Contributions to Location Analysis: In Honor of Zvi Drezner’s 75th Birthday PDF
Preview Contributions to Location Analysis: In Honor of Zvi Drezner’s 75th Birthday
International Series in Operations Research & Management Science H. A. Eiselt Vladimir Marianov E ditors Contributions to Location Analysis In Honor of Zvi Drezner’s 75th Birthday International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Volume 281 SeriesEditor CamilleC.Price DepartmentofComputerScience,StephenF.AustinStateUniversity, Nacogdoches,TX,USA AssociateEditor JoeZhu FoisieBusinessSchool,WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,Worcester,MA,USA FoundingEditor FrederickS.Hillier StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6161 H. A. Eiselt • Vladimir Marianov Editors Contributions to Location Analysis In Honor of Zvi Drezner’s 75th Birthday 123 Editors H.A.Eiselt VladimirMarianov FacultyofManagement DepartmentofElectricalEngineering UniversityofNewBrunswick PontificiaUniversidadCatólicadeChile Fredericton,NB,Canada ComplexEngineeringSystemsInstitute Santiago,Chile ISSN0884-8289 ISSN2214-7934 (electronic) InternationalSeriesinOperationsResearch&ManagementScience ISBN978-3-030-19110-8 ISBN978-3-030-19111-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19111-5 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Tammy&ZviDrezner©2008H.A.Eiselt FewresearcherscanbeconsideredasinfluentialinseveralfieldsasZviDrezner. In his main field of contributions, location theory, he is probably one of the most prolificauthors.Inhis75thyear,someofhiscoauthorsandfriendsconsideredhim deserving of a book that synthesizes some of his contributions and highlight their importance for different fields. Not less relevant is his work with colleagues and students. He has collaborated with most researchers in the facility location field and has taught numerous students that now follow his path. As a matter of fact, following the nomenclature for the followers of the famous mathematician, who obtaintheso-calledErdösnumbers,wewouldliketointroduce“Dreznernumbers.” ADreznernumberissimplythenumberofconnectionsneededtoconnectoneself withZvi,giventhateachconnectionisascientificpaper.Inotherwords,someone whocoauthoredapaperwithZviwillhaveaDreznernumberof1,somebodywho v vi Preface wroteapaperwithsomeonewhoisamongZvi’scoauthors,hasaDreznernumber of 2, and so forth. The two editors of this book are both proud to have a Drezner numberof1.Thenagain,giventhe“sixdegreesofseparation”andthefactthatZvi isaveryprolificwriter,thismaynotbetoosurprising. Other than Zvi’s academic achievements, which we will discuss below, the birthday boy is also a character, something rare in this increasingly standardized world. Some years ago, one of us was invited to his and his wife Tammy’s home. Theywereverynicetopickusupatourhotelandgetusback.Thewaybackturned out to be a lot longer. The reason was not the usual Los Angeles traffic, but when theygotustoourhotel,wesatforatleastanhourinthecarenjoyingtheirrepertoire ofJewishjokes.Thatalonemadeforawonderfulevening.WealsolearnedwhyZvi is so prolific. As most of his work involve heuristic algorithms and computational testing, he had five computers running in parallel on different problems, crushing numbers,andpreparingnewpublications.Oneofthosecomputerswasinthetrunk ofthecar,makingthedailycommutealotmoreproductivethanmostofuswillever be.That’ssomethingtothinkabout.Wedidanotherpieceofeducationthenextday. ZviandTammytookustoaNeiman-Marcusstore,wheretheyshowedusapurse, suggesting this would be a great gift for my wife. I had to pass, though, as $5000 pursesarenotonmylistofthingstoget.OnlyinCalifornia,Iguess. Backtocomputationsandheuristics.Apparently,humorisinthebloodinallof Zvi’sfamily.IdistinctlyrecalltheEuropeanWorkingGrouponLocationmeeting inBarcelonain2000,whenZvi’swife,Tammy,presentedaworkbybothofthem on genetic algorithms. They had introduced different genders in their algorithm, which apparently worked out well computationally. Tammy commented that with thewords(atruism,Iguess)that“apparently,itmakessensetohavesex.”Thereis nothingwecanaddtothat. AnotheramazingfactisZvi’sabilitytopull“well-known”factsfromgeometry, trigonometry,andotherfieldsoutofahat,wheneverneeded.IremembertellingZvi about one of the problems I was working on. He listened, and when I was done, hesaidsomethinglike“oh,that!”Thisremindedmeofthewell-publicizedepisode of young G. B. Dantzig, who told John von Neumann about his results on linear programmingduality,whichapparentlysparkedthesameresponse. ItwouldbeexceedinglydifficulttopinpointZvi’smajorcontribution;also,this is a highly personal assessment. To us, his 1982 paper in Regional Science and UrbanEconomics,probablythefirststeptowardcompetitivelocationmodelsbyan operationsresearcher,willcertainlybeveryclosetothetopofthelist.Themerging process for the quadratic assignment problem in his 2003 paper in INFORMS Journal on Computing was a breakthrough in developing heuristics for quadratic assignmentandotherlocationproblems.The2004paperonthe“BigTriangleSmall Triangle”methodcoauthoredwithAtsuoSuzukiinOperationsResearchhadmany follow-ups. It would be impossible to include all Zvi’s work or the impact he has had on otherresearchersinasinglebook. WeknowthatZviisknowledgeableinmanyfields,butwethoughtitwouldbe an excellent idea if we let him write about the topic he must know most about: Preface vii his own achievements. He has summarized them in the first chapter of this book. Starting with the story of how he received his degree, we learn about his first paper in 1962 (many of those who have followed in his footsteps and are now active in the field were not even born then!) in the Astronomer’s Bulletin, a story vaguelyreminiscentofVarignonandhisgnomonics.ThisisfollowedbyZvi’sreally impressive curriculum vitae and some inspiring thoughts regarding teaching the subject. RichardL.ChurchhasafreshlookattheWeberproblem.Hedoesawaywiththe usualviewofWeber’scontribution,whichlooksnotsomuchasWeber’sbookbut asGeorgPick’smathematicalappendix,basedonLaunhard’swork.Itturnsoutthat whileWeberdescribesaverysimpleprototypeofalocationproblemthatgoeslittle beyondtheusualFermatandTorricellimodels,hisactualdiscussionisaboutmuch morecomplexproblems,anumberofwhichsometimesarereferredtobysomeof hislatter-daysuccessorsas“generalizationsofthestandardWeberproblem,”even thoughtheywerealreadydescribedbyWeber. Jack Brimberg and Said Salhi investigate p-median problems in continuous space.BasedonCooper’soriginallocation—allocationmethod—theyfirstreviewa number of heuristic algorithms based on Cooper’s contribution, followed by the introduction of a number of refinements. New algorithms, such as a depth-first search method and a decomposition technique, are described, and computational resultsareoffered. AtsuoSuzuki’smaininterestconcernsWeberproblems,andhiscontributionin this book is a Weber problem with a new twist. In particular, the piece discusses a Weber problem on the sphere. The applications of such problems are found on locations on a global scale. The formulation of this problem turns out to have a nonconvexobjective.Asaresult,theusualWeiszfeldalgorithmwillnotnecessarily find an optimal solution. He employs a version of the big triangle-small triangle method,developedbyZviDreznerandtheauthor. Anita Schoebel’s work is on well-known continuous locations but with the additional twist that the single new facility has to have integer coordinates. The applications of this problem are found in robust decision-making. Her paper delineatesfinitedominatingsetsforproblemswith(cid:2)1,(cid:2)2,and(cid:2)∞distances. The chapter by George Wesolowsky also looks at the Weber problem with particular focus on the many papers he and Zvi have written together on the subject. This includes the usual minisum problem, continuous location problems with minimax and maximin objectives (the latter in case of undesirable facilities), coveringmodels,hubproblems,aswellasdifferentsolutionapproaches,including trajectorymethodsandaDemjanov-stylealgorithm. MozartMenezes’sworkdealwithvotingmethods,“wisdomofthecrowd,”and Condorcet points. In location and voting problems, he explores relations between WebersolutionsandCondorcetpointsandconductsnumericalexperimentsregard- ing the computation of Condorcet points for problems with Euclidean distances. He uses the notion of a “benevolent dictator” to examine the relative efficiency of Condorcetsolutions. viii Preface TalyDrezner,ascientistinbiogeography,discussesheuristicsinherpaperwitha focusongeneticalgorithms.Herpieceonbiologicalprinciplesingeneticalgorithms withmaleandfemalesubsetsisanoriginalwork.Shesubsequentlydescribessome statisticaltestsdevelopedtoverifycomputationalresults. Inherpaper,SibelAlumurreviewsavarietyofhublocationandrelatedproblems under special consideration of Zvi Drezner’s contributions to the individual field. Besideshublocationproblems,sheincludesroundtriplocationproblems,transfer point location problems, and collection depot location problems. Each of the problems is formulated, and the impact of Zvi’s work on the specific field is highlighted. Tammy Drezner, best known for her work on attraction functions, presents thoughts and results in her contribution to this book. Defining the concept of attractiveness, she first addresses distance decay and different attraction func- tions. She then explores different extensions, e.g., budget constraints, lost demand (nonessential goods), and solution concepts (e.g.,von Stackelberg’s famed leader- followermodel)alongwithproperties,suchastheconsistencyofrules.Someresults concerningsolutiontechniquesfinishherchapter. Pawel Kalczynski’s contribution concerns competitive location models in the planethatarebasedontheconceptofcovering.Hedelineatesspheresofinfluence, defines purchasing power, and formulates a competitive model based on covering ideas.Leader-followeralgorithmsandheuristicsareofferedalongsidewithbounds andcomputationalexperience. XinandWangexaminealocationproblemwithamedianobjective,inwhichthe weights,representingthecustomers,arerandom.Theauthorsconsiderproblems,in which a “value-at-risk” constraint has been added. They develop an algorithm for theproblem,whichtheyillustratebymeansofanumericalexample. ThelastchapterinthisbookbyDawitZeromisdifferentfromtheothers,inthat itdealswithanewstatisticaldistribution,viz.,thebivariateexponentialdistribution anditsproperties,whichheandZvidevelopedtogether.Wearegladtoincludethis work, as it is one of the many examples in which Zvi has gone beyond location modelsandshownthatheis,indeed,atrueRenaissanceman. Last,butcertainlynotleast,wewouldliketoexpressourthankstotheSpringer staff,whoweregreatasusual:CamillePriceforsnuckeringusintoputtingtogether another book; Matthew Amboy, Neil Levine, and Faith Su for supporting us all the way and facilitating the process; as well as Aparajita Srivastava and Christine Criglerinproduction.AllthatisleftforustodoistowavetoZvi(and,ofcourse, Tammy)andwishthemmanyhappyreturnsandmanymorepapers. Professor Marianov acknowledges the support by grant FONDECYT 1160025 and by the Complex Engineering Systems Institute through grant CONICYT PIA FB0816. Fredericton,NB,Canada H.A.Eiselt Santiago,Chile VladimirMarianov February2019 Contents 1 MyCareerandContributions............................................. 1 ZviDrezner 2 UnderstandingtheWeberLocationParadigm.......................... 69 RichardL.Church 3 A General Framework for Local Search Applied totheContinuousp-MedianProblem.................................... 89 J.BrimbergandS.Salhi 4 Big Triangle Small Triangle Method for the Weber ProblemontheSphere..................................................... 109 AtsuoSuzuki 5 IntegerLocationProblems ................................................ 125 AnitaSchöbel 6 ContinuousLocationProblems ........................................... 147 GeorgeO.Wesolowsky 7 VotingforLocatingFacilities:TheWisdomofVoters.................. 169 MozartB.C.Menezes 8 Neighbourhood Reduction in Global and Combinatorial Optimization:TheCaseofthep-CentreProblem ...................... 195 SaidSalhiandJackBrimberg 9 InnovationsinStatisticalAnalysisandGeneticAlgorithms........... 221 TalyDawnDrezner 10 HubLocationandRelatedModels ....................................... 237 SibelA.Alumur ix
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