Contemporary sociological theory

481 Pages·2002·21.585 MB·English

by  Craig J. Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis, James Moody, Steven Pfaff, Indermohan Virk

Contemporary
Sociological Theory
Edited by
Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis,
James Moody, Steven Pfaff,
and lndermohan Virk
Blackwell
Publishers

({) 2002 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd
a Blackwell Publishing company
except for edicorial matter and organization © 2002 by Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerreis, James Moody,
Steven rfaff, and Indermohan Virk
Editorial Offices:
108 Cowley Road
Oxford OX4 lJF, UK
Tel: [phone]
350 Main Street
Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5018, USA
Tel: [phone]
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of
the publisher.
First published 2002 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.
ISBN 0-631-21349-X (hbk) 0-631-21350-3 (pbk)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Typeset in 10 on 12 pt Saban Roman
by Kolam Information Services Pvt. Ltd. Pondicherry
Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padsrow, Cornwall
This book is printed on acid-free paper
For further information on
Blackwell Publishers, visit our website:
www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk

Contents
List of Contributors
Vlll
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
Part I Micro-Sociological Analysis 23
Introduction to Part I 25
1 The Phenomenology of the Social World
Alfred Schutz 32
2 The Social Construction of Reality
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann 42
3 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Erving Goffman 51
4 Symbolic Interactionism
Herbert Blumer 66
Part II Exchange and Rationality 79
Introduction to Part II 81
5 Social Behavior as Exchange
George C. Homans 88
{
6 Exchange and Power in Social Life
Peter M. Blau 99
7 Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
]amefS. Coleman 110
8 Foundations for a Theory of Collective Decisions
fames S. Coleman 117
9 The Logic of Collective Action
Mancur Olson 126
Part Ill . Institutional Analysis 131
Introduction to Part III 133
10 Limits of Steering
Niklas Luhmann 139
11 Coercion, Capital, and European States
Charles Tilly 153
12 The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism
and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields
Paul]. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell 167
vi CONTENTS
Part IV The Sociological Theory of Michel Foucault 183
Introduction to Part IV 185
13 The Birth of the Clinic
Michel Foucault 191
14 Truth and Power
Michel Foucault 203
15 Discipline and Punish
Michel Foucault 211
PartV The Sociological Theory of Anthony Giddens 219
Introduction to Part V 221
16 Some New Rules of Sociological Method
Anthony Giddens 226
17 Agency, Structure
Anthony Giddens 232
18 The Consequences of Modernity
Anthony Giddens __ 244
______
.,. ,,
Part VI The Sociological Theory of Pierre Bourdieu 257
Introduction to Part VI 259
19 Social Space and Symbolic Space
Pierre Bourdieu 267
20 Structures, Habitus, Practices
Pierre Bourdieu 276
21 The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic
World Reversed
Pierre Bourdieu 289
Part VII Race, Gender, and Difference 305
Introduction to Part VII 307
22 The Conceptual Practices of Power
Dorothy E. Smith ' 315
23 Black Feminist Epistemology
Patricia Hill Collins 323
24 Black Skin, White Masks
Frantz Fanon 332
25 The Paradoxes of Integration
Orlando Patterson -------3-4-0
Part VIII The Sociological Theory of Jurgen Habermas 349
Introduction to Part VIII 351
26 Civil Society and the Political Public Sphere
Jurgen Habermas 358
CONTENTS vii
27 The Tasks of a Critical Theory of Society
Jurgen Habermas 377
28 Theory and Practice
Jurgen 1-Iabermas 401
-----
Part IX Modernity and Postmodernity 411
Introduction to Part IX 413
29 The Social Constraint towards Self-Constraint
Norbert Elias· 419
30 A Sociological Theory of Postmodernity
Z ygmunt Bauman 429
31 Describing the Future
Nik/as Luhmann 441
Index 448
Contributors
Craig Calhoun is Professor of Sociology and History at New York University and
since 1999 has been President of the Social Science Research Council. He was
previously editor of Sociological Theory. His books include Neither Gods Nor
Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China (1995), Critical Social
Theory: Culture, History, and the Challenge of Difference (1995), and Nationalism
(1997). He is also editor-in-chief of the Oxford Dictionary of the Social Sciences.
Joseph Gerteis is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Minnesota,
Twin Cities. His work explores the link between categorical identities and social
action in politics and social movements. His recent work examines southern labor
movements of the late nineteenth century.
James Moody is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Ohio State University. He studies
informal social organization through social networks, including the distribution of
sexually transmitted diseases, adolescent friendship structure, and relations through
the Internet.
Steven Pfaff is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington. His
scholarly interests include sociological theory, comparative and historical sociology,
and research on collective action and social movements. His current research focuses
on popular protest in the East German revo"!ution of 1989-90.
lndermohan Virk is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the
University of North Carolina and a Visiting Lecturer at Indiana University. Her
current research addresses the transformation of public space and its impact on the
public sphere in the late twentieth-century United States.
Acknowledgments
The authors and publishers gratefully acknowledge the following for permission to
reproduce copyright material:
1 Alfred Schutz, "The Phenomenology of the Social World." From Alfred Schutz,
The Phenomenology of the Social World. Translated by George Walsh and
Frederick Lehnert, with an Introduction by George Walsh. Copyright ©
1967, Northwestern University Press, pp. 107, 113-16, 126-36;
2 Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, "The Social Construction of Reality."
From Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of
Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Copyright © 1966 by
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. Used by permission of Doubleday, a
division of Random House, Inc., pp. 50-62;
3 Erving Goffman, "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life." From Erving
Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Copyright © 1959 by
Erving Goffman. Reprinted by permission of The Overlook Press, pp. 17-25,
30-6,56-61, 65-6, 70-7;
4 Herbert Blumer, "Symbolic lnteractionism." From Herbert Blumer, Symbolic
Interactionism. Copyright © 1998. Reprinted by permission of Prentice-Hall,
Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 1, 46-8, 50-52, 78-89;
5 George C. Homans, "Social Behavior as Exchange." American Journal of
Sociology 63, 6. Copyright © 1958 by the University of Chicago Press. Re
printed by permission of the University of Chicago Press, pp. 598-606;
6 Peter M. Blau, "Exchange and Power in Social Life." From Peter M. Blau,
Exchange and Power in Social Life. Copyright © 1964 by John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Transaction Publishers, pp. 19-31, 91-5;
7 James S. Coleman, "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital." Ameri
can Journal of Sociology 94. Copyright © 1988 by the University of Chicago
Press. Reprinted by permission of the University of Chicago Press, pp. S97-S98,
S100-S108;
8 James S. Coleman, "Foundations for a Theory of Collective Decisions." Ameri
can Journal of Sociology 71, 6. Copyright© 1966 by the University of Chicago
Press. Reprinted by permission of the University of Chicago Press, pp. 615-23;
9 Mancur Olson, "The Logic of Collective Action." Reprinted by permission of
the publisher from Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public
Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Copyright© 1965, 1971 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, pp.
9-16;
10 Niklas Luhmann, "Limits of Steering." Theory, Culture and Society 14, 1.
Copyright © 1997 by Sage Publications Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Sage
Publications Ltd., pp. 41-57;
X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
11 Charles Tilly, "Coercion, Capital, and European States." From Charles Tilly,
Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992. Copyright If) 1990,
1992 by Charles Tilly. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers,
pp. 17-32;
12 Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional
Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American
Sociological Review 48. Copyright © 1983 by the American Sociological
Association. Reprinted by permission of the American Sociological Associ
ation, pp. 147-60;
13 Michel Foucault, "The Birth of the Clinic." From Michel Foucault, The Birth of
the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception. Translated by A. M.
Sheridan-Smith. Translation copyright© 1973 by Tavistock Publications, Ltd.
Reprinted by permission of Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc.,
and by Taylor & Francis Books, Ltd., pp. 22-36;
14 Michel Foucault, "Truth and Power." From Michel Foucault, Power/Know
ledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Edited by Colin
Gordon. Copyright© 1972, 1975, 1976, 1977 by Michel Foucault. Reprinted
by permission of Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., pp. 113,
115-17, 118-26, 131-3;
15 Michel Foucault, "Discipline and Punish." From Michel Foucault, Discipline
and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Originally published in French as Surveil
ler et Punir: Naissance de la Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. Copyright©
1975 by Les Editions Gallimard. Reprinted by permission of Georges Borch
ardt, Inc., and by Penguin Books, Ltd., pp. 200-2, 215-16, 218-24;
16 Anthony Giddens, "Some New Rules of Sociological Method." From Anthony
Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretive
Sociologies. Copyright© 1976 by Anthony Giddens. Reprinted by permission
of Anthony Giddens, pp. 155-62;
17 Anthony Giddens, "Agency, Structure." From Anthony Giddens, Central Prob
lems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis.
Copyright © 1979 by Anthony Giddens. Reprinted by permission of the
University of California Press, and by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., pp. 49,
53-9,62, 64-6,68-73, 82-4, 94-5;
18 Anthony Giddens, "The Consequences of Modernity." From Anthony Giddens,
The Consequences of Modernity. Copyright© 1990 by the Board of Trustees
of the Leland Standford Junior University. Reprinted by permission of Stanford
University Press and Blackwell Publishers, pp. 112-14, 120-5, 131-4, 137-50;
19 Pierre Bourdieu, "Social Space and Symbolic Space." From Pierre Bourdieu,
"Social Space and Symbolic Space: Toward a Japanese Reading of Distinction."
Poetics Today 12, 4. Copyright © 1991, Porter Institute for Poetics and Semi
otics. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Duke University Press, pp.
627-38;
20 Pierre Bourdieu, "Structures, Habitus, Practices." From Pierre Bourdieu, The
Logic of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Originally published in French
as Le Sens Pratique. Copyright ~) 1980, Les Editions de Minuit. Translation
copyright © 1990, Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishers.