Contemporary Orchestration: A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians PDF
Preview Contemporary Orchestration: A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians
CONTEMPORARY ORCHESTRATION Contemporary Orchestration: A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians teaches students how to orchestrate for a wide variety of instruments, ensembles, and genres, while preparing them for various real-world professional settings ranging from the concert hall to the recording studio. It integrates instrument characteristics, technique, and performativity with professional and practical considerations. Beginning with practical problem solving, the book outlines issues that need to be addressed before beginning the orchestration process. A section on score preparation offers a guide to preparing concert scores, transposed scores, condensed scores, recording-studio scores, and hybrid scores. Addressing both contemporary and traditional instruments and ensembles, it demonstrates how to prepare scores and parts for both acoustic and recording-studio environments, how to incorporate and notate world music instruments in a western European orchestral setting, how to incorporate and notate jazz and pop elements, and how to score for musical theater. Features (cid:129) Practical Considerations: Practical suggestions for choosing a work to orchestrate, and what to avoid when writing for each instrument. (cid:129) In the Profession: A guide to the courtesies, considerations, and expectations in the professional environment. (cid:129) Building the Score: Step-by-step procedures for orchestrating a variety of ensembles and genres. (cid:129) Scoring Examples: Multiple scoring examples for each instrument and ensemble. (cid:129) Suggested Exercises:Orchestration exercises that use problem- solving techniques to review and reinforce chapter material. (cid:129) Companion Website: Video resources and discussion of additional instruments and ensembles. RJ Miller has composed, orchestrated, arranged, conducted and/or produced recordings with the London Philharmonic and the St. Petersburg Philharmonic, and for such films as the digital re-release of the original The Last of the Mohicans and The Lost World. His credits appear on over 300 CDs, videos, film, and television productions. His courses at the Metropolitan State University of Denver includeArranging and Orchestration, Arranging for Music Educators, and Scoring for Film and Television. This page intentionally left blank C O N T E M P O R A RY O R C H E S T R AT I O N A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians RJ Miller First published 2015 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Taylor & Francis The right of RJ Miller to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, R. J. (Robert Joseph), 1953– author. Contemporary orchestration: a practical guide to instruments, ensembles, and musicians/RJ Miller. pages cm 1. Instrumentation and orchestration. I. Title. MT70.M57 2015 781.3′74—dc23 2014019576 ISBN: 978-0-415-74190-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-74191-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315–81500-8 (ebk) Typeset in Baskerville 2 by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon, UK CONTENTS List of Musical Examples xvi Preface xix 1 Preliminary Considerations 1 The Physics of Sound 1 The Overtone Series 2 Implied Fundamental 6 Instrumental Balances 9 Instrumental Combinations 10 2 Scores, Parts and Notation 13 Score Preparation 13 Score Order 19 Concert, Transposed and Condensed Scores 21 Preparation of Instrumental Parts 23 Preparation of Recording-studio Scores 27 Preparation of Hybrid Studio Scores 28 Recording-studio Parts 29 Instrument Transposition Guide 32 Instruments and Abbreviations 34 General Notation Considerations 35 Traditional Terminology 36 Rhythmic Subdivisions within the Measure 44 Notes 46 3 Practical Problem Solving 47 Measures One and Two 50 Measures Three, Four and Five 51 Measures Six, Seven, Eight and Nine 53 Completed Revoicing 54 vi CONTENTS 4 The Violin Family 57 THE ESSENTIALS 57 The Bridge 57 The Bow 57 Rosin 58 Basic Bowing Terms and Descriptions 58 THE INSTRUMENTS 66 Violin 66 Viola 70 Violoncello 75 Double Bass 79 THE ENSEMBLES 82 String Quartet 82 Chamber Strings 82 Orchestral Strings 82 Symphony Orchestra Strings 83 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 83 IN THE PROFESSION 83 BUILDING THE SCORE 84 SCORING EXAMPLES 90 Scoring Examples for String Quartet 90 Scoring Examples for Orchestral Strings 94 SUGGESTED EXERCISES 102 Scoring Exercise for String Quartet 102 Scoring Exercise for Orchestral Strings 104 5 The Brass Family 107 THE ESSENTIALS 107 Cylindrical and Conical Classifications 107 Whole-tube Brass Instruments 107 Half-tube Brass Instruments 108 Single-tonguing 108 Double-tonguing 108 Triple-tonguing 108 Slurs 108 Flutter-tonguing 108 Trills 108 Shakes 109 CONTENTS vii Brass Glissandi 109 1/2-valve Glissando 109 Trombone Glissando 109 Valve Tremolo 109 Mutes 110 Brass Embouchure Considerations 111 THE INSTRUMENTS 111 Trumpet 111 Cornet 113 Flugelhorn 114 Trumpet in D 115 Piccolo Trumpet 115 E≤Soprano Cornet 117 Bass Trumpet 117 Horn 118 Tenor Trombone 121 Bass Trombone 122 Valve Trombone 123 Alto Trombone 123 Cimbasso 124 E≤Alto Horn (Tenor Horn) 125 Euphonium 126 Baritone 126 Tuba 127 Sousaphone 128 THE ENSEMBLES 129 Brass Quintet 129 Chamber Ensembles 129 Orchestral Brass 130 Wind Ensemble and Concert Band Brass 130 British-style Brass Band 131 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 140 IN THE PROFESSION 140 BUILDING THE SCORE 141 SCORING EXAMPLES 147 Scoring Examples for Brass Quintet 147 Scoring Examples for Orchestral Brass 150 Scoring Examples for Wind Ensemble/Concert Band Brass 154 Scoring Examples for British-style Brass Band 158 viii CONTENTS SUGGESTED EXERCISES 162 Scoring Exercise for Brass Quintet 162 Scoring Exercise for Orchestral or Wind Ensemble Brass 163 6 The Woodwind Family 165 THE ESSENTIALS 165 Cylindrical and Conical Classifications 165 Edge-blown Aerophones 166 Single Reed Instruments 166 Double Reed Instruments 166 Saxophone Mouthpieces 166 Single-tonguing 166 Double-tonguing 167 Triple-tonguing 167 Flutter-tonguing 167 Slurs 167 Trills 167 Tremolos 168 Glissandi (Portamenti) 168 Saxophone Subtone 169 THE INSTRUMENTS 169 THE FLUTE FAMILY 169 Flute 169 Piccolo 170 Alto Flute 171 Bass Flute 172 Contra-Alto Flute 173 Contrabass Flute 173 Subcontrabass Flutes 174 D≤Piccolo 175 THE SINGLE REED FAMILY 176 Clarinets 176 E≤ Clarinet 176 B≤Clarinet 177 Clarinet in A 178 E≤Alto Clarinet 178 B≤Bass Clarinet 179 E≤Contralto Clarinet 180 B≤Contrabass Clarinet 180 CONTENTS ix THE SAXOPHONE FAMILY 181 B≤Soprano Saxophone 181 E≤Alto Saxophone 182 B≤Tenor Saxophone 183 E≤Baritone Saxophone 184 E≤Sopranino Saxophone 184 B≤Bass Saxophone 185 E≤Contrabass Saxophone 186 THE DOUBLE REED FAMILY 186 Oboe 186 English Horn 187 Oboe d’amore 188 Baritone (Bass) Oboe 188 Bassoons 189 Contrabassoons 190 THE ENSEMBLES 191 Flute Choir 191 Flute Orchestra 191 Clarinet Choir 192 Wind Quintet 193 Chamber Woodwinds 194 Orchestral Woodwinds 195 Wind Ensemble and Concert Band Woodwinds 195 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 196 IN THE PROFESSION 196 BUILDING THE SCORE 196 SCORING EXAMPLES 207 Scoring Example for Flute Choir 207 Scoring Example for Flute Orchestra 208 Scoring Examples for Clarinet Choir 213 Scoring Examples for Wind Quintet 215 Scoring Examples for Orchestral Woodwinds 220 Scoring Examples for Wind Ensemble/Concert Band Woodwinds 227 SUGGESTED EXERCISES 232 Scoring Exercise for Wind Quintet 232 Scoring Exercise for Orchestral Woodwinds or Wind Ensemble Woodwinds 234
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