Copper Empire: Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, c.1930–1964 PDF
Preview Copper Empire: Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, c.1930–1964
Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series General Editors: Megan Vaughan, Kings' College, Cambridge and Richard Drayton, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge This informative series covers the broad span of modern imperial history while also exploring the recent developments in former colonial states where residues of empire can still be found. The books provide in-depth examinations of empires as competing and complementary power structures encouraging the reader to reconsider their understanding of international and world history during recent centuries. Titles include: L.J. Butler COPPER EMPIRE Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, c.1930-64 Kim A. Wagner (editor) THUGGEE Banditry and the British in Early Nineteenth-Century India Sunil S. Amrith DECOLONIZING INTERNATIONAL HEALTH India and Southeast Asia, 1930-65 Tony Ballantyne ORIENTALISM AND RACE Aryanism in the British Empire Robert J. Blyth THE EMPIRE OF THE RAJ Eastern Africa and the Middle East, 1858-1947 Roy Bridges (editor) IMPERIALISM, DECOLONIZATION AND AFRICA Studies Presented to John Hargreaves T.]. Cribb (editor) IMAGINED COMMONWEALTH Cambridge Essays on Commonwealth and International Literature in English Michael S. Dodson ORIENTALISM, EMPIRE AND NATIONAL CULTURE India, 1770-1880 Ronald Hyam BRITAIN'S IMPERIAL CENTURY, 1815-1914: A STUDY OF EMPIRE AND EXPANSION Third Edition Robin Jeffrey POLITICS, WOMEN AND WELL-BEING How Kerala became a 'Model' Gerold Krozewski MONEY AND THE END OF EMPIRE British International Economic Policy and the Colonies, 1947-58 Javed Majeed AUTOBIOGRAPHY, TRAVEL AND POST-NATIONAL IDENTITY Francine McKenzie REDEFINING THE BONDS OF COMMONWEALTH 1939-1948 The Politics of Preference John Singleton and Paul Robertson ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND AUSTRALASIA 1945-1970 Sloan Mahone and Megan Vaughan (Editors) PSYCHIATRY AND EMPIRE Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-91908-8 (Hardback) 978-0-333-91909-5 (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Copper Empire Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, c.1930-1964 L.J. Butler palgrave © l. J. Butler 2007 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-55526-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlT 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 17S Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-36413-8 ISBN 978-0-230-58976-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230589766 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Butler, l.J. (Lawrence j.) Copper empire: mining and the colonial state in Northern Rhodesia, c. 1930-64/1.J. Butler. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-36413-8 (alk. paper) 1. Copper mines and mining-Zambia. 2. Copper industry and trade Zambia. 3. Northern Rhodesia-History. I. Title. TN446.Z33B88 2007 968.94'02-dc22 2007025499 10 9 8 7 6 5 432 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 Transferred to Digital Printing 2011 Contents Acknowledgements vi Abbreviations viii Maps xi Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Colonial State and the Development of the Copperbelt 14 Chapter 2 Wartime Mobilisation 60 Chapter 3 The Post-War Commodity Boom (1946-1953) 106 Chapter 4 The Debate on Controlling the Mining Industry (1939-1952) 146 Chapter 5 The Copperbelt and the Central African Federation (1949-1957) 194 Chapter 6 The Demise of the Federation 233 Chapter 7 The Mining Industry and Zambian Independence 255 Postscript Northern Rhodesian Copper Mining: The Prospects at Independence 293 Conclusion 300 Notes 307 Bibliography 395 Index 413 v Acknowledgements I have incurred many debts in the course of researching and writing this book, and it is a pleasure to acknowledge them. To all the indi viduals cited here, I express my very genuine gratitude. None bears any responsibility for the book's shortcomings, but each can claim credit that the project has finally reached completion. Special thanks are due to Professor Andrew Porter, with whom I first discussed the idea more years ago than either of us might wish to admit, and who, as always, has been a constant source of guidance, inspiration and help. I have learned more from him during the past two decades than I can possibly convey here, and I hope that a little of what I have gained is reflected in this book. I am very grateful, too, to Professor Tony Hopkins, for the interest he took in the project, and for his kind and practical advice on translating the original, nebulous idea into a firm book proposal. Professor Ian Phimister, too, has, over many years, helped me to dev elop my thinking and has provided generous support at key stages in the book's evolution. Equally, I thank Tony Gorst, whose friendship, help and advice have been priceless and without whose interventions at an early stage, the book would never have been commenced, let alone completed. John Phillips, whose own pioneering research in this field has been of great significance, has also been a source of generous support. I am most grateful to him for sharing his work with me, and I hope the debt lowe him is reflected in the text. Among those who gave me opportunities to air some of the book's basic propositions in public are Jim Bamberg, Rory Miller, Sarah Stockwell and Nicholas White. Sincere thanks are due to Michael Strang and his colleagues at Palgrave Macmillan for their professionalism and assistance and, above all, for their patience. The Arts and Humanities Research Council and the British Academy generously provided financial assistance towards my research, and the University of East Anglia awarded me research leave. It is conventional in a book of this sort to record gratitude towards one's own university. In my case, I feel a particularly strong debt to my colleagues at UEA, both academic and non-academic. They have consistently offered friendship, encouragement and help. At times when personal circumstances threat ened to jeopardise the book's completion, their kindness and support proved to be decisive. I am especially grateful to Professor John vi Acknowledgements vii Charm ley and Professor Carole Rawcliffe, not only for the faith they have shown in this project, but also for the many practical interven tions they have made to enable me to realise it. My former student, Jo Locke, the Rev. Canon R.A. Stidolph and Professor David Killingray were instrumental in helping me locate the papers of Sir Ronald L. Prain. Mr Graham Prain has been exceptionally generous with his time, discussing his late father's work with me, arranging for me to obtain copies of his father's extensive papers, and lending me material from his father's library. I am most grateful to him for the interest he has shown in my research, and for his many kind nesses. lowe an enormous debt to Carol Bowers and her colleagues at the American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming for their heroic labours to provide me with duplicates of the Prain papers, when circumstances prevented me from visiting the United States. I am most grateful to the Mining Association of the United Kingdom for granting me permission to consult the papers of the British Overseas Mining Association, and to Fiona McCall of Rio Tinto Zinc for arrang ing access to these records. As always, I am indebted to the staff of the National Archives, Kew, the Bodleian Library, the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, the London School of Economics Library, the University of London Library, and the Library of the University of East Anglia. My thanks go also to Phillip Judge, of the School of Environmental Sciences at UEA, who produced the maps with speed, efficiency and good humour. My greatest debt is to Lilly Stuart, who has lived with this project since its inception and who, through her unfailing kindness, has contributed more to its com pletion than can adequately be recorded here. As a small token of thanks, this book is dedicated to her. Abbreviations AAC Anglo American Corporation ACJ Arthur Creech Jones (Papers) ACID Advisory Committee on Industrial Development AEI Associated Electrical Industries AHC American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming AMAX American Metal Climax AMC American Metal Company AMU African Mineworkers Union ANC African National Congress ASRC American Smelting and Refining Company BDEE British Documents on the End of Empire (Project) BLCAS Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies (formerly Rhodes House Library) BMC British Metals Corporation BoE Bank of England BOMA British Overseas Mining Association BRMM British Raw Materials Mission (Washington) BSAC British South Africa Company ('Chartered') CAB Cabinet (Papers) CAF Central African Federation (Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland) CAO Central African Office CAST Consolidated African Selection Trust Ltd CCD (Cabinet) Committee on Colonial Development CD&W Colonial Development and Welfare CDC Colonial (later Commonwealth) Development Corporation CDAC Colonial Development Advisory Committee CDF Colonial Development Fund CDWP Colonial Development Working Party CEAC Colonial Economic Advisory Committee CEPS Central Economic Planning Staff CIC Capital Issues Committee CID Committee of Imperial Defence CLAC Colonial Labour Advisory Committee CO Colonial Office viii Abbreviations ix CPPC Colonial Primary Produce Committee CRO Commonwealth Relations Office DO Dominions Office ECA Economic Co-operation Administration ECGD Export Credit Guarantee Department EEC European Economic Community EPT Excess Profits Tax FBI Federation of British Industries FCB Fabian Colonial Bureau FO Foreign Office HEP Hydroelectric power IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDAC Import Duties Advisory Committee JECAB Joint East and Central African Board ILO International Labour Organisation IMC International Materials Conference LME London Metal Exchange MoS Ministry of Supply MWU Mine Workers' Union NA The National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office), Kew NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NAC Nyasaland African Congress NFM Non-Ferrous Metals NORCOM Northern Rhodesian Chamber of Mines OAG Officer Administering the Government (of ... ) OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OTC Overseas Trading Corporation PREM Prime Minister's Office PSNR Permanent Sovereignty of Natural Resources PSO Principal Supply Officers (Committee) RAA Rhodesian Anglo American RACM Roan Antelope Copper Mines Ltd RLPP Papers of Sir Ronald L. Prain RST Rhodesian Selection Trust T Treasury (Papers) TUC Trades Union Congress UAC United Africa Company UCAA United Central Africa Association UFP United Federal Party
The list of books you might like
