Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction

576 Pages·2015·6.378 MB·English

by  William O’Grady, John Archibald

Contemporary
Linguistic Analysis
An Introduction
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Contemporary
Linguistic Analysis
An Introduction
Eighth Edition
Edited by
William O’Grady
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
and

John Archibald
UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
Toronto
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 [EB]
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Contemporary linguistic analysis : an introduction / edited by William O’Grady (University of
Hawaii), John Archibald (University of Victoria). — Eighth edition.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-321-83615-1 (pbk.)
1. Linguistic analysis (Linguistics)—Textbooks. I. Archibald, John, 1959-, editor II. O’Grady,
William D. (William Delaney), 1952-, editor
P126.C66 2015 41 C2014-908032-8
ISBN 978-0-321-83615-1
To the memory of Michael Dobrovolsky,
founding co-editor of
Contemporary Linguistic Analysis
Convinced at once that, in order to break loose from the
beaten paths of opinions and systems, it was necessary
to proceed in my study of man and society by scientific
methods, and in a rigorous manner, I devoted one year
to philology and grammar; linguistics, or the natural his-
tory of speech, being, of all the sciences, that which best
suited the researches which I was about to commence.
PIERRE-JOSEPH PROUDHON, W HAT IS PROPERTY ? (1840)
Brief Contents
Preface x iii
About this book x vi
List of technical abbreviations x vii
1 L anguage: a preview… 1
2 P honetics: the sounds of language… 14
3 P honology: contrasts and patterns… 56
4 M orphology: the analysis of word structure… 100
5 S yntax: the analysis of sentence structure… 139
6 S emantics: the analysis of meaning… 181
7 The classification of languages… 218
8 Historical linguistics: the study of language change… 249
9 A boriginal languages of Canada… 307
10 First language acquisition… 323
11 Second language acquisition… 361
12 Psycholinguistics: the study of language processing… 391
13 Brain and language… 418
14 Language in social contexts… 439
15 Writing and language… 473
16 www.pearsoncanada.ca/ogrady (Companion Website) Animal communication
Glossary 499
Sources 525
Language Index 539
Subject Index 543
vii
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Contents
Preface x iii 3.1 S egments 56
About this book x vi 3.2 S yllables 65
List of technical abbreviations x vii 3.3 F eatures 76
3.4 D erivations and rules 85
1 Language: a preview… 1 Summing up 88
Notes 89
WILLIAM O’GRADY
Recommended reading 89
1.1 S pecialization for language 1
Appendix: hints for solving phonology
1.2 A creative system 3
problems 90
1.3 Grammar and linguistic competence 5
Exercises 93
Summing up 11
Notes 12 M orphology: the analysis of
Recommended reading 12 4 w ord structure… 100
Exercises 12
WILLIAM O’GRADY
VIDEA DE GUZMAN
P honetics: the sounds of
2 language… 14 4.1 W ords and word structure 101
4.2 D erivation 107
MICHAEL DOBROVOLSKY
4.3 C ompounding 111
2.1 P honetic transcription 15 4.4 I nflection 115
2.2 The sound-producing system 17 4.5 O ther morphological phenomena 119
2.3 S ound classes 2 0 4.6 M orphophonemics 127
2.4 C onsonant articulation 22 Summing up 128
2.5 M anners of articulation 25 Notes 129
2.6 V owels 34 Recommended reading 129
2.7 P honetic transcription of Canadian Appendix: how to identify morphemes
English consonants and vowels 38 in unfamiliar languages 129
2.8 Suprasegmentals 40 Exercises 130
2.9 Speech production 46
S yntax: the analysis of sentence
2.10 O ther vowels and consonants 51
Summing up 52 5 s tructure… 139
Notes 52
5.1 C ategories and structure 140
Recommended reading 52
5.2 C omplement options 150
Exercises 53
5.3 M ove 154
5.4 U niversal Grammar and parametric
P honology: contrasts and
variation 161
3 patterns… 56
5.5 S ome additional structures 166
WILLIAM O’GRADY Summing up 173
CARRIE DYCK Appendix: how to build tree
YVAN ROSE structures 173
EWA CZAYKOWSKA-HIGGINS Using Merge to build simple
MICHAEL DOBROVOLSKY phrases 173
ix