Copper Bioavailability and Metabolism

308 Pages·1990·11.332 MB·English

by  Constance Kies (auth.), Constance Kies (eds.)

COPPER
BIOAVAILABILITY AND
METABOLISM
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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COPPER
BIOAVAILABILITY AND
METABOLISM
Edited by
Constance Kies
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, Nebraska
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
American Chemical Society Symposium on Copper Bioavailability and Metabolism
(1989: Dallas, Tex.)
Copper bioavailability and metabolism / edited by Constance Kies.
p. cm. - (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 258)
"Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Copper Bioavailabili-
ty and Metabolism, held April 9-14, 1989, in Dallas, Texas" - Verso of Lp.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN -13 :978-1-4612-7855-9 e-ISBN -13 :978-1-4613-0537-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0537-8
I. Copper - Bioavailability -Congresses. 2. Copper - Metabolism - Congresses.
I. Kies, Constance. II. Title. III. Series. QP535.C9A44 1989 89-22994
612.3'924-dc20 CIP
Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on
Copper Bioavailability and Metabolism, held April 9-14, 1989,
in Dallas, Texas
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
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PREFACE
Nutrition is truly a science of the 20th century. That physiological disabilities could be caused
by a lack of exogenous substances which could be supplied by foods is a concept of relatively
recent origins.
It is not surprising, therefore, that, until the last few years, much of nutritional science
research was tied to: 1) establishing a cause and effect relationship between a physiological
problem and its cure/prevention by a chemical substance in food; 2) quantifying the amount of
the substance (nutrient) needed to prevent deficiency symptoms; and 3) quantifying the amounts
of nutrients found in various food substances.
That a nutrient might be present in apparently adequate amounts in foods consumed by an
individual but could not be fully utilized because of the concurrent consumption of anti-nutrients
has been recognized as being an important problem as, for example, iodine-deficiency goiters
resulting from consumption of gOitrigens. That less specific, less dramatic interactions among
nutrients and among nutrients and other food components might enhance or inhibit the
absorption of nutrients from the intestines or of the metabolism of nutrients within the body is an
area of current concern.
The Agriculture and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society in recognition
of the importance of bioavailability, bioutilization and metabolism of mineral nutrients has been
sponsoring a series of symposiums with the objective of bringing together established research
scientists and investigators at the start of their careers. By so doing, current information can be
defined and future research directions can be illustrated. This volume is the result, in large part,
of the efforts of the participants of the most recent of these symposiums, i.e. Bioavailability and
Metabolism of Copper.
The editor would like to thank Mrs. Donna Hahn for her efforts in helping to organize the
American Chemical Society symposium in which the oral versions of many of the chapters
included in this book were first presented as well as her technical assistance making this volume
become a reality.
Constance Kies
Editor
v
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• xi
COPPER IN FOODS AND FACTORS AFFECTING ITS
AVAILABILITY
Food Sources of Dietary Copper
C. Kies
Stable Isotope Studies of the Effect of Dietary Copper
on Copper Absorption and Excretion • . • • • • • 21
J.R. Turnlund
Influence of Ascorbic Acid, Zinc, Iron, Sucrose and
Fructose on Copper Status . . . . . . . . • . 29
M.A. Johnson
Copper Absorption as Affected by Supplemental Calcium,
Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium and Potassium • • 45
C. Kies and J.M. Harms
The Type of Dietary Carbohydrate Consumed During Pregnancy
and Lactation Determines Copper Status of the Fetus
and the Neonate Rat • . . . • • • . . . . 59
M. Fields, C.G. Lewis and T. Beal
Factors Affecting Copper Absorption in Humans and Animals 71
P.E. Johnson
Inhibitors of Copper Bioutilization: Fiber, Lead,
Phytate and Tannins • • • . • 81
C. Kies and J. Umoren
COPPER ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
Copper Transport: Insights into a Ceruloplasmin-Based
Delivery System • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • 95
E.D. Harris and S.S. Percival
The Biodistribution of Radiocopper-Labeled Compounds . . . . • • . • • 103
J.A. Mercer-Smith, D.A. Cole, J.C. Roberts,
D. Lewis, M.J. Behr and D.K. Lavallee
vii
Metalloforms of Metallothionein Induced by Parenteral Copper:
The Influence of Route of Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • 123
C.C. McCormick, L.-Y. Lin and J.C. Fleet
Mechanism of Copper Transport and Delivery in Mammals:
Review and Recent Findings • • •• •••••••••••.•• 131
C.A. Goode, C.T. Dinh and M.C. Linder
COPPER METABOLISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Copper and Zinc Status in Moderate Alcohol Intake ••••. 145
N.A. Frimpong and J. Louis-Charles
Effect of Estrogen on Serum and Tissue Levels of Copper and Zinc . • • 155
S.W. Mehta and R. Eikum
Effects of Exercise Training on Human Copper and Zinc Nutriture . • • 163
H.C. Lukaski
Serum Total Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol Levels as Associated
with Copper and Zinc Intake in Physically Active And
Sedentary Elderly Men and Women •••.•.••...••••• 171
J. Umoren
Modulation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Unsaturation by Dietary Copper • • 183
S.C. Cunnane
Ischemic Heart Disease as Copper Deficiency • . • • • • • • • • • • • 197
L.M. Klevay
Copper Complexes Stimulate Hemopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis . . • . . • . 209
L.S.F. Soderberg, J.B. Barnett and L.R.J. Sorenson
Exocrine Pancreatic Function of Rats Consuming a High-Fructose,
Low-Copper Diet • • • •• •.•••••.••. 219
C.G. Lewis and M. Fields
Bioavailable Copper Complexes Offer a Physiologic Approach
to Treatment of Chronic Diseases . • . • . • . •• .••••• 229
J.R.J. Sorenson, S.F. Soderberg, M.V. Chidambaram,
D.T. de la Rosa, H. Salari, K. Bond, G.L. Kearns,
R.A. Gray, C.E. Epperson and M.L. Baker
Changes in Serum Copper and Zinc During Treatment with
Anticancer Drugs Interfering with Pyridoxal Phosphate • • • • . 235
M. Slavik, T.R. Narasimhan, C. Riley and J. Slavik
Effect of Copper on Immune'Function and Disease Resistance ..•••• 243
J.R. Stabel and J.W. Spears
Effects of Inflammation on Copper Antioxidant Enzyme Levels • . • . • 253
R.A. DiSilvestro
Copper-67 Labeled Porphyrin Localization in Inflamed Tissues • . • . • 259
D.A. Cole, J.A. Mercer-Smith, J.K. Norman, S.A. Schreyer,
K.P. Bullington, J.C. Roberts and D.K. Lavallee
Serum Copper Concentration as an Index of Clinical Lung Injury . • • • 273
A. Molteni, W.F. Ward, Y.T. Kim, R. Shetty,
L. Brizio-Molteni, R. Giura, H. Ribner and M. Lomont
viii
Serum Copper Concentration as an Index of Experimental
Lung Injury • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 287
W.F. Ward, A. Molteni, C. Ts'ao and H. Ischiropoulos
Index ••••••••••••••••.•••.••••••.••••• 303
INTRODUCTION
Constance Kies
Department of Human Nutrition and Food Service
Management
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, NE
The usefulness of copper to people dates back to antiquity
(Adriano, 1986). It was one of the first metals used by humans. The
discovery of hardening of copper by alloying it with tin to form
bronze marked the end of the stone age. Currently, about half of the
world production of copper is used in electrical equipment but its
alloys are used in plumbing, piping and a wide variety of other
products. In addition, copper compounds are used as fungicides and
herbicides, insecticides and bactericides, preservatives, pigments in
paints and ceramics, algicides, food and feed additives and
fertilizers (Adriano, 1986; Kutsky, 1981).
Recognition of the biological importance of copper is of recent
origins (Kutsky, 1981). In 1830, Bucholz identified copper in plants.
That copper occurs in animal tissue was recognized somewhat later by
such investigators as Frederick in 1878 who reported the presence of
copper in hemocyanin and by Brodansky who, in 1921, identifed copper
in human brain. Not until 1928 did Hart and co-workers establish that
copper is an essential nutrient for animals.
Provision of adequate copper nutrition is now known or suspected
to be vital in normal functioning and maintenance of a large number of
body systems including circulatory, excretory, respiratory, digestive,
nervous special sensory, endocrine, metabolic and reproductive. These
basic understandings have been reviewed by O'Dell (1984), Davis and
Mertz (1986), Owen (1982) and Solomons (1988). Several chapters in
this book are devoted to the most current research relative to the
physiological functions of copper.
Dietary, environmental and genetic causes may result in symptoms
of copper deficiency or copper toxicity (Owen, 1981; Davis and Mertz,
1986; Carson, 1987). Menke's syndrome is a genetic defect caused
condition which results in defective copper absorption and copper
deficiency while Wilson's disease, another inborn error of metabolism,
results in copper toxicity due to defective copper excretion in bile.
Normally in humans copper is absorbed in the stomach and duodenum and
is transported as copper-protein complexes. Current theories of
mechanisms of copper absorption have been reviewed by Davis and Mertz
(1986), Solomons (1988) and Owen (1982) in this volume. Bile is the
principal route of endogenous copper excretion in the human.
Foods vary in their copper contents. Because much of the
information on copper concentration in foods commonly eaten in the
United States is scattered, food composition tables relative to
copper have been included. Copper may be present in food but its
absorption and utilization may be influenced by a large number of
dietary and non-dietary factors (Owen, 1981; 1982). Among the
dietary factors influencing copper bioutilization are protein and
amino acids, sugars, fiber, minerals (nutritionally-essential, non
essential, and suspected toxic elements), ascorbic acid, and other
vitamins, phytates and tannins. In addition, physiological states
including growth, aging, pregnancy and lactation, and exercise may
result in altered need and utilization of copper. Pharmaceutical
products may change physiological utilization and need for copper.
Many of these factors are discussed in detail in this volume.
Current methodology now allows for greater, more precise
definition of copper involvement in human metabolism. Although a
primary purpose of this volume is not to present methodological
procedures per se, all chapters have been written by individuals who
are currently active in copper nutrition/biochemical/physiological
research. By so doing, what is currently being done and what can be
done now is presented.
REFERENCES
Adriano, D.C. Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment.
Springer-Verlag: New York, NY, 1986, pp. 181-218.
Carson, B.L., Ellis, H.V. III, and McCann, J.L. Toxicological and
Biological Monitoring of Metals in Humans. Lewis Publishing Co.:
Chelsea, MI, 1987, pp. 93-98.
Davis, G. and Mertz, W. Copper. In: Trace Elements in Human and
Animal Nutrition, 5th ed., W. Mertz, ed. Academic Press: San Diego,
CA, 1986, pp. 301-364.
Kutsky, R.J. Handbook of Vitamins, Minerals and Hormones, 2nd ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.: New York, NY, 1981, pp. 101-112.
O'Dell, B.L. Copper. In: Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 5th ed.
Nutrition Foundation: Washington, DC, 1984, pp. 506-518.
Owen, C.A. Copper deficiency and toxicity. In: Copper in Biology
and Medicine Series. Noyes Publishing: Park Ridge, NJ, 1981, 189 p.
Owen, C.A. Biochemical aspects of copper. In: Copper in Biology and
Medicine Series. Noyes Publishing: Park Ridge, NJ, 1982, 206 p.
Owen, C.A. Biological aspects of copper. In: Copper in Biology and
Medicine Series. Noyes Publishing: Park Ridge, NJ, 1982, 138 p.
Owen, C.A. Physiological aspects of copper. In: Copper in Biology
and Medicine Series. Noyes Publishing: Park Ridge, NY, 1982, 286 p.
Solomons, N.W. Zinc and copper. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, Shils, M.E. and Young, V.R., eds. Lea and Febiger:
Philadelphia, PA, 1988, pp. 238-262.