Corinth in Contrast: Studies in Inequality

293 Pages·2013·6.151 MB·English

by  Steven J. Friesen, Sarah A. James, Daniel N. Schowalter

Corinth in Contrast
Supplements
to
Novum Testamentum
Executive Editors
M.M. Mitchell
Chicago
D.P. Moessner
Fort Worth
Editorial Board
L. Alexander, Sheffield – H.W. Attridge, New Haven
F. Bovon, Cambridge MA – C. Breytenbach, Berlin
J.K. Elliott, Leeds – C.R. Holladay, Atlanta
D. Marguerat, Lausanne – M.J.J. Menken, Tilburg
J.C. Thom, Stellenbosch – P. Trebilco, Dunedin
VOLUME 155
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nts
Corinth in Contrast
Studies in inequality
Edited by
Steven J. Friesen, Sarah A. James,
and Daniel N. Schowalter
LEiDEN • BOSTON
2014
This hardback is also published in paperback under ISBN 978‐90‐04‐26186-0.
Cover illustration: A selection of imported and local fine wares and other objects from a floor
deposit dated to between 125–75 bce in the Panayia Field, Corinth (see James in this volume).
From left to right: an Eastern Sigillata A bowl, an iron scythe, a bowl with an outturned rim, a flat
rim plate, a mold for making ceramic moldmade bowls, three loomweights, and a saucer. Photo by
S. James and J. Herbst.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Corinth in contrast : studies in inequality / edited by Steven J. Friesen, Sarah A. James, and
Daniel N. Schowalter.
  pages cm. — (Supplements to Novum Testamentum, ISSN 0167-9732 ; VOLUME 155)
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-90-04-22607-4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26131-0 (e-book : alk.
paper) 1. Corinth (Greece)—History. 2. Corinth (Greece)—Social life and customs. 3. Corinth
(Greece)—Social conditions. 4. Corinth (Greece)—Religion. 5. Corinth (Greece)—Antiquities.
6. Equality—Greece—Corinth—History. I. Friesen, Steven J., editor of compilation.
 DF261.C65C667 2013
 938’.7—dc23
2013031395
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ISSN 0167-9732
ISBN 978-90-04-22607-4 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-26131-0 (e-book)
Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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CONTENTS
List of Illustrations  .......................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgements  ........................................................................................ xi
List of Abbreviations  ...................................................................................... xiii
List of Contributors  ........................................................................................ xvii
1. Inequality in Corinth  ................................................................................ 1
Steven J. Friesen, Sarah A. James, and Daniel N. Schowalter
PART ONE
ELITES AND NON-ELITES
2. The Last of the Corinthians? Society and Settlement from
146 to 44 bce  ............................................................................................... 17
Sarah A. James
3. The Local Magistrates and Elite of Roman Corinth  ....................... 38
Benjamin W. Millis
4. “You Were Bought with a Price”: Freedpersons and Things in
1 Corinthians  ............................................................................................... 54
Laura Salah Nasrallah
5. Painting Practices in Roman Corinth: Greek or Roman?  ............. 74
Sarah Lepinski
PART TWO
SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN CORINTH
6. Landlords and Tenants: Sharecroppers and Subsistence Farming
in Corinthian Historical Context  .......................................................... 103
Guy D.R. Sanders
vi contents
 7. The Diolkos and the Emporion: How a Land Bridge Framed
the Commercial Economy of Roman Corinth  ................................ 126
David K. Pettegrew
 8. The Ambivalent Landscape of Christian Corinth:
The Archaeology of Place, Theology, and Politics in a Late
Antique City  .............................................................................................. 143
William Caraher
 9. Regilla Standing By: Reconstructed Statuary and Re-inscribed
Bases in Fourth-Century Corinth  ........................................................ 166
Daniel N. Schowalter
PART THREE
iNEQUALiTiES iN GENDER AND RELiGiON iN ROMAN CORiNTH
10. Religion and Magic in Roman Corinth  ............................................. 187
Ronald S. Stroud
11. Junia Theodora of Corinth: Gendered inequalities in the
Early Empire  .............................................................................................. 203
Steven J. Friesen
12. ‘Mixed Marriage’ in Early Christianity: Trajectories from
Corinth  ........................................................................................................ 227
Caroline Johnson Hodge
Bibliography  ..................................................................................................... 245
index  ................................................................................................................... 267
Maps  .................................................................................................................... 271
LiST OF iLLUSTRATiONS
All drawings and photographs are courtesy of the American School of
Classical Studies at Athens Corinth Excavations unless otherwise noted.
James
Figures
2.1. Plan of the post-146 bce floor deposit in the Hellenistic
‘long building’ in the Panayia Field .................................................. 31
2.2. Mold for linear leaf moldmade bowls (MF 2005–32) from the
Panayia Field floor deposit  ................................................................. 32
2.3. interim and early colony cooking pots  ........................................... 35
Nasrallah
Figures
4.1. Close-up of manumission inscription on the polygonal
masonry of the retaining wall of the Temple of Apollo,
Delphi  ........................................................................................................ 68
4.2. Stoa of the Athenians and retaining wall, looking up to the
columns of the Temple of Apollo  ..................................................... 68
Lepinski
Figures
5.1. Corinthian capital from area East of the Theater ........................ 80
5.2. East wall, Room M, villa of Fannius Synistor in Boscoreale  .... 80
5.3. Plan of Panayia Field  ............................................................................ 82
5.4. Wall of pre-domus room, Panayia Field, with Egyptianizing
scheme  ...................................................................................................... 83
5.5. North wall, Room 15, villa of Agrippa Postumus at
Boscotrecase  ............................................................................................ 83
5.6. Painted Pegasos on red ground from Southeast Building  ......... 86
viii list of illustrations
5.7. Briarios inscription from Southeast Building  ............................... 86
5.8. Corinthian coin with Bellerophon leading Pegasos on
reverse; seated archaic-style Poseidon on the obverse  ............. 87
5.9. Eros from Room 7, area East of the Theater (A 1990 06)  ......... 91
5.10. Plan of Roman domus, Panayia Field  ............................................. 93
5.11. Victory on red ground from Room A12, domus, Panayia Field
(A 1996 08)  .............................................................................................. 94
5.12. Victory (S 1932) from South Basilica  ............................................... 96
5.13. Maenad from Room A7, domus, Panayia Field (A 1997 04)  .... 96
5.14. Victory (S 2073) from west end of the Forum  ............................. 98
5.15. Vertical vegetal motif from Room A11, domus, Panayia
Field  .......................................................................................................... 99
Sanders
Tables
6.1. Actual Boeotian cereal sharecropping case  .................................. 109
6.2. Washingtonia case  ................................................................................ 113
6.3. Corinthian cash croppers’ costs and gains from agriculture  ... 114
6.4. Number of cultivators supported if 1 ha is planted exclusively
with a single crop using average Ancient Corinth yields  ......... 115
6.5. Amount of land required in Ancient Corinth to support one
adult male  ............................................................................................... 115
6.6. Allotment size at the colonies of Vibo, Thurii, Bononia and
Aquileia  .................................................................................................... 118
Figure
6.1. Area of centuriated land surrounding Corinth  ............................ 118
Graphs
6.1. income inequality in the Roman Empire  ...................................... 122
6.2 Undeveloped (Roman Empire) vs. developed (England &
Wales 1759)  ............................................................................................. 122
list of illustrations ix
Caraher
Figures
8.1. Plan of the Lechaion Basilica  ........................................................... 148
8.2. Plans of the Lechaion baptistery (left) and the Panayia bath
(right)  ....................................................................................................... 149
8.3. Plan of the Kraneion Basilica  ........................................................... 152
8.4. 6th-century material from the Eastern Korinthia
Archaeological Survey  ........................................................................ 158
Schowalter
Figures
9.1. The Regilla-Tyche base (i 1658)  ....................................................... 167
9.2. The Regilla-Peirene base (i 62)  ........................................................ 168
Stroud
Figures
10.1. Plan of the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, ca. 400 bce  ....... 191
10.2. Plan of the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore in the
Roman Period  ....................................................................................... 192
10.3. Roman thymiaterion (C 1971 182) from the Sanctuary of
Demeter and Kore  ............................................................................... 193
10.4. Drawing of two lead curse tablets from the Sanctuary of
Demeter and Kore  ............................................................................... 194
10.5. Plan of the Building of the Tablets (Building K) in the
Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore  ...................................................... 195
10.6. Roman lamp (L 1969 409) from the Sanctuary of Demeter
and Kore  ................................................................................................. 195
10.7. Two rolled lead curse tablets (MF 1969 294/5) from the
Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore  ...................................................... 197
10.8. Transcribed text of the lead curse tablets in figure 10.7  .......... 198
10.9. Circular lead receptacle (MF 1969 296) from the Sanctuary
of Demeter and Kore  .......................................................................... 199
10.10. Transcribed text of the inscription on the circular lead
receptacle (figure 10.9)  ....................................................................... 200