Contemporary religious satanism the Church of satan was founded by anton laVey on april 30, 1966. in his hands, satan became a provocative symbol for indulgence, vital existence, natural wisdom and the human being’s true animal nature. at present, religious satanism exists primarily as a decentralized subculture with a strong internet presence within a larger satanic milieu in Western culture. though most are inspired by laVey, the majority of contemporary satanists are not members of the Church of satan. the various expressions of modern satanism all navigate in today’s detraditionalized religious market through the creative appropriation of popular culture, philosophy, literature and religion. the concrete solutions are varied; but they all understand the power of transgression allying oneself with a most powerful symbol of resistance, namely satan. thus, contemporary religious satanism could be understood as a complex negotiation of atheism, secularism, esotericism and self: a “self-religion” in the modern age. Despite the fascinating nature of religious satanism, it has attracted little scholarship until relatively recently. this book brings together a group of international scholars to produce the first serious book-length study of religious Satanism, presenting a collection that will have wide appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike. the first part contains broader studies of influential groups and important aspects of the satanic milieu, especially regarding historical developments, the construction of tradition and issues of legitimacy. the second part narrows the view to regional variations, especially with studies on northern and eastern europe. the third part consists of primary documents selected for their representational and informational value. ControVersial neW religions Series Editors: James r. lewis, lecturer in religious studies, university of Wisconsin, usa george D. Chryssides, senior lecturer in religious studies, university of Wolverhampton, uK this new series on new religious movements focuses particularly on controversial new religions. The popularity and significance of the New Religious Movements field is reflected in the explosion of related books and articles now being published. this ashgate series of anthologies will offer a valuable resource and lasting contribution to the field. Other titles in the series: The Order of the Solar Temple The Temple of Death edited by James r. lewis The New Generation Witches Teenage Witchcraft in Contemporary Culture edited by Hannah e. Johnston and peg aloi Contemporary religious satanism a Critical anthology Edited by Jesper aagaarD petersen Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway First published 2009 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Jesper aagaard petersen 2009 Jesper aagaard petersen has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Contemporary religious satanism: a critical anthology. – (Controversial new religions) 1. satanism i. petersen, Jesper aagaard 299 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data petersen, Jesper aagaard. Contemporary religious satanism : a critical anthology / Jesper aagaard petersen. p. cm. – (Controversial new religions) includes index. isBn 978-0-7546-5286-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. satanism. i. title. Bl480.p39 2008 299–dc22 2008024648 isBn 9780754652861 (hbk) Contents Notes on Contributors vii Acknowledgements xi 1 introduction: embracing satan 1 Jesper Aagaard Petersen PART I Broader Studies: History, Tradition, Legitimacy 2 satanism: performing alterity and othering 27 Graham Harvey 3 infernal legitimacy 41 James R. Lewis 4 Darkness Within: satanism as a self-religion 59 Asbjørn Dyrendal 5 self-Conscious routinization and the post-Charismatic Fate of the Church of satan from 1997 to the present 75 Maxwell Davies 6 embracing others than satan: the multiple princes of Darkness in the left-Hand path milieu 85 Kennet Granholm 7 the Devil’s Down in Dixie: studying satanism in south georgia 103 Kathleen Lowney PART II RegIonAL STuDIeS 8 the peculiarities of lithuanian satanism: Between Crime and atheism in Cyberspace 121 Milda Alisauskiene 9 satanism in estonia 129 Ringo Ringvee vi Contemporary Religious Satanism 10 Cyber-satanism and imagined satanism: Dark symptoms of late modernity 141 Rafal Smoczynski 11 social Democratic satanism? some examples of satanism in scandinavia 153 Didrik Søderlind and Asbjørn Dyrendal 12 “With my art i am the Fist in the Face of god”: on old-school Black metal 171 Gry Mørk 13 italian martyrs of “satanism”: sister maria laura mainetti and Father giorgio govoni 199 Andrea Menegotto 14 speculating on the point 003 percent? some remarks on the Chaotic satanic minorities in the uK 211 Dave Evans PART III PRImARy DoCumenTS 15 Reflections on Satanism 231 Vexen Crabtree 16 excerpt from lords of the left-Hand path: a History of spiritual Dissent 239 Stephen E. Flowers 17 Dark Doctrines: two examples 247 Tani Jantsang 18 the satanic politic 255 Nathan Wardinski 19 the Culture Cult 259 Ole Wolf Index 267 notes on Contributors Milda Alisauskiene phD candidate, Department of sociology, Vytautas magnus university, Kaunas, lithuania. [email protected] Vexen Crabtree a British satanist who has been active on-line since the late nineties on discussion forums and with numerous websites. a member of the Church of satan. www.vexen.co.uk Maxwell Davies graduate of religious studies, university of Wisconsin oskosh, usa, freelance writer, journalist and a guest lecturer on satanism. [email protected] Asbjørn Dyrendal phD, associate professor, norwegian university of science and technology, trondheim, norway. [email protected] Dave Evans phD, university of Bristol, uK. independent scholar. www.occultebooks.com Stephen E. Flowers stephen edred Flowers, phD, also known under the name edred thorsson, has been active in various esoteric organizations since the early seventies, most notably the temple of set, the rune-gild and the ring of troth. www.xeper.org, www.runaraven.com, www.runegild.org Kennet Granholm phD, Visiting researcher at the Centre for the History of Hermetic philosophy and related Currents, amsterdam, the netherlands. [email protected] Graham Harvey phD, reader in religious studies, open university, uK. [email protected] viii Contemporary Religious Satanism Tani Jantsang active in various esoteric and occult groups since the seventies, but became well known as an advocate of the Dark Doctrines in the late eighties and one of the founders of the satanic reds in 1997. www.geocities.com/satanicreds James R. Lewis phD, university of Wisconsin, milwaukee, usa. [email protected] Kathleen Lowney professor, phD, sociology/anthropology/Criminal Justice program, Valdosta state university, georgia, usa. [email protected] Andrea Menegotto milan Branch manager, Centre for the study of new religions (Cesnur), italy. [email protected] Gry Mørk m. phil. independent scholar. [email protected] Jesper Aagaard Petersen research Fellow, norwegian university of science and technology, trondheim, norway. [email protected] Ringo Ringvee advisor, Department of religious affairs, ministry of the interior, estonia. [email protected] Rafal Smoczynski phD, institute of philosophy and sociology, polish academy of sciences, poland. [email protected] Didrik Søderlind research Journalist, Consultant to the norwegian Humanist association. [email protected] Nathan Wardinski american satanist. a member of the obsidian enlightenment. www.uwosh.edu/obsidian Notes on Contributors ix Ole Wolf a Danish satanist, active in satanic groups since the early nineties, most notably satanisk Forum, an independent Danish organization created in 2001. www.sataniskforum.dk
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