Converging media a new introduction to mass communication PDF
Preview Converging media a new introduction to mass communication
Converging Media 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 1 24/11/15 12:18 PM 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 2 24/11/15 12:18 PM Converging Media FiFth Edition a NEw INTRODUCTION TO Mass Communication John V. Pavlik RUTgERS UNIVERSITY Shawn McIntosh MaSSaChUSETTS COllEgE OF lIbERal aRTS New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 3 24/11/15 12:18 PM Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pavlik, John V. (John Vernon) Converging media : a new introduction to mass communication / John V. Pavlik, Rutgers University ; Shawn McIntosh, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts. -- Fifth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-027151-0 1. Mass media. 2. Digital media. 3. Internet. I. McIntosh, Shawn. II. Title. P90.P3553 2016 302.23--dc23 2015028062 Printing number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 4 24/11/15 12:18 PM To my wife, Jackie, and my daughters, Tristan and Orianna —J.V.P. To my parents, Dennis and Kathie —S.M. 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 5 24/11/15 12:19 PM brief Contents PREFACE xxii ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxxiii part one ThE C haNgINg MEDIa laNDSCaPE 1 Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformation 3 2 Media literacy in the Digital age 37 part two MaSS-COMMUNICaTION FORMa TS 3 Print Media: books, Newspapers, and Magazines 63 4 audio Media: Music Recordings, Radio 97 5 Visual Media: Photography, Movies, and Television 125 6 Interactive Media: The Internet, Video games, and augmented Reality 161 part three MEDIa PERSPECTIVES 7 The Impact of Social Media 191 8 Journalism: From Information to Participation 227 9 advertising and Public Relations: The Power of Persuasion 259 part four MEDIa aND SOCIETY 10 Media Ethics 295 11 Communication law and Regulation in the Digital age 323 12 Media Theory and Research 357 13 Mass Communication and Politics in the Digital age 387 14 global Media in the Digital age 411 GLOSSARY G-1 NOTES N-1 CREDITS C-1 INDEX I-1 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 6 24/11/15 12:19 PM Contents PREFACE xxii ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxxiii part one ThE C haNgINg MEDIa laNDSCaPE 1 Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformation 3 telephony: Case Study in Convergence 4 Correlation 27 Cultural Transmission 27 three types of Convergence 7 Entertainment 27 Technological Convergence 8 Economic Convergence 9 theories of Communication 28 Cultural Convergence 11 Transmission Models 28 Critical Theory and Cultural Studies 30 implications of Convergence 12 Media Organization 13 television: the Future of Convergence 31 Media Type 14 lOOKINg baCK aND MOVINg FORwaRD 33 Media Content 14 MEDIa MaTTERS 34 Media Use 16 FURThER REaDINg 34 Media Distribution 18 Media audience 18 Features Media Profession 20 MEDIa PIONEERS: Steve JobS 10 attitudes and Values 20 INTERNaTIONal PERSPECTIVES: Crying in a bMW 11 Mass Communication in the digital Age 23 Interpersonal Communication 23 CONVERgENCE CUlTURE: USer-generated Content: Mass Communication 24 Creativity or PiraCy? 19 Mass Communication and Convergence 25 EThICS IN MEDIa: interaCtively MaPPing gUn Functions of Mass Communication 26 oWnerS 22 Surveillance 26 2 Media literacy in the Digital age 37 Education and Media 38 What Makes Mediated Communication different? 40 What is Media Literacy? 39 Semiotics 40 Framing 42 vii 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 7 24/11/15 12:19 PM viii Contents www.oup.com/us/pavlik Early Concerns of Media Effects 43 MEDIa MaTTERS 60 FURThER REaDINg 60 Media Grammar 44 Print Media 44 Features Radio and Recorded Music 45 Film and Television 46 MEDIa PIONEERS: MarShall MClUhan 48 Digital-Media grammar 47 INTERNaTIONal PERSPECTIVES: Mobile telePhony in implications of Commercial Media 47 the develoPing World 50 Commercial-Media Debate 49 EThICS IN MEDIa: When Media rePort raPe Concentration of Media Ownership 51 allegationS 55 Media Bias 53 CONVERgENCE CUlTURE: doS and don’tS When developing Critical Media-Literacy Skills 56 evalUating online inforMation 57 MEDIa CaREERS 58 lOOKINg baCK aND MOVINg FORwaRD 58 part two MaSS-COMMUNICaTION FORMa TS 3 Print Media: books, Newspapers, and Magazines 63 Functions of Print Media 64 local Newspapers 75 Transmission of Culture 64 National Newspapers 75 Diffusion of Ideas and Knowledge 64 history of newspapers to today 76 Entertainment 65 The Commercial Press and the Partisan Press 77 distinctive Functions of Books 65 Colonial Readership and Finances 77 The golden age of Newspapers 77 history of Books to today 66 Monastic Scribes 66 Current newspaper-industry issues 79 Johannes gutenberg 67 Newspaper Chains 80 beginnings of Mass Communication benefits of Chains 80 and Mass literacy 68 Problems with Chains 81 Cheaper and Smaller books 68 leading Newspaper Chains 81 Dime Novels 68 Declining Number of Daily Newspapers 81 Mass-Market Paperbacks 69 Sales and Readership of newspapers 81 Print-on-Demand 69 Circulation and Readership 84 Ebooks 70 advertising 84 Current Book-industry issues 71 outlook for newspapers 86 Sales and Readership of Books 72 distinctive Functions of Magazines 87 outlook for Books 74 history of Magazines to today 89 distinctive Functions of newspapers 75 Current Magazine-industry issues 90 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 8 24/11/15 12:19 PM Contents ix Sales and Readership of Magazines 90 CONVERgENCE CUlTURE: freeSheetS: riding the railS of neWSPaPerS’ fUtUre? 85 outlook for Magazines 91 MEDIa CaREERS 93 MEDIa PIONEERS: rUben Salazar 87 lOOKINg baCK aND MOVINg FORwaRD 94 MEDIa MaTTERS 94 FURThER REaDINg 95 Features INTERNaTIONal PERSPECTIVES: global ebook MarketPlaCe 70 4 audio Media: Music Recordings, Radio 97 the Recording industry 98 FM Radio, Edwin howard armstrong, and David Sarnoff 114 distinctive Functions Creating a Viable business Model for Radio 115 of the Recording industry 98 The Rise of Radio Networks 115 history of Recorded Music 99 Consolidation In Radio Station Ownership 116 From Tin Pan alley to hollywood 100 the Radio industry today 117 Roots of Rock and Roll 100 Redefining Rock 101 Radio Station Programming 118 the Recording industry today 102 outlook for the Radio industry 118 Podcasting 120 Recording-industry Business Model 105 Satellite Radio 120 Creation 105 MEDIa CaREERS 121 Promotion 106 lOOKINg baCK aND MOVINg FORwaRD 122 Distribution 106 MEDIa MaTTERS 123 Pricing Structure 107 FURThER REaDINg 123 outlook for the Recording industry 107 Digital Rights Management and Illegal File Features Sharing 107 MEDIa PIONEERS: aManda PalMer 104 New business Models Emerging 108 EThICS IN MEDIa: MaShed-UP and Mixed-UP MUSiCal What is Broadcasting? 109 ethiCS 111 Radio 110 CONVERgENCE CUlTURE: nPr and Pri: aMeriCa’S distinctive Functions of Radio 110 PUbliC radio netWorkS 116 history of Radio 110 INTERNaTIONal PERSPECTIVES: trUSting in the PoWer wireless Telegraphy 112 of the airWaveS 121 Exploring Radio’s Early Potential 112 Voice Transmission 112 Radio before, During, and after wwI 113 widespread Public adoption of Radio 114 00-Pavlik-FM.indd 9 24/11/15 12:19 PM
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