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Cooperation in supply chains : alliance formation and profit allocation among independent firms PDF

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Cooperation in supply chains: alliance formation and profit allocation among independent firms Adel El Omri To cite this version: Adel El Omri. Cooperation in supply chains: alliance formation and profit allocation among indepen- dent firms. Business administration. Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. English. ￿NNT: 2009ECAP0042￿. ￿tel-00453322￿ HAL Id: tel-00453322 https://theses.hal.science/tel-00453322 Submitted on 4 Feb 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ECOLE CENTRALE DES ARTS ET MANUFACTURES « ECOLE CENTRALE PARIS » THESE Présentée par Adel EL OMRI Pour l’obtention du GRADE DE DOCTEUR Spécialité : Génie Industriel Laboratoire d’accueil : Laboratoire Génie Industriel SUJET: Cooperation in Supply Chains: Alliance Formation and Profit Allocation among Independent Firms. Soutenue le : 07 / 12 /2009 à l’Ecole Centrale Paris Devant le jury composé de : Vincent Giard : Professeur, LAMSADE, Université Paris Dauphine Serguei Netessine : Professeur associé, The Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. Jean-Claude Hennet : Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-LSIS, Marseille Yves Dallery : Professeur, Laboratoire Génie Industriel, Ecole Centrale Paris Asma Ghaffari : Maître de Conférences, Laboratoire Génie Industriel, Ecole Centrale Paris Zied Jemai : Maître de Conférences, Laboratoire Génie Industriel, Ecole Centrale Paris Laboratoire Génie Industriel Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures Grande Voie des Vignes 92 295 CHÂTENAY-MALABRY Cedex TTTToooo mmmmyyyy ffffaaaammmmiiiillllyyyy,,,, AAAACCCCKKKKNNNNOOOOWWWWLLLLEEEEDDDDGGGGMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS First, I would like to express my gratitude particularly and wholeheartedly to my advisor Professor Yves Dallery for his wide knowledge and his helpful guidance throughout the development of this dissertation. I would like to thank him not only for his scientific support but also for his excellent human qualities. I was deeply impressed by his generosity, his kindness and understanding. I consider myself very fortunate to know him and to work with him. Other persons, that have helped me during all my Ph.D work and to whom I am very grateful, are Dr. Asma Gaffari and Dr. Zied Jemai. They strongly contributed to the achievement of this dissertation. I have thoroughly enjoyed our numerous discussions concerning not only this Ph.D. work, but also countless other topics in science and engineering, as well as everyday life. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Serguei Netessine and Professor Jean-Claude Hennet who have honored me by accepting to examine this dissertation. I am also grateful to Professor Vincent Giard for accepting to chair the jury of my thesis. I owe a special appreciation to all my colleagues of the Industrial Engineering Laboratory who have encouraged me and helped me. Particularly, I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Michel Minoux for the helpful discussions we had. A special thank to the Laboratory director, Professor Jean-Claude Bocquet. I wish to extend my appreciation to Anne Prevot, Sylvie Guillemain, Corrine Olivier and Carole Stoll and to all the faculty and staff of the Ecole Centrale Paris and to all LGI family. This dissertation owes many thanks to my friends. Without their support I could not have done what I was able to do. Last but not least, I am grateful to my parents, my sisters and brothers for all the sacrifices they made. Thanks for providing me with renewed motivation when my interest waned and for encouragement when success seemed doubtful. Without their love and enormous support, this dissertation would not be possible. Adel Résumé : À l'ère de la mondialisation, l’environnement industriel et économique a subi plusieurs changements majeurs. Les chaînes logistiques sont en train de devenir de plus en plus de complexes réseaux composés de nombreux acteurs qui sont tantôt en concurrence et tantôt coopèrent pour répondre aux incessantes exigences des consommateurs. Dans un tel contexte, les entreprises se sont rapidement rendu compte de la limite du modèle complètement décentralisé où chacune d’entre elles optimise sa propre chaîne logistique indépendamment des autres acteurs. Afin de trouver de nouvelles sources de compétitivité et de faire face à la perpétuelle complexité de l’environnement économique, les entreprises tentent de dépasser la frontière des actions individuelles favorisant les actions coordonnées et centralisées. Désormais, la coopération entre les diverses chaînes logistiques et la formation d’alliances se trouvent au cœur des préoccupations des entreprises. En effet, en mutualisant les moyens logistiques, la coopération permet une meilleure exploitation des ressources et par le biais des actions collectives, elle permet de mieux bénéficier des économies d’échelles conduisant à réduire significativement les coûts et à générer des bénéfices considérables. Toutefois, dans de tels systèmes coopératifs, les acteurs sont indépendants et par ailleurs toujours intéressés en priorité par leurs profits individuels. De ce fait, la coopération soulève deux enjeux essentiels : (1) Quelles sont les alliances qui sont susceptibles de se former ? Et (2), comment partager les bénéfices réalisés sur les différents acteurs coopérants ? Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au phénomène de la coopération dans les chaînes logistiques. Particulièrement, nous posons les précédentes questions dans des chaînes logistiques ou plusieurs firmes peuvent réduire leurs coûts logistiques en optant pour une gestion collective des stocks. Les principaux résultats de cette thèse portent sur l’utilisation des principes de la théorie des jeux coopératifs pour déterminer les alliances les plus profitables ainsi que la portion de profit que chaque firme doit recevoir afin de garder la stabilité des alliances formées. Mots clefs : Chaînes logistiques, Coopération, Formation d’alliances, Allocation des coûts, Stabilité, Théorie des jeux coopératifs. Abstract: In the age of outsourcing and globalization, the economic and industrial landscape has seen many radical changes. In such context, supply chains are becoming complex networks of a large number of entities that sometimes compete and sometimes cooperate to fulfill customers’ needs. Standalone supply chains, where each entity makes its decisions so as to maximize its own profits according to its own objectives, often lead to a loss of efficiency and fail to face the complexity of the economic environment they are facing with. Cooperative structures, however, where resources/service facilities are shared and decisions are made to maximize the global profit, prove to be more beneficial and efficient. Consequentially, many companies are fundamentally changing their way of doing business by exceeding the border of standalone and individual actions toward collective actions and cooperative strategies. Therefore, building alliances appears as a successful strategy in modern supply chain networks. In general, cooperation enables a better exploitation of the system’s resources and offers the opportunity to get benefit from large economies of scope, which in turn reduces the total cost/increases the total savings. However, it raises two natural questions that need to be addressed: (1) Which coalitions can be expected to be formed? And, (2) How will the cooperating actors share their total profit? In this Ph.D. dissertation, we tempt to address these questions in retail supply chains where independent retailers coordinate their replenishment from a supplier in order to save on delivery costs. Considering various joint replenishment environments, our principal contribution is to use principles from cooperative game theory to identify the most profitable alliances and to determine the portion of profit that would be allocated to each actor in order to guarantee the stability of the formed alliances. Keywords: Supply chain management, Cooperation, Joint replenishment, Coalition formation, Cost allocation, Stability, Cooperative game theory. Contents List of Figures iv List of Tables v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Cooperation: A Successful Strategy in "Business Jungle" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Scope of the Dissertation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Thesis structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Introduction to Supply Chain 9 2.1 Historical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2 The Supply Chain Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.1 De(cid:28)nition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.2 Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.3 Supply Chain Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 Joint Replenishment Problem and Joint Replenishment Game . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.2 Joint Replenishment Game (JRP-game) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.4 Dissertation’s Models Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.4.1 One-Supplier Multi-Retailer Full TruckLoad Joint Replenishment Games . 16 2.4.2 One-Supplier Multi-Retailer Joint Replenishment Games . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 Preliminaries on Cooperative Game Theory 21 3.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.1.1 Non-Cooperative Game Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.1.2 Cooperative Game Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Cooperative Games: Representations and De(cid:28)nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 i

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elles optimise sa propre chaîne logistique indépendamment des autres acteurs. 7 Stability of Hedonic JRP-Games with General Cost Function.
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