Controlling Legal Addictions: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual symposium of the Eugenics Society, London, 1988

256 Pages·1989·21.604 MB·English

by  David Robinson, Alan Maynard, Robert Chester (eds.)

STUDIES IN BIOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
General Editor: Robert Chester, Department of Social Policy and
Professional Studies, University of Hull
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STUDIES IN BIOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
General Editor: Robert Chester, Department of Social Policy and
Professional Studies, University of Hull
Published
Milo Keynes, David A. Coleman and Nicholas H. Dimsdale (editors)
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH AND WELFARE
Peter Diggory, Malcolm Potts and Sue Teper (editors)
NATURAL HUMAN FERTILITY
Milo Keynes and G. Ainsworth Harrison (editors)
EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES: A Centenary Celebration of the Life
of Julian Huxley
David Robinson, Alan Maynard and Robert Chester (editors)
CONTROLLING LEGAL ADDICTIONS
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Controlling Legal
Addictions
Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual symposium of the
Eugenics Society, London, 1988
Edited by
David Robinson
Institute for Health Studies
University of Hull
Alan Maynard
Centre for Health Economics
University of York
Robert Chester
Department of Social Policy and Professional Studies
University of Hull
M
in association with
MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan
© The Eugenics Society 1989
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First published 1989
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Eugenics Society, Symposium (25th: 1988:London
England)
Controlling legal addictions: proceedings of the
twenty-fifth annual symposium of the Eugenics
Society, London 1988. (Studies in biology, economy
and society)
1. Great Britain. Alcoholism. Tobacco smoking.
Control measures
I. Title II. Robinson, David, 1946- III. Maynard,
Alan,1941- IV. Chester, Robert, 1929- V. Series
362.2'9
ISBN 978-0-333-51740-6 ISBN 978-1-349-20237-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20237-9
Contents
List of Tables vii
Notes on the Contributors ix
Editors' Preface by David Robinson, Alan Maynard and
Robert Chester xi
1 Controlling Legal Addictions: 'Taking Advantage of
What's There'
David Robinson 1
2 History and Addiction Control: The Case of Alcohol
Virginia Berridge 24
3 Many Problems in Many Forms
Michael Gossop 43
4 Controlling Alcohol Abuse
Marcus Grant 63
5 The Costs of Addiction and the Costs of Control
Alan Maynard 84
6 Low Cost Responses
Ray J. Hodgson 101
7 Price Regulation
Christine Godfrey 110
8 Tax Harmonisation in the European Community
Melanie Powell 131
9 The Politics of the Market
Rob Baggott 148
10 Industry, Employment and Control Policy
Keith Hartley 167
11 The Information Component
Larry Harrison 183
v
vi Contents
12 Legal Controls and Voluntary Agreements
Philip Tether 203
Index 221
List of Tables
5.1 Value measures of consumption expenditure on
alcoholic drinks and tobacco at constant 1980 prices
(£million) 85
5.2 Volume measures of consumption of alcoholic drink
and cigarettes, 1960 to 1987 86
5.3 The costs of alcohol misuse (in 1987 prices) 88
5.4 The social costs of smoking to the NHS in England
(£m 1987) 89
5.5 Alcohol and tobacco-related deaths and life years lost,
1985 90
5.6 Mortality associated with legal addictive substances 91
5.7 The importance of the margin: an illustrative case
study; yield and cost data 94
5.8 The importance of the margin: an illustrative case
study; the margins 95
5.9 The costs of control: tobacco (10 per cent real
price rise) 97
7.1 Tobacco price elasticity estimates 111
7.2 Alcohol price elasticities 113
7.3 Indices of prices of alcoholic beverages and tobacco
relative to the prices of all goods (1963 = 100) 115
7.4 Duty and VAT as a percentage of price, 1974 to 1988 117
7.5 Annual changes in retail price index and excise duties,
1974 to 1988 118
7.6 Alternative tax policies 123
7.7 Impediments to a price regulation policy 127
8.1 Balance of external trade in alcohol and tobacco in the
EC (12), 1986 133
8.2 Production of alcohol and tobacco in the EC (12), 1986 133
8.3 Consumption of alcohol in the EC (litres of pure
alcohol per capita) 135
8.4 Disaggregated trends in alcohol consumption (litres of
pure alcohol per capita) 136
8.5 Consumption of cigarettes in the EC (number
per capita) 137
8.6 Rates of VAT on alcohol and tobacco products in the
EC (% of final price, 1 April 1987) 141
VII
Vlll List of Tables
8.7 Proposed rates of excise on alcohol and tobacco in the
EC (e.c.u.) 142
8.8 The likely impact of EC proposals on tax
harmonisation on alcohol 143
9.1 The economic significance of the alcohol and tobacco
industries in the UK, 1986 151
10.1 The UK alcohol and tobacco industries 170
10.2 UK brewing and tobacco companies 171
10.3 Profitability in selected industries 174
10.4 Employment multipliers in the alcohol and tobacco
industries, 1974 and 1984 179
11.1 Government advertising expenditure through the
Central Office of Information, 1978 to 1987 186
11.2 The top ten holding companies' advertising
expenditure 1987-8 187
11.3 British government departments with an interest in
some aspect of information policy 191
11.4 Central government expenditure on the Health
Education Council, 1968 to 1986 197
Notes on the Contributors
Rob Baggott is Lecturer in Politics, Polytechnic of Leicester, and was
Research Fellow, ESRC Addiction Research Centre, University of
Hull, 198J--6.
Virginia Berridge is Deputy Director, AIDS Social History Group,
Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, University of London.
Marcus Grant is Senior Scientist, Division of Mental Health, World
Health Organisation, Geneva.
Christine Godfrey is Research Fellow, Centre for Health Economics,
University of York, and was Research Fellow, ESRC Addiction
Research Centre, University of York, 1983-8.
Michael Gossop is Director of Research, Drug Dependence Unit,
Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, Kent.
Larry Harrison is Lecturer in Social Work and Addictions, Depart
ment of Social Policy and Professional Studies, University of Hull,
and was Research Fellow, ESRC Addiction Research Centre, Uni
versity of Hull, 1983-8.
Keith Hartley is Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute
for Research in the Social Sciences, University of York, and was
Associate, ESRC Addiction Research Centre, University of York,
1983-8.
Ray J. Hodgson is Head of the Clinical Psychology Service, South
Glamorgan Health Authority, and Honorary Professor of Clinical
Psychology, University of Wales Institution of Science and Techno
logy, Cardiff.
Alan Maynard is Professor of Economics and Director of the Centre
for Health Economics, University of York, and was Co-Director of
the ESRC Addiction Research Centre, University of York, 1983-8.
IX