Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health: Global perspectives in a changing society

586 Pages·2009·5.485 MB·English

by  Helen Herrman(eds.)

Contemporary Topics
in Women’s Mental
Health
Contemporary Topics in Women’s Mental Health: Global perspectives in a changing society
Edited by P. S. Chandra, H. Herrman, J. Fisher, M. Kastrup, U. Niaz, M. B. Rondón and A. Okasha
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-75411-5
Contemporary Topics in
Women’s Mental Health
Global perspectives in a changing society
Editors
Prabha S. Chandra
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and
Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
Helen Herrman
Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia
Jane Fisher
Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society, The University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Marianne Kastrup
Psychiatric Department Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Unaiza Niaz
The Psychiatric Clinic & Stress Research Center, Karachi, Pakistan; The
University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Marta B. Rondo´n
Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
Ahmed Okasha
Institute of Psychiatry, Ains Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Contemporarytopicsinwomen’smentalhealth:globalperspectivesina
changingsociety/editors,PrabhaS.Chandra...[etal.].
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN978-0-470-75411-5(cloth)
1. Women–Mentalhealth. 2. Women–Mentalhealth–Socialaspects. 3.
Mentallyillwomen. I.Chandra,PrabhaS.
[DNLM: 1. MentalDisorders. 2. Women’sHealth. 3. Interpersonal
Relations. 4. Women’sHealthServices–ethics. WM140C76132009]
RC451.4.W6C6732009
(cid:2)
362.196890082–dc22
2009021622
ISBN978-0-470-75411-5
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Setin10.5/12.5Minion-RegularbyLaserwordsPrivateLtd,Chennai,India.
PrintedinSingaporebyMarkonoPte.Ltd
FirstImpression2009
CoverillustrationandArtWorkbyMeghanaS.Chandra
Contents
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
List of Contributors xix
SECTION 1 Current themes in psychiatric disorders among
women 1
AhmedOkasha andPrabhaS.Chandra
1. Psychotic disorders and bipolar affective disorder 9
RangaswamyTharaandRamachandranPadmavati
1.1 Psychoticdisordersinwomen 9
1.2 Schizophrenia 10
1.3 Bipolardisorder 17
1.4 Otherpsychoses 25
1.5 Specialissuesinwomenwithseverementalillness 27
2. Depression and anxiety among women 37
NadiaKadriandKhadijaMchichiAlami
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Epidemiology 37
2.3 Transculturalaspectsofaffectivedisturbancesinsub-SaharanAfrica 41
2.4 Treatmenteffects 42
2.5 Sexdifferencesindepressionandanxietydisorders:Biological
determinants 44
2.6 Sexdifferencesindepressionandanxietydisorders:Socialfactors 46
2.7 Moodandanxietydisordersacrosslifespaninwomen 50
2.8 Pregnancy 52
2.9 Motherhood 53
2.10 Conclusion 55
vi CONTENTS
3. Somatisation and dissociation 65
SantoshK.ChaturvediandRaviPhilipRajkumar
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Somatisation–definitionsandconcept 66
3.3 Dissociation–definitionsandconcept 66
3.4 Thediagnosisandclassificationofsomatoformanddissociative
disorders 68
3.5 Theneurobiologyofsomatisationanddissociation 70
3.6 Psychosocialfactors 74
3.7 Conversiondisorder 81
3.8 Hypochondriasis 83
3.9 Dissociativedisorders 85
3.10 Conclusions 88
4. Eating disorders 97
SarvathAbbasandRobertL.Palmer
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Riskfactorsandpathogenesis 98
4.3 Distribution 100
4.4 Presentation,assessment,diagnosisandengagement 100
4.5 Treatmentandmanagement 104
4.6 Conclusion 111
5. Suicidality in women 117
Gergo¨ HadlaczkyandDanutaWasserman
5.1 Definitions 117
5.2 Epidemiology 118
5.3 Suicidalityandmentaldisordersandrisk 126
5.4 Suicideprevention 129
6. Alcohol and substance abuse 139
FlorenceBaingana
6.1 Introduction 139
6.2 Geneticsofalcoholanddrugabuse 140
6.3 Burdenoftheproblemandpatternsofdrinking 140
6.4 Alcoholanddrugabuse,riskysexualbehaviourandHIVvulnerability 141
6.5 Stigma,womenandalcoholanddrugabuse 143
6.6 Healthconsequences 143
6.7 Socialandeconomicconsequences 143
6.8 Interventions 144
6.9 Challenges 145
CONTENTS vii
6.10 Research 145
6.11 Recommendations 145
6.12 Conclusions 146
7. Psychiatric consequences of trauma in women 149
ElieG.Karam,MarianaM.SalamounandSalimEl-Sabbagh
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 Whattypesoftraumataaremorecommonamongwomen? 150
7.3 Howdowomenrespondtotrauma? 154
7.4 Whatarethetraumarelatedriskfactors? 156
7.5 Whichmentaldisordersarerelatedtotrauma? 159
7.6 Futuredirections 164
8. Voices of consumers – women with mental illness share
their experiences 169
ShobaRaja
8.1 ‘NiTagibebu’–‘Iwillchangemylifestyle’ 169
8.2 Determinedtogoagainsttheodds 173
8.3 Brilliantmadness–anarrativebyayoungwomanfromIndia
whoisrecoveringfrommentalillness 177
8.4 Fromillnesstopurposeandrecovery... 180
8.5 Conclusions 186
SECTION 2 The interface between reproductive health
and psychiatry 189
PrabhaS.Chandra
9. Mental health aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and the
postpartum period 197
JaneFisher,MeenaCabraldeMelloandTakashiIzutsu
9.1 Mentalhealthandmaternalmortality 198
9.2 Mentalhealthandantenatalmorbidity 200
9.3 Depressioninpregnancy 200
9.4 Anxietyinpregnancy 201
9.5 Culturalpreferencesandmentalhealthinpregnancy 202
9.6 Inflictedviolenceandmentalhealthinpregnancy 203
9.7 Mentalhealthandpostpartummorbidity 203
9.8 Postpartumbluesormildtransientmooddisturbance 204
9.9 Postpartumpsychoticillness 204
9.10 Postpartumdepression 205
viii CONTENTS
9.11 Psychosocialriskfactorsforpostpartumdepression 206
9.12 Infantfactorsandmaternalmentalhealth 208
9.13 Culturalspecificityofpostpartummooddisturbance 208
9.14 Maternalmentalhealth,infantdevelopmentandthe
mother-infantrelationship 210
9.15 Preventionandtreatmentofmaternalmentalhealthproblems 212
9.16 Summary 213
10. Psychosocial issues and reproductive health conditions:
An interface 227
VeenaA.Satyanarayana,GeethaDesaiandPrabhaS.Chandra
10.1 Introduction 227
10.2 Infertility–apsychosocialappraisal 228
10.3 Thepsychologicalimplicationsofhysterectomy 235
10.4 Gynaecologicalinfections 238
10.5 Conclusions 245
11. Menopause and women’s mental health: The need for
a multidimensional approach 259
JillAstbury
11.1 Introduction 259
11.2 Social,culturalandcontextualfactors 260
11.3 Variationinsymptomsandsymptompatterns 260
11.4 Theresearchevidence 264
11.5 Ismenopauseatimeofincreasedriskforwomen’smental
health? 264
11.6 Therelationshipbetweenmenopauseanddepressionin
midlife 264
11.7 Theneedforalifecourseperspective 267
11.8 Methodologicaldifficulties 270
11.9 Therapeuticapproachesinmidlife 271
11.10 Conclusion 275
SECTION 3 Service delivery and ethics 281
MartaB.Rondo´n
12. Ethics in psychiatric research among women 287
LauraRobertsandKristenPrentice
12.1 Thescientificimperativetoincludewomeninpsychiatricresearch 287
12.2 Theethicalchallengesofpsychiatricresearch 289
12.3 Uniquechallengesofpsychiatricresearchinwomen 291
12.4 Summary 295
CONTENTS ix
13. Integrating mental health into women’s health and
primary healthcare: The case of Chile 301
GracielaRojasandEnriqueJadresic
13.1 Introduction 301
13.2 Integratingmentalhealthintoprimaryhealthcare 302
13.3 Integratingmentalhealthintowomen’shealth 307
14. Gender sensitive psychiatric care for children and
adolescents 317
CorinaBenjet
14.1 Mentalhealthservicesforchildrenandadolescents 317
14.2 Barrierstoserviceuse 319
14.3 Recommendationsforgendersensitivepsychiatriccareofchildrenand
adolescents 319
15. Gender sensitive care for adult women 323
MartaB.Rondo´n
15.1 Introduction 323
15.2 Gendersensitiveandinformedmentalhealthcare:Basicstrategies 325
15.3 Principlesofgendersensitivecare 327
15.4 Characteristicsofgendersensitiveservices 328
16. Psychopharmacology 337
SilvanaSarabia
16.1 Historyofpsychopharmacology 337
16.2 Ethics 338
16.3 Sourcesandinterpretationofdata 340
16.4 Womeninclinicaltrials 341
16.5 Pharmacodynamicsandpharmacokineticsinwomen 342
16.6 Psychotropictreatmentsinwomen 343
16.7 Treatmentofpostpartumdisorders 351
SECTION 4 Impact of violence, disasters, migration and
work 359
UnaizaNiazandMarianneKastrup
17. Women and disasters 369
UnaizaNiaz
17.1 Warsandwomen’smentalhealth 370
17.2 Naturaldisastersandwomen 377
x CONTENTS
18. Intimate partner violence interventions 387
Krishna VaddipartiandDeepthiS.Varma
18.1 Mentalhealthconsequencesofintimatepartnerviolenceonwomen 387
18.2 Victimfocusedinterventions 388
18.3 Interventionswithbatterersofviolence 391
18.4 Otherinterventionapproaches 396
18.5 Conclusion 398
19. Migration and mental health in women: Mental health
action plan as a tool to increase communication between
clinicians and policy makers 405
SolvigEkblad
19.1 Definitions:Mentalhealthandhealth 405
19.2 Introduction 406
19.3 Riskfactors 408
19.4 Resilienceandcoping 409
19.5 Theimpactofdomesticviolenceonimmigrantwomen’smentalhealth 410
19.6 Accesstomentalhealthcareservices 411
19.7 TheADAPTmodel(AdaptationandDevelopmentafterPersecution
andTrauma) 412
19.8 ThecaseofMrsAba,herfamilyandthecommunity 413
19.9 Theoryofchangelogic:Mentalhealthactionplanning 415
20. Work and women’s mental health 423
SaidaDouki
20.1 Introduction:Alatebutgrowingawareness 423
20.2 Thejobburnout 424
20.3 Ahigherriskforburnout 428
20.4 Workandwomen’smentalhealthissues 434
20.5 Managementissues 438
20.6 Conclusion 439
21. Globalisation and women’s mental health: Cutting edge
information 443
UnaizaNiaz
21.1 Conceptandprocessofglobalisation 443
21.2 Genderedeffectsofglobalisation 444
21.3 Theimpactofglobalisationandliberalisationonwomen’shealth 445
21.4 Educationandempowermentinwomen 446
21.5 TheUnitedNations’andWorldBank’sapproachtowomen’seducation 447
21.6 Theglobalandlocalintersectionoffeminisminmuslimsocieties 448
CONTENTS xi
21.7 Otherimpactsofglobalisation 451
21.8 Internetaddiction 455
21.9 Mentalhealthissuesrelatedtotheuseofinternetandmobile
phonesinthedevelopingcountries 456
21.10 Recommendationstocounteractnegativeeffectsofglobalisation 458
22. The impact of culture on women’s mental health 463
MarianneKastrup andUnaizaNiaz
22.1 Introduction 463
22.2 Definitions 464
22.3 Epidemiologicalperspectives 466
22.4 Culturalaspectsofstress 466
22.5 Diagnosticconsiderations 469
22.6 Culturalandsocialpracticesandtheirimpactonmentalhealth 473
22.7 Therapeuticissues 477
22.8 Perspectives 478
23. Female mutilation 485
AmiraSeifEldin
23.1 Definition 485
23.2 Introduction 485
23.3 Historicalbackground 486
23.4 Classification 487
23.5 EpidemiologyofFGM 488
23.6 PhysicalcomplicationsofFGM 489
23.7 Psychologicalcomplications 490
23.8 PosttraumaticstressdisorderandmemoryproblemsafterFGM 491
23.9 Obstaclesfacingchangingharmfulsocialconvention:Female
genitalmutilation/cutting 491
23.10 ThebasicconceptforFGMelimination(ThementalmapforFGM) 494
23.11 RecommendationsincountrieswhereFGMiscommonlypractised 495
SECTION 5 Gender, social policy and implications for
promoting women’s mental health 499
JaneFisherandHelenHerrman
24. Women’s mental health in the context of broad global
policies 507
TakashiIzutsu
24.1 Introduction 507
24.2 DefinitionsofhealthandtherighttohealthmadebytheUnitedNations 508