by Noopur Gupta, Ritika Mukhija, Radhika Tandon. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book is a comprehensive treatise on slit lamp illustrations of infective and inflammatory pathologies of the cornea. Both infectious (bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan) and non-infectious keratitis that cause corneal vascularization, scarring and vision loss, have been extensively covered, supported by illustrated case scenarios”— Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020049633 (print) | LCCN 2020049634 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367457129 (hbk) | ISBN 9780367761561 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003024897 (ebk) Subjects: MESH: Keratitis—pathology | Cornea—pathology | Atlas | Case Reports Classification: LCC RE336 (print) | LCC RE336 (ebook) | NLM WW 17 | DDC 617.7/1900222—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020049633 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020049634 ISBN: 9780367457129 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367761561 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003024897 (ebk) Typeset in Palatino by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. eResources available at: www.routledge.com/9780367761561 To my parents Mrs Annapurna Gupta and Mr Gopal Sharan Gupta Mrs Sushila Parakh and Mr Keshri Chand Parakh Noopur Gupta To my parents, Mrs Sushma Mukhija and Mr Suresh Mukhija, and my husband, Dr Mayur Nayak, for always being my pillars of strength. Ritika Mukhija To my family, teachers, students and patients. Radhika Tandon Table of Contents Foreword � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ix Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � x Editors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xii Contributors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xiii SECTION A: Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1 1.Applied Anatomy and Pathophysiology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2 Nimmy Raj, Saumya Yadav, T Monikha, Akash D Saha, Noopur Gupta 2.Clinical Evaluation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6 Saumya Yadav, Nimmy Raj, Aishwarya Rathod, Noopur Gupta SECTION B: Corneal Infection � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13 3.Viral Keratitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14 Ritika Mukhija, Vipul Singh, Aishwarya Rathod, Noopur Gupta, Radhika Tandon 4.Bacterial Keratitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 36 Yogita Gupta, Ritika Mukhija, Aishwarya Rathod, Noopur Gupta 5.Fungal Keratitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49 Pooja Kumari, T Monikha, Rashmi Singh, Ritika Mukhija 6.Protozoal Keratitis and Other Atypical Infections � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66 Ritika Mukhija, Rashmi Singh, Vipul Singh, Shubhi Jain, Radhika Tandon SECTION C: Corneal Inflammatory Disorders � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 91 7.Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 92 Noopur Gupta, Yogita Gupta, M Vanathi, Radhika Tandon 8.Neurotrophic Keratitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 110 Vipul Singh, Ritika Mukhija, Noopur Gupta 9.Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 119 Ritika Mukhija, T Monikha, Suresh Azimeera, Noopur Gupta 10. Ocular Surface Disorders � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 129 Rashmi Singh, Ritika Mukhija, Alisha Kishore, Noopur Gupta, M Vanathi 11. Trachoma � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 155 Shubhi Jain, Ritika Mukhija, Praveen Vashist, Noopur Gupta 12. Exposure Keratopathy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168 Vipul Singh, Ritika Mukhija, Radhika Tandon SECTION D: Postsurgical Infection and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173 13. Post-Keratoplasty Corneal Infection and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 174 Aishwarya Rathod, Pooja Kumari, T Monikha, M Vanathi, Radhika Tandon vii 14. Other Postsurgical Corneal Infections and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196 Pooja Kumari, Amit K Das, Shikha Gupta, Noopur Gupta, Radhika Tandon SECTION E: Corneal Infection and Inflammation in Systemic Disorders � � � � � � � � � � 209 15. Corneal Involvement in Systemic Infections � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210 Ritika Mukhija, Deeksha Rani, T Monikha, Nimmy Raj, Radhika Tandon 16. Corneal Involvement in Non-Infective Systemic Disorders � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 223 Ritika Mukhija, Rachna Meel, Vipul Singh, Noopur Gupta SECTION F: Paediatric Corneal Disorders � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 249 17. Approach to Paediatric Patients with Corneal Disease � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 250 Nimmy Raj, Akash D Saha, Yogita Gupta, Nikita Sharma, Noopur Gupta 18. Paediatric Corneal Infection and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 254 Yogita Gupta, T Monikha, Neiwete Lomi, Radhika Tandon SECTION G: Miscellaneous Corneal Infections and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 277 19. Contact Lens-Related Corneal Infection and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 278 Sneha Agarwal, Nimmy Raj, Noopur Gupta, Radhika Tandon 20. Post-Traumatic Corneal Infection and Inflammation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 300 Nimmy Raj, Alisha Kishore, T Monikha, Neiwete Lomi, Noopur Gupta 21. Chemical Injury � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 318 Saumya Yadav, T Monikha, Alisha Kishore, Neiwete Lomi, Radhika Tandon 22. Crystalline Keratopathy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 336 Aishwarya Rathod, Ritika Mukhija, Radhika Tandon 23. Corneal Hydrops � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 342 Aishwarya Rathod, Ritika Mukhija, Noopur Gupta Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 347 viii Foreword Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862): ‘We cannot see and teaching videos. The atlas will serve as a single anything until we are possessed with the idea of it, resource for residents-in-training, corneal fellows, take it into our heads, – and then we can hardly see and comprehensive ophthalmologists. Academic anything else.’1 cornea specialists will find it a welcome addition to their library, as the book includes disorders both D.H. Lawrence (1885–1930): ‘What the eye rare and common. doesn’t see and the mind doesn’t know, doesn’t exist.’2 The All India Institute of Medical Sciences was established in 1965 through an Act of the Robertson Davies (1913–1995): ‘… the eye sees Parliament of India and is the largest government only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.’3 hospital in the country. Its Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, named after the The medical atlas is often one of the very first first President of India and known affectionately textbooks purchased by beginning medical as the RP Centre, was established in 1967 and students, and thus holds a special place in the quickly became the leading centre in India for libraries of physicians and surgeons long after training young ophthalmologists. Over one-half the rigours of their training have passed. The million patients are seen at the RP Centre every great medical atlases are broad compendiums year, and their ophthalmologists have the privilege of medical knowledge, providing invaluable of seeing, and the attendant responsibility visual examples and descriptions of health and of caring for, the entire spectrum of corneal disease. Medical atlases are often also great disorders. This book will serve well any budding works of art. This is true particularly for atlases ophthalmologist seeking to learn to recognise of ophthalmology, for the eye’s beauty even in corneal disorders and is fully consistent with the illness is every ophthalmologist’s secret joy. motto of the RP Centre: “Tamso Ma Jyotirgamaya” It is my great pleasure and high honour to (from darkness to light). introduce this wonderful new atlas, authored Enjoy! exclusively by the magnificent clinicians and senior trainees on the Cornea, Cataract and James Chodosh, MD MPH Refractive Surgery Service of the Dr Rajendra Edith Ives Cogan Professor of Ophthalmology Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All Massachusetts Eye and Ear India Institute of Medical Sciences, in New Harvard Medical School Delhi. The editors of the atlas, Drs Noopur Boston, Massachusetts, USA Gupta, Ritika Mukhija and Radhika Tandon, have assembled an exhaustive and fully NOTES comprehensive tome, encompassing the broad 1 Henry David Thoreau, Autumnal Tints. First array of corneal infectious and inflammatory published, 1862. 2 D.H Lawrence, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. 1928. disorders, replete with useful and representative 3 Robertson Davies, Tempest-Tost. 1951. clinical photographs, diagrams, case descriptions ix

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.