Conversion: Opportunities for Development and Environment

504 Pages·1992·27.94 MB·English

by  Arturo Abriani (auth.), Anke Brunn, Lutz Baehr, Hans-Jürgen Karpe (eds.)

A. Brunn L. Baehr H.-J. Karpe
(Eds.)
Conversion
Opportunities for Development
and Environment
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Anke Brunn
Ministerin fur Wissenschaft
und Forschung des Landes NRW
Volklinger StraBe 49
4000 Dusseldorf
Germany
Lutz Baehr
Director
Department for Economic
and Social Development (DESD)
United Nations
New York
USA
Hans-JGrgen Karpe
Institut fOr Umweltschutz
Universitat Dortmund
Postfach 50 05 00
4600 Dortmund 50
Germany
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-95703-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-95701-7
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-95701-7
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992
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CONTENTS
o
ABBREVIATIONS IX
PREFACE X
II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XI
III CONFERENCE DECLARATION XVII
IV SPECIAL ADDRESSES XIX
V TECHNICAL PAPERS
Argentina
1. Abriani, A. Conversion & Environmental Conflict 2
2. Luzuriaga, A. The Conversion of the Military Industrial
Complex in Progress in Argentina 9
Egypt
3. Moustafa, A.M. Conversion as Conception Confusion 21
France
4. Herbert, J.P. Between Disarmament and Sovereignity? 24
Germany
5. Amelung, T. Sustainable Development -A Challenge
for the World Economy 32
6. Butterwegge, C. Armament Conversion 44
7. Fortmann, J. Technologies for Contaminated
Military Sites 52
8. Giessmann, H.J. Utilization of Hardware:
Options and Constraints 54
9. Huck, B.J. Dual Use Technologies 65
VI
10. Joos, D. Strategic Concepts for Remediation of
Soil Contamination 69
11. Kronfeld-Goharani, U. Proposal to Establish a Federal Agency
and Well mann, Ch. for Baltic Sea Marine Environment
Monitoring and Protection 71
12. Kuhn, F. et. al. Use of Remote-Sensing Methods 73
13. Lock, P. The Economic Costs of Peace 84
14. Menke-Gluckert, P. Political, Economic and Legal Conditions
for the Process of Conversion of
International Security Systems 92
15. Mull, I.R. and SchrOder, W. Contaminated Sites in the Ownership of
Federal Defense Forces 95
16. Niemeyer, B. and Conversion and Disposal of Explosives
Rosendorfer, T. and Propellants 101
17. Opitz, P. Disarmament Economy -
A New Industrial Activity? 107
18. Peglau, R. Federal Environmental Agency 114
19. Schatz, J. Project-Oriented
Environmental Management 118
20. Scheffran, J. Environmental Applications of
Military Information and
Communication Technolog'ies 122
Italy
21. Tani, P. and Catalan, G. From Military to Civilian Production 135
Pakistan
22. Sultan, A. Conversion Opportunities for
Development and Environment 152
Russia/CIS
23. Dmitriev, V. Conversion as a Chance for
Development and Environment 157
24. Gonchar, K.R. Defence Conversion in the
Declining Economy 168
VII
25. Gouklin, E. Problems and Possibilities of
Technology Transfer 173
26. Konovalov, A. Specific Aspects of the Conversion
Problem in the Evolving Russia 175
27. Nikitin, V. Some Military Production
Conversion Aspects 183
28. Polyakov, A. Main Directions of Radio-Chemical
Technology Conversion 186
29. Rackitsky, A. Ecologically Sound Construction
Technologies for the
Russian Military 190
30. Raginsky, L. Pulsed Equipment -
Problems of Conversion 192
31. Wolff, L.R. Thermionic Energy Conversion 199
United Kingdom
32. Dunne, P. National Case Studies on Conversion 209
U.N.O.
33. Muzondo, T. Macroeconomic and Environmental
Effects of Military Conversion 232
34. Theorin, B. Military Resources to the Environment 247
35. Wiesebach, A. Technical Co-operation to Support the
Conversion of Military to
Civilian Industry 252
U.S.A
36. Bischak, G. Debt Reduction in Exchange for
Arms Conversion 259
37. Difilippo, A. Converting U.S. Science and Technology
Resources to Civilian Use 268
38. Gurtov, M. Military Conversion and Economic
Development: The China Case 282
39. Lall, B.G. Problems and Prospects of Conversion 303
VIII
40. Leitenburg, M. Defense Industry Conversion 306
41. Leitenburg, M. Soviet Resources in the Defence Sector 325
42. Melman, S. Successful Conversion Experiences 338
43. Renner, M. Environmental Dimensions of
Disarmament and Conversion 345
44. Smart, C. Conversion and the Death of the Soviet
Military-Industrial Complex 382
45. Yudken, J. Technology Policy and Economic
Conversion in the United States 406
ANNEX
List of authors 443
Index 448
Abbreviations and accronyms
CFE Conventional Force Reduction in Europe
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CSTD Centre for Science and Technology for Development
DMSP US Defence Meteorological Satellite Program
DoD Departement of Defence
GDR German Democratic Republic
GNP Gross National Product
IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
IMF International Monetary Fund
INFU Institut fUr Umweltschutz
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources
MWF Ministerium fUr Wissenschaft und Forschung
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NGO Non-governmental Organization
NVA Nationale Volksarmee
R&D Research and Development
S&T Science and Technology
UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNHA United Nations Humanitarian Assistance Team
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNO United Nations Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
PREFACE
This Conference Proceedings provoke scientists, technologists
on 'Conversion Opportunities for and policy makers to initiate
Development and Environment', specific programmes and promote
provides the edited version of the investments which go beyond
papers presented by the the recommendations of the
participants to the conference. conference.
This proceedings also provides a
summary of the deliberations We gratefully acknowledge
among distinguished groups of stimulating contributions of the
eminent scientists, professionals, participants from around the world
policy makers and industrialists, and are very pleased with the large
dealing specifically with the attendance of high level
opportunities and constraints in participants from the developing
redirecting the savings from military countries and Eastern Europe.
activities for the benefit of socio
economic development and The conference was basically
protection of environment. sponsored by the State of North
Rhine-Westphalia.
We hope that this proceedings
would be useful not only in We are particularly grateful to
generating an awareness of the the additional support provided by
magnitude of the opportunities the Initiativkreis Ruhrgebiet, the
available to mankind but also Bundesstiftung Umwelt, and the
City of Dortmund.
Anke BRUNN Dr.Lutz BAEHR Dr.Hans J.KARPE
Minister for Director Director
Higher Education and UNCSTD INFU
Research NEW YORK DORTMUND
NORTH RHINE
WESTPHALIA
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M. Anandakrishnan, Rapporteur
OVERVIEW
In his Opening Address, the Minister
The International Conference on President of the State of North Rhine
Conversion Opportunities for Westphalia, Dr. Johannes Rau,
Development and Environment, jointly emphasized the need for serious political
organized by the United Nations Centre for and policy dialogues on conversion,
Science and Technology for Development beyond academic discussions, inspite of
(New York), and the Ministry of Higher the many new uncertainties and
Education and Research, State of North imponderables. He cited the experience
Rhine Westphalia, the Institute of of the State in the restructuring process,
Environmental Protection Policy (INFU) of resulting in establishment of several
the University of Dortmund, Germany, has thousand high technology industries, many
attracted the participation of over 200 of which were in a leading position in the
senior political leaders, industrialists, development of highly advanced
scientists and technologists from 35 environmental technologies. He stressed
countries, and representatives of UN the importance of global attention in
organizations and specialized agencies eliminating weapons of more destruction,
which are currently engaged in exploring eradication of hunger and poverty and the
practical measures for promoting the establishment of a UN framework to
conversion of military facilities and enlarge the term "security" to include
capabilities for sustainable human protection against natural and environment
benefits. disasters.
The Conference was the third in a series In his keynote address, the German
of international gatherings on Federal Minister for the Environment,
CONVERSION following the earlier Natural Protection and Nuclear Safety,
meetings in Beijing and Moscow. Going Prof. Dr. Klaus Topfer pointed out the vast
beyond the feasibility and technical resources released on account of the end
aspects of Conversion, the Dortmund to East-West confrontation, which at the
Conference focussed on concrete same time led to elimination of lots of
approaches to redirecting the resources jobs, highlighting the importance of
specifically for socio-economic attention to be paid to the Conversion
development and environmental issues. He called for Conversion of
protection. mental attitudes as an important first step
leading to new initiatives towards
Welcoming the participants, the Lord sustainable global environment and
Mayor of the City of Dortmund, Mr. Gunter suitable monitoring systems under United
Samtlebe, referred to the successful Nations auspices.
example of the economic conversion of Addressing the participants, the
the Ruhr area from a military economy Chairperson of the Conference, Mrs. Anke
during World War II into a peaceful and Brunn, North Rhine Westphalia Minister of
flourishing market economy, and the Higher Education and Research, called for
establishment of technical institutes in the elimination of investments in arms
vacated army barracks. technology. She outlined her