Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

376 Pages·2003·4.77 MB·English

by  Roger W. Haines, Douglas C Hittle (auth.)

CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR
HEATING, VENTILATING,
AND AIR CONDITIONING
SIXTH EDITION
CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR
HEATING, VENTILATING,
AND AIR CONDITIONING
SIXTH EDITION
Roger W. Haines
Consultant
Laguna Woods, CA
Douglas C. Hittle
Director, Solar Energy Applications Laboratory
Colorado State Universiw
Ft. Collins, CO
-
Springer
Roger W. Haines
Consultant
Laguna Woods, CA
Douglas C Hittle
Director, Solar Energy Applications Laboratory
Colorado State University
Ft. Collins, CO
Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, Sixth Edition
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005936096
ISBN 0-387-30521-1 e-ISBN 0-387-30633-1
ISBN 978-0-387-30521-9
Printed on acid-free paper.
First Softcover Edition ©2006
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without
the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring
Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or
scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval,
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even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to
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Printed in the United States of America.
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Contents
Contents
README first please
Chapter 1 Control Theory and Terminology
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 WHAT IS "CONTROL"?
1.3 ELEMENTARY CONTROL SYSTEM
1.4 PURPOSES OF CONTROL
1.5 CONTROL ACTION
1.6 ENERGY SOURCES FOR CONTROL
SYSTEMS
1.7 MEASUREMENT
1.8 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1.9 PSYCHROMETRICS
1.10 RELATIONSHIPS
1.11 SUMMARY
Chapter 2 Pneumatic Control Devices
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 PNEUMATIC CONTROL DEVICES
2.3 CONTROL CABINETS
2.4 AIR SUPPLY
Chapter 3 Electric and Electronic Control
Devices
3.1 ELECTRIC CONTROL DEVICES
3.2 ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICES
vi Contents
Chapter 4 Fluidic Control Devices
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 WALL ATTACHMENT DEVICES
4.3 TURBULENCE AMPLIFIERS
4.4 VORTEX AMPLIFIERS
4.5 RADIAL JET AMPLIFIER
4.6 FLUIDIC TRANSDUCERS
4.7 MANUAL SWITCHES
Chapter 5 Flow Control Devices
5.1 DAMPERS
5.2 STEAM AND WATER FLOW
CONTROL VALVES
Chapter 6 Elementary Control Systems
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 OUTSlDE AIR CONTROLS
6.3 AIR STRATIFICATION
6.4 HEATING
6.5 COOLING COILS
6.6 HUMIDITY CONTROL
6.7 DEHUMIDIFIERS
6.8 STATIC PRESSURE CONTROL
6.9 ELECTRIC HEAT
6.10 GAS-FIRED HEATERS
6.11 OIL-FIRED HEATERS
6.12 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT
6.13 FIRE AND SMOKE CONTROL
6.14 ELECTRICAL INTERLOCKS
6.15 LOCATION OF SENSORS
6.16 SUMMARY
Chapter 7 Complete Control Systems
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 SINGLE-ZONE SYSTEMS
7.3 MULTIZONE AIR HANDLING
SYSTEMS
DUAL-DUCT SYSTEMS
Contents vii
7.5 VARIABLE-VOLUME SYSTEMS
7.6 REHEAT SYSTEMS
7.7 HEAT RECLAIM
7.8 FAN-COIL UNITS
7.9 INDUCTION SYSTEMS
7.10 UNIT VENTILATORS
7.11 PACKAGED EQUIPMENT
7.12 OTHER PACKAGED EQUIPMENT
7.13 RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING
7.14 RADIATORS AND CONVECTORS
7.15 HEAT EXCHANGERS
7.16 SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING
SYSTEMS
7.17 SUMMARY
Chapter 8 Electric Control Systems
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 ELECTRIC CONTROL DIAGRAMS
8.3 ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF A
CHILLER
8.4 ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF AN AIR
HANDLING UNIT
8.5 EXAMPLE: A TYPICAL SMALL AIR-
CONDITIONING SYSTEM
8.6 ELECTRIC HEATERS
8.7 REDUCED-VOLTAGE STARTERS
8.8 MULTISPEED STARTERS
8.9 VARIABLE SPEED CONTROLLERS
8.10 SUMMARY
Chapter 9 Special Control
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 CLOSE TEMPERATURE AND/OR
HUMIDITY CONTROL
9.3 CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT
ROOMS FOR TESTING
9.4 SUMMARY
viii Contents
Chapter 10 Digital and Supervisory Control
Systems
10.1 INTRODUCTION
HARD-WIRED SYSTEMS
MULTIPLEXING SYSTEMS
COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS FOR
MONITORING AND CONTROL
BENEFITS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
TRAINING FOR MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATION
SUMMARY
Chapter 11 Psychrometrics
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 PSYCHROMETRIC PROPERTIES
11.3 PSYCHROMETRlC TABLES
11.4 PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS
11.5 PROCESSES ON THE
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
HVAC CYCLES ON THE CHART
IMPOSSIBLE PROCESSES
EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE
SUMMARY
Chapter 12 Central Plant Pumping and
Distribution Systems
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY
CONSTANT FLOW SYSTEMS
VARIABLE FLOW SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
BUILDING INTERFACES
SUMMARY
Contents ix
Chapter 13 Retrofit of Existing Control
Systems 315
13.1 INTRODUCTION 315
13.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 315
13.3 DISCRIMINATORS 316
13.4 CONTROL MODES 3 16
13.5 ECONOMY CYCLE CONTROLS 3 16
13.6 SINGLE-ZONESYSTEMS 3 16
13.7 REHEAT SYSTEMS 3 17
13.8 MULTIZONE SYSTEMS 320
13.9 DUAL-DUCT SYSTEMS 323
13.10 SYSTEMS WITH HUMIDITY CONTROL 328
13.1 1 CONTROL VALVES AND PUMPING
ARRANGEMENTS 329
13.12 SUMMARY 33 1
Chapter 14 Dynamic Response and Tuning 332
14.1 INTRODUCTION 332
14.2 DYNAMIC RESPONSE 333
14.3 TUNING HVAC CONTROL LOOPS 334
14.4 SUMMARY 342
Bibliography 343
Abbreviations Used in This Book 348
Symbols Used in This Book 349
Index 359
README first, please
This book is intended to provide guidance to engineers who are
designing controls for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
(HVAC) systems and to those who maintain and trouble shoot these
systems.
Since our last edition, the industry has seen a major transition from
analog pneumatic control to digital electronic control. New systems
are often a mix of digital controllers with pneumatic actuation,
especially if big valves or damper actuators are involved.
Simultaneously, all electronic systems have piggy backed on the ever
expanding networking technology in buildings (and beyond) and offer
expanded control options. We have tried to highlight this in a revised
chapter 10.
Designers of new systems are referred to chapters 6,7, and 10.
Another issue of heightend concern is indoor air quality. Chapter 6
discusses how outdoor air control can insure that the requirements of
ASHRAE Standard 62 can be met.
Achieving good environmental control in buildings requires a well
designed and comrnisssioned HVAC system. The control system
makes or breaks the design. We hope our book will provide useful
information to practioners, especially those new to our profession.