Continuation or Change? Borders and Frontiers in Late Antiquity and Medieval Europe: Landscape of Power Network, Military Organisation, and Commerce PDF
Preview Continuation or Change? Borders and Frontiers in Late Antiquity and Medieval Europe: Landscape of Power Network, Military Organisation, and Commerce
CONTINUATION OR CHANGE? BORDERS AND FRONTIERS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE This volume examines interdisciplinary boundaries and includes texts focusing on material culture, philological analysis, and historical research. What they all have in common are zones that lie in between, treated not as mere barriers but also as places of exchange in the early Middle Ages. Focusing on borderlands, Continuation or Change uncovers the changing political and military organisations at the time and the signifcance of the functioning of former borderland areas. The chapters answer how the fscal and military apparatus were organised, identify the turning points in the division of dynastic power, and assign meaning to the assimilation of certain symbolic and ideological elements of the imperial tradition. Finally, the authors ofer answers to what exactly a “statehood without a state” was in regard to semi-peripheral and peripheral areas that were also perceived through the prism of the idea of a world system, network theory, or the concept of so-called negotiating borderlands. Continuation or Change is a useful resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in medieval warfare, Eastern European history, medieval border regions, and cross-cultural interaction. Gregory Leighton is NAWA Ulam Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of History and Archival Sciences, Nicholas Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Dr. Leighton studies the Teutonic Order and the Baltic crusades (13th–15th centuries). He has published in The Journal of Medieval History, Zapiski Historyczne, and other leading periodicals. His frst monograph will appear with ARC Humanities Press in 2022. Łukasz Różycki is Professor of History at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. His main research interests include the study of Roman and Byzantine theory of warfare, with a particular focus on military treatises, and the study of the 6th century. He is the author of a number of books – most recently Battlefeld Emotions in Late Antiquity (2021) – and articles related to the study of late antiquity and the history of the Byzantine Empire. Piotr Pranke is an assistant professor who deals with the history of medieval Scandinavia and Central and Eastern Europe, and is a member of the Faculty of Historical Sciences at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. His scientifc interests include the history of trade in the Viking era and the history of the Otton Empire and its infuence on the shaping of the areas of “younger Europe”. His most recent book publication is Medieval Trade in Central Europe, Scandinavia, and the Balkans (2020). CONTINUATION OR CHANGE? BORDERS AND FRONTIERS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE Landscape of Power Network, Military Organisation, and Commerce Edited by Gregory Leighton, Łukasz Różycki, and Piotr Pranke Cover image: Two towers on the border of Estonia and Russia © Zoonar GmbH/Alamy Stock Photo First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Gregory Leighton, Łukasz Różycki, and Piotr Pranke; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Gregory Leighton, Łukasz Różycki, and Piotr Pranke to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Leighton, Gregory, editor, author. | Pranke, Piotr, editor, author. | Różycki, Łukasz, editor, author. Title: Continuation or change? Borders and frontiers in late antiquity and medieval Europe: landscape of power network, military organisation and commerce / Gregory Leighton, Piotr Pranke, Łukasz Różycki. Other titles: Borders and frontiers in late antiquity and medieval Europe: landscape of power network, military organisation and commerce Description: New York : Routledge, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifers: LCCN 2022012336 (print) | LCCN 2022012337 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032212821 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032212838 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003267638 (ebook) Classifcation: LCC D104 .C59 2023 (print) | LCC D104 (ebook) | DDC 911.4—dc23/eng/20220525 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022012336 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022012337 ISBN: 978-1-032-21282-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-21283-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-26763-8 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003267638 Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC CONTENTS List of fgures viii List of maps xi List of tables xii List of contributors xiii Introduction 1 1 Of beards and men: The archaeology of facial hair in the Carpathian Basin (6th–9th centuries) 3 Florin Curta and Robert Lierse 2 The Slavs and the conceptual Roman borderland in Macedonia 59 Mitko B. Panov 3 Imperial legacies and multiple borderlands: Was there an “Adrio-Byzantine” model of identity in the upper Adriatic? 81 Ivan Basić 4 Rulership, warfare and sacrality in medieval Central Europe 103 Dušan Zupka 5 The Danube River between Byzantium and nomadic confederations (Huns and Avars): The dual role of barrier and bridge 123 Georgios Kardaras vi Contents 6 At the gates of the empire: Organization of the Byzantine borderland in the context of early medieval Bulgaria 143 Kirił Marinow 7 Cross-border cooperation between Óláfr Haraldsson and the clan of Rǫgnvaldr Úlfsson 166 Maciej Lubik 8 The “barbarian” borderlands between East and West: The frst Piast dynasty as an organiser of interregional trade – a comparative approach 179 Piotr Pranke 9 Polish Piast rulers and the prayers of monastic communities 197 Piotr Oliński 10 Public Military Service of Bishops in the Piast Monarchy (Twelfth to Early Thirteenth Centuries) 206 Radosław Kotecki 11 Confict and Contact Zone: The Lower Middle Elbe (Northern Germany) as a Border in the Carolingian and Ottonian Periods 238 Felix Biermann 12 Who are you calling peripheral? The creation of Piast central power, on the example of the Lednica settlement complex 265 Andrzej Pydyn and Konrad Lewek 13 Discovering traces of possible early frst millennium ad Nordic settlements in the lower Vistula River Basin: Interdisciplinary archeological research at the site in Osie, northern Poland 275 Mateusz Sosnowski, Jerzy Czerniec, Paulina Lewińska, Krystian Kozioł, Stanisław Szombara, and Olaf Popkiewicz 14 A time of change: Puck harbour in the context of the growth of the early Piast monarchy 284 Mateusz Popek Contents vii 15 Between the world of Christians and Pagans: Galician- Volhynian Rus’ towards Lithuania in the 13th century 296 Dariusz Dąbrowski 16 Foundations, frontiers, and sacral history in Peter von Dusburg’s Chronicon terre Prussie (c. 1326) 316 Gregory Leighton 17 Tribute as a political instrument in the borderlands: The example of the “tribute of Dorpat” 336 Dmitriy Weber Index 343 FIGURES 1.1 Tamási (Hungary), grave 34 – plan and selected grave goods: razor, bronze ring, arrowheads, and fint steel. 7 1.2 Pohansko (Czech Republic), grave 375 in the cemetery by the Magnate Court – plan and selected grave goods: razor, battle axe, and spurs. 11 1.3 Pohansko (Czech Republic), grave 120 in the cemetery by the Magnate Court – plan and selected grave goods: razor and spurs. 12 1.4 Mikulčice (Czech Republic), grave 553 in the cemetery by the three-aisled basilica – plan and selected grave goods: battle axe, spur, and razor. 13 1.5 Pohansko (Czech Republic), grave 174 in the cemetery by the Magnate Court – plan and selected grave goods: sword, fint steel, battle axe, spurs, fint stones, awl, and razors. 14 1.6 Pohansko (Czech Republic), grave 65 in the cemetery by the Magnate Court – plan and selected grave goods: razor and sword. 15 1.7 Kašić (Croatia), grave 47 – plan and grave goods: razor and seax. 16 1.8 Lužice (Czech Republic), grave 66 – plan and selected grave goods: arrowheads, fint steel and small fragments of iron artifacts, and tweezers. 17 1.9 Lužice – cemetery plan with the distribution of tweezers. 18 1.10 Szentendre (Hungary), grave 25 – plan and selected grave goods: tweezers, fint stones and fint steel, sword, fragment of a silver mirror, and spearhead. 19 1.11 Szentendre – cemetery plan with the distribution of tweezers. 20 1.12 Tamási (Hungary), grave 39 – plan and selected grave goods: spearhead, belt buckle, fint steel and awl, comb, and tweezers. 22 1.13 Tamási – cemetery plan with the distribution of tweezers. 23 Figures ix 1.14 The distribution of tweezers in the Carpathian Basin and the surrounding regions during the 6th century. 24 1.15 Hajdúszoboszló (Hungary), male grave – plan and selected grave goods: spearheads, tweezers (with two rusted rings attached), sword, and shield boss. 25 1.16 Sady – cemetery plan with the distribution of razors. 32 1.17 Pohansko (Czech Republic), Magnate Court – cemetery plan with the distribution of razors. 33 1.18 Pohansko (Czech Republic), grave 280 in the cemetery by the Magnate Court – plan and selected grave goods: razor, fint steel, spurs, and fint stone. 34 1.19 The distribution of tweezers in the Carpathian Basin and the surrounding regions during the Avar Age (late 6th to late 8th centuries). 36 1.20 The distribution of razors in the Carpathian Basin and the surrounding regions during the 9th century. 37 11.1 View along the Elbe to the north towards Magdeburg Cathedral. In the area of the cathedral was the early medieval fortifcation (photo O. Cleynen). 242 11.2 View from the Havelberg city island, where the centre of the Slavic settlement agglomeration was located, to the “Domberg” with the Romanesque cathedral (photo by the author). 243 11.3 View from the Slavic ringfort Lenzen-Neuehaus westwards to the Höhbeck mountain range. The early medieval strongholds “Vietzer Schanze” and “Schwedenschanze” are located to the right of the transmitter masts in the forest (photo by the author). 246 11.4 View from the “Vietzer Schanze” on the Höhbeck across the Elbe (photo by the author). 246 11.5 Digital terrain model of the rectangular “Vietzer Schanze” (Geobasis-DE/LGB, processing by the author). 247 11.6 The stronghold of Lenzen-Neuehaus, reconstruction view in the second main phase around 900 (drawing O. Blum, after Biermann/Kieseler 2021: 142, fg. 120). 247 11.7 The stronghold of Lenzersilge, reconstruction view around 830 (drawing O. Blum, after Biermann/Kieseler 2021: 141, Fig. 118). 248 11.8 The ringfort of Ottersburg, aerial view from the the north with an excavation trench, 2008 (photo E. Risch, after Biermann 2016a: 315, Fig. 7). 249 11.9 Reconstruction view of the castle on the “Weinberg” near Hitzacker (drawing W. Sättler, after Wachter 1998: 62, Fig. 60). 250 11.10 View to the north on Arneburg. The stronghold is located on the hill in front of the church (photo G. Tschuch). 252 11.11 Ottersburg, ringfort, rampart extension of the 920s, a paddle in the moat (photo by the author, after Biermann 2016a: 336, Fig. 25). 253
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