C C o n t i n u i t y o n t i n n o vat i o n in & u i t y Canadian Families in the new millennium & i n n o v Amber GAzso a t KAren KobAyAshi i o n C o n t i n u i t y A m b e i n n o vat i o n r & G A z s o Canadian Families in the new millennium K A r e n K o b A y A s h i nelson.com ISBN-13: 978-0-17-659349-0 ISBN-10: 0-17-659349-7 9 780176 593490 CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION CANADIAN FAMILIES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 1 10/9/17 4:18 PM Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 2 10/9/17 4:18 PM CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION CANADIAN FAMILIES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM Amber Gazso York University Karen Kobayashi University of Victoria Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 3 10/9/17 4:18 PM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. 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Continuity and Innovation: Canadian Families in the New Millennium by Amber Gazso and Karen Kobayashi Vice President, Product Solutions: Copy Editor: Cover Design: Claudine O’Donnell Kate Revington Jennifer Stimson Publisher, Digital and Print Content: Proofreader: Cover Image: Leanna MacLean SPi Global Clockwise from top left: Michael Berman/Getty Images; Marketing Manager: Indexer: kavardakova_a/Thinkstock; Steve Claire Varley SPi Global Baccon/Getty Images; Mega- press / Alamy Stock Photo; szefei/ Content Manager: Design Director: Shutterstock; Hero Images/Getty Theresa Fitzgerald Ken Phipps Images; Monkey Business Images/ Photo and Permissions Researcher: Higher Education Design PM: Getty Images; Dragon Images/ Marc-André Brouillard Pamela Johnston Shutterstock Production Project Manager: Interior Design: Compositor: Jennifer Hare Jennifer Stimson SPi Global Production Service: SPi Global COPYRIGHT © 2018, by Nelson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of Library and Archives Canada Education Ltd. this work covered by the copyright Cataloguing in Publication Data herein may be reproduced, tran- Printed and bound in Canada scribed, or used in any form or by Gazso, Amber, 1976-, author 1 2 3 4 20 19 18 17 any means—graphic, electronic, or Continuity and innovation : For more information contact mechanical, including photocopying, Canadian families in the new millen- Nelson Education Ltd., recording, taping, Web distribution, nium / Amber Gazso (York Univer- 1120 Birchmount Road, Toronto, or information storage and retrieval sity), Karen Kobayashi (University of Ontario, M1K 5G4. Or you can visit systems—without the written Victoria). our Internet site at permission of the publisher. Includes bibliographical references nelson.com For permission to use material from and index. Cognero and Full-Circle Assess- this text or product, submit Issued in print and electronic formats. ment are registered trademarks of all requests online at ISBN 978-0-17-659349-0 (softcover). Madeira Station LLC. cengage.com/permissions. —ISBN 978-0-17-682637-6 (PDF) Further questions about permissions can be emailed to 1. Families—Canada—Textbooks. [email protected] 2. Textbooks. I. Kobayashi, Karen Midori, 1967-, author II. Title. Every effort has been made to trace ownership of all copyrighted mate- HQ1064.C2G39 2017 306.850971 rial and to secure permission from C2017-905797-9 copyright holders. In the event of C2017-905798-7 any question arising as to the use of any material, we will be pleased to ISBN-13: 978-0-17-659349-0 make the necessary corrections in ISBN-10: 0-17-659349-7 future printings. Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 4 10/9/17 4:18 PM For sociologists of the family, past, present, and future Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 5 10/9/17 4:18 PM Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 6 10/9/17 4:18 PM BRIEF CONTENTS Preface xv Acknowledgments xx About the Contributors xxi PART 1 FOUNDATIONS 1 1 FAMILIES AS WE KNOW AND HAVE KNOWN THEM 3 Amber Gazso and Karen Kobayashi 2 THEORIZING AND RESEARCHING FAMILY 14 Amber Gazso and Karen Kobayashi PART 2 FAMILY FORMATIONS AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS 29 3 SEEKING INTIMACY, FORMING FAMILIES 31 Sarah Knudson 4 LIVING ARRANGEMENTS 48 Karen Kobayashi and Mushira Mohsin Khan PART 3 SURVIVING AND THRIVING 63 5 THE OUTCOMES OF INCOMES: FAMILY INSECURITY OR SECURITY IN INSECURE TIMES 65 Kate Bezanson 6 MANAGING LOW INCOME IN FAMILIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONS AND INTERACTIONS 80 Ingrid Waldron and Amber Gazso PART 4 PATTERNS OF INDIGENEITY AND (IM)MIGRATION 97 7 INDIGENOUS FAMILIES: MIGRATION, RESISTANCE, AND RESILIENCE 99 Angele Alook 8 IMMIGRANT FAMILIES AND CANADA’S CHANGING ETHNO-RACIAL DIVERSITY 113 Mushira Mohsin Khan PART 5 POWER AND RIGHTS 129 9 PAID AND UNPAID WORK: POWER, DIVISION, AND STRATEGIES 131 Glenn J. Stalker 10 WHEN ABUSE STRIKES AT HOME: FAMILIES AND VIOLENCE 147 Nancy Nason-Clark 11 (DE)COLONIZATION, RACIALIZATION, RACISM, AND CANADIAN FAMILIES: RELEARNING THROUGH STORYTELLING ABOUT LIVED EXPERIENCE 163 Wesley Crichlow PART 6 CARE WORK AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 181 12 FAMILIES CARING FOR CHILDREN IN THE 21ST CENTURY 183 Rachel Berman 13 CAREGIVING AND SUPPORT FOR OLDER ADULTS 199 Nancy Mandell and Vivian Stamatopoulos 14 FAMILIES EXPERIENCING DIS/ABILITY 216 Deborah Davidson and Nazilla Khanlou PART 7 DEEPENING CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION 233 15 “DOING FAMILY”: LENSES, PATTERNS, AND FUTURES 235 Anne Martin-Matthews Index 251 NEL vii Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 7 10/9/17 4:18 PM Copyright 2018 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 00_FM.indd 8 10/9/17 4:18 PM