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Copyright © 2012 Aaron James Meraz, Sr. All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE MISSIOLOGY OF I. T. TICHENOR WITH IMPLICATIONS ON CONTEMPORARY SOUTHERN BAPTIST NORTH AMERICAN MISSIONS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Aaron James Meraz, Sr. May 2012 APPROVAL SHEET THE MISSIOLOGY OF I. T. TICHENOR WITH IMPLICATIONS ON CONTEMPORARY SOUTHERN BAPTIST NORTH AMERICAN MISSIONS Aaron James Meraz, Sr. Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ J. D. Payne (Chair) __________________________________________ Timothy K. Beougher __________________________________________ Adam W. Greenway Date______________________________ To my wife, Rebecca, the love of my life, and to Aaron James, Jr., and Sarah Elizabeth, our godly children whom we do not deserve, and to Emmett and Lana Meraz, my parents, who led me to faith in Jesus Christ, and to Bridgeway Baptist Church, the ministerial blessing of my life, and to I. T. Tichenor, “though dead he speaketh” TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2. A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF I. T. TICHENOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Early Life and Family History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Early Church Life and Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Teaching Years and Call to Ministry (1844-1847) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Missionary Year (1847-1848) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Early Pastorates (1848-1852) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 First Pastorate with First Baptist, Montgomery, Alabama (1852-1860) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Confederate Chaplain in the Civil War (1860-1862) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Second Pastorate with First Baptist, Montgomery, Alabama (1863-1868) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Mining Executive and Final Pastorate (1868-1872) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Founding President of Alabama A&M (Auburn) (1872-1882) . . . . . . . . . . 68 Corresponding Secretary of the Home Mission Board (1882-1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 iv Chapter Page Retirement and Death (1900-1902) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3. BIBLICAL AND THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TICHENOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Southern Baptist Influences on Tichenor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Doctrine of God . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Doctrine on the Condition of Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Doctrine on the Work of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 View of the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Doctrine of Salvation and the Christian Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Doctrine of Evangelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Ecclesiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Cultural Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Beliefs on the End Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 4. THE MISSIOLOGY OF I. T. TICHENOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Great Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Use of Demographics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Church Planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Church Planting Missionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 The Church Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Use of Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 5. IMPLICATIONS ON CURRENT SBC NORTH AMERICAN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 v Chapter Page A Voice for Our Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Implications on the Great Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Implications on Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Implications on Church Planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Implications on the Use of Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 6. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Appendix 1. HMB MISSIONARIES BY STATE, 1882-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 2. AVERAGES OF WORK BY HMB MISSIONARIES, 1883-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 3. CHURCH BUILDING DEPARTMENT POLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 4. SUMMARIES OF HMB TREASURER’S REPORTS, 1883-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 5. INCREASE OF WHITE CHURCHES CONSTITUTED, 1882-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 6. INCREASE OF BLACK CHURCHES IN SOUTH, 1884-1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 7. GCRTF RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 v i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMPY Average Missionaries Per Year DGR Decadal Growth Rate ERLC Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission FMB Foreign Mission Board HMB Home Mission Board HMS Home Mission Society NAMB North American Mission Board SBC Southern Baptist Convention SBHLA Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives WMU Woman’s Missionary Union vi i LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Quotes of Tichenor on the priority of the Home Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2. Growth of unchurched in Southern states, 1846-1886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 3. Growth of unchurched in Southern states, 1845-1898 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 4. Destitution of some frontier states, 1882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 5. Average work of the HMB missionary, 1883-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 6. Cumulative statistics on churches needing buildings, 1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 7. SBC state membership growth, 1882 to 1899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 8. U. S. regional population growth, 2000-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 9. SBC churches by regions, 2000- 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 10. Top five states in population growth by percentage, 2000 to 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 11. Top five state conventions in percentage church growth, 2000 to 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 12. Top metro areas affected by migration, 2007-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 13. SEND NORTH AMERICA initial targeted cities by region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 14. Minority population distribution in the United States, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 vi ii Table Page 15. 2009-10 SBC Cooperative Program receipts and percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 16. 2009 NAMB expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 17. Total assets of the HMB, 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 18. Tichenor’s average annual Great Commission Resurgence budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 19. Sample funding for NAMB missionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 A1. HMB missionaries by state, 1882-1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 A2. HMB missionaries by state, 1891-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 A3. Averages, 1883-1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 A4. Averages, 1889-1894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 A5. Averages, 1895-1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 A6. Treasurer’s report summary, 1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 A7. Treasurer’s report summary, 1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 A8. Treasurer’s report summary, 1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 A9. Treasurer’s report summary, 1886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 A10. Treasurer’s report summary, 1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 A11. Treasurer’s report summary, 1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 A12. Treasurer’s report summary, 1889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 A13. Treasurer’s report summary, 1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 A14. Treasurer’s report summary, 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 A15. Treasurer’s report summary, 1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 A16. Treasurer’s report summary, 1893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 A17. Treasurer’s report summary, 1894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 A18. Treasurer’s report summary, 1895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 A19. Treasurer’s report summary, 1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 ix

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The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree. Doctor of Philosophy by. Aaron James Meraz, Sr
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