Table Of Content

Contemporary Japanese AN INTRODUCTORY LANGUAGE COURSE Contemporary Japanese VOLUME 2 SECOND EDITION ERIKO SATO TUTTLE Publishing Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore Contents Lesson 74 : 食べる時に「いただきます」と言います Preface ......................................................... vi Time ............................................. 50 Structure of this Textbook ....................... viii Lesson 75 : 卒業する前に、仕事を探しますか Before or After .............................. 52 Orthography .................................................. x Lesson 76 : 食べながら、話します Chapter Fifteen Doing Two Activities at the Same Exchanging Opinions .................................. 1 Time ............................................. 54 Lesson 62 : 日本の大学はとてもいいと思います Chapter Nineteen Opinions ..........................................2 Lesson 63 : たぶん雨がふるでしょう Adding Implications .................................. 63 Lesson 77 : そのかばんは持ちやすいですか Probabilities ....................................4 Lesson 64 : はいえんかもしれません Difficult or Easy .............................64 Lesson 78 : ぎょうざを食べすぎました Possibilities .................................... 6 Lesson 65 : テストはかんたんだったと思います Overdoing Something ...................66 Lesson 79 : お金を使ってしまいました Previous Test ................................. 8 Lesson 66 : どうして日本語をとっているんですか Itʼs Done! ...................................... 68 Lesson 80 : ホテルをよやくしておきます Asking Reasons ........................... 10 Get Ready! ................................... 70 Chapter Sixteen Lesson 81 : かびんがおいてあります Permission and Obligation ....................... 21 Interior Decoration ....................... 72 Lesson 67 : スリッパをはいてもいいですか Chapter Twenty Etiquette ....................................... 22 Lesson 68 : じきゅうが安くてもいいですか Giving and Receiving ................................ 81 Lesson 82 : 私がつれていってあげますよ Working Condition ........................ 24 Lesson 69 : しずかじゃなくてはいけませんか Giving and Helping ...................... 82 Lesson 83 : 兄がくれました Living Conditions ......................... 26 Being Given and Being Helped .... 84 Chapter Seventeen Lesson 84 : おせいぼをいただきました Comparison ............................................35 Gifts and Presents ....................... 86 Lesson 70 : どちらの方が広いですか Lesson 85 : すいせんじょう Comparison.................................. 36 Study Abroad ............................... 88 Lesson 71 : プールで泳ぐ方が海で泳ぐより好きです Chapter Twenty-One Preferences.................................. 38 Lesson 72 : きせつでは何が一番好きですか Describing Changes .................................. 97 Lesson 86 : 肉を食べないようにしています Your Favorite ................................ 40 Effort for a Better Life ................... 98 Chapter Eighteen Lesson 87 : 泳げるようになりました When to Do What? ..................................... 47 Achievement and Progress ........ 100 Lesson 73 : 今お食事をしているところですか Lesson 88 : 今日からここで働くことになりました Unexpected Guest ....................... 48 Decision ..................................... 102 Lesson 89 : ボタンをおすと、・・・ Consequences ........................... 104 – iv – Chapter Twenty-Two Lesson 101 : 火事があったそうです Describing How Things and People Hearsay...................................... 162 Appear to Be ............................................. 113 Lesson 102 : 何かあったようですね Lesson 90 : こわそうな人ですね Conjecture.................................. 164 First Impressions........................ 114 Lesson 91 : 天使のような人です Chapter Twenty-Six Simile ......................................... 116 Perspective ............................................... 173 Lesson 92 : 男らしい人です Lesson 103 : 花がリスに食べられました Good Stereotypical Model of .... 118 Passive ...................................... 174 Lesson 104 : 雨に降られました Chapter Twenty-Three Annoying Incidents .................... 176 Evaluating Facts .......................................127 Lesson 105 : むりやりに食べさせます Lesson 93 : もう着いたはずです Parenting.................................... 178 Circumstantial Judgment ............128 Lesson 106 : ろうかに立たせられました Lesson 94 : もっと早く帰るべきです Punishment / Training ................ 180 Strong Personal Opinions ...........130 Lesson 95 : 好きかどうか考えます Challenge Choosing Your Major ................. 132 (Chapter Fifteen to Chapter Twenty-six) . ...191 Appendix One Chapter Twenty-Four Particles..................................................... 194 What Would You Do? .............................. 141 Lesson 96 : テニスをしよう Appendix Two Your Intention and Attempt ..........142 Predicate Formatives .............................. 204 Lesson 97 : もし一おく円もらったら If By Any Chance ........................144 Appendix Three Lesson 98 : 日本に行くなら、 Kanji List ................................................... 211 JR パスを買ってください Traveling .................................... 146 Appendix Four Basic Vocabulary List ............................. 215 Chapter Twenty-Five Your Way of Thinking ...............................157 Appendix Five Lesson 99 : あまいものなら何でも食べます Note List .................................................... 237 Food Craving ............................. 158 Lesson 100 : もっと早く始めればよかったのに Regretting .................................. 160 – v – Preface Contemporary Japanese: An Introductory Language Course is designed for beginning students of the Japanese language at the university level. It is a classroom text, but can be an effective self-study text if used with the free online audio recordings and Teacher’s Guide. This textbook introduces about 1,000 basic vocabulary words that are essential for daily life and campus life, over 250 basic kanji characters, basic grammar including passive and causative constructions, and basic cultural information that is the key to the understanding of various speech styles and conversational interactions. It helps the students quickly build the foundation necessary for tackling various real-life Japanese-speaking situations in neutral and polite contexts, without overwhelming them with too advanced honorific speech styles, too colloquial potentially- offensive informal speech styles, or too advanced kanji characters. Yet, it provides useful tips and additional information including the modern trend of language use. After completing this textbook, the students are ready to pursue the specific area of their interest while improving their general proficiency in Japanese. This comprehensive textbook is characterized by a unique “multi-vitamin-style” organization and an innovative “Guess and Try” method of learning. Volume 1 and Volume 2 of this textbook consist of 26 chapters, each of which has a distinct general objective. Each chapter has several lessons, and there are a total of 106 lessons in the entire textbook. Each lesson serves as a nucleus of the textbook, and includes a full course of learning processes (observation, analysis, practice and performance) and the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing), focusing on a single communicative objective. All the materials of each lesson are compactly placed on two facing pages, and are designed to be completed in one (or two) class sessions. This one-lesson-in-one-class format makes the objective of each class clear, and gives the students the feeling of achievement at the end of each class. Furthermore, the students can apply a little bit of all of the four skills in a balanced way in every class, without losing the objective of the class and without being limited to one aspect of language learning. It is like taking a “multi-vitamin” tablet daily, rather than taking vitamin C on Monday and vitamin E on Wednesday. This makes each class period stimulating and multifaceted, and helps the students to stay curious, lively and assertive during the class. As they accumulate a number of completed lessons, they can feel a strong sense of progress. Important points found in the lessons are thoroughly and clearly explained in grammar, usage, culture and writing notes at the end of each chapter, and they are reinforced and integrated in review questions. Another characteristic of this textbook is found in the innovative and effective way of teaching the rules and facts of the Japanese language. This textbook does not spoonfeed the rules and facts. Instead, it introduces them by a unique method, the “Guess and Try” method. In each lesson, the students first observe a real-life conversation. Translation is highly limited in this program. Then, they are asked to “guess” what was going on in the dialog, using logic and open-mindedness, and to try out what they have guessed. As they work on the “Guess and Try” section, the students become curious, and eventually discover interesting facts and important generalizations themselves, either naturally, or by being surprised at an unexpected fact or generalization. Compared with being spoonfed these rules and facts by hearing a lecture or reading a written explanation, discovering them through guessing and trying makes the learning process fun and extremely challenging, and effective for the students. When one – vi – is curious, new information can be absorbed easily, just as when one is hungry, food can be digested easily. As shown in psychological studies, the guessing and trying process minimizes the time needed both for the acquisition and retention of language rules and facts. After the students understand the new rules and facts through “Guess and Try,” they proceed to practice them in drill sections, and then to make use of them through a number of interesting communicative tasks, which can be done in pairs, small groups, or as a whole class activity. By performing these tasks, the students can engage in real-life situations for different communicative purposes. At this stage, they can experience the joy of learning Japanese, since Japanese becomes their tool for communication, rather than their master. The advantage of this system is that they can apply their knowledge to real contexts, and experience the delight of using Japanese in every class, or every lesson. In addition, what they do in each class or lesson, namely, continuous observation, guessing, trying, and using what they discover, is what they will be doing when they learn Japanese by being in a Japanese-speaking situation, outside the classroom. The students are encouraged to continue studying Japanese with pleasure, as this book truly makes their learning experience an enjoyable one. – vii – Structure of this Textbook This textbook has a total of 26 chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapter One to Chapter Fourteen, and Volume 2 includes Chapter Fifteen to Chapter Twenty-Six. Each chapter has sections called “Lessons”, “Grammar and Usage”, “Culture”, “Writing”, “Kanji List”, “Review” and “Tips and Additional Knowledge”, with a few exceptions. Each lesson is presented on two facing pages as in the illustration, and contains the following: • “Notes Relating to This Lesson” lists the note numbers and brief titles of all the grammar, usage, culture and writing explanations relevant to each lesson, in a little box located at the upper left corner of the left page. • The “note-link”, in the form of individual note numbers, is specified for each relevant part in the lesson (for example, , ) for the convenience of the students. • “Basic Vocabulary and Kanji” introduces the required vocabulary and kanji. The required vocabulary are listed in a three-columned table, where the first column specifies the item in hiragana or katakana. An accent mark is provided for content words. The second column specifies how the item is written in kanji, what its conjugation category is if it is a verb (for example k-u, i-ru), and what its basic conjugation forms are if it is a verb or an adjective. The following is the list of verb conjugation category specifications: e-ru : a ru-verb whose root ends in the vowel e i-ru : a ru-verb whose root ends in the vowel i r-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant r k-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant k g-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant g s-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant s m-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant m n-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant n b-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant b w-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant w t-u : an u-verb whose root ends in the consonant t irr. : an irregular verb The third column specifies the item’s grammatical category (for example, n and v), its English translation, and possibly, example phrases. The following is the list of grammatical category specifications: adj : adjective pn : proper noun adv : adverb pron : pronoun aux : auxiliary prt : particle c : counter q : question word con : conjunction / connective word v : verb cop : copula n : noun – viii – interj : interjection no category mark : phrases, suffixes or prefixes The kanji found in the second column are not always the required kanji. The required kanji are listed right below the three-columned table, and headed by “Newly introduced kanji”. If a particular kanji character is introduced for the very first time, its stroke order is also provided in this section as well as in “Kanji List,” but otherwise, its stroke order is found only in “Kanji List”. • “Vocabulary Collection” lists a group of vocabulary relevant to one of the themes of the lesson for optional use. • “Dialog” provides a short conversation that can be easily memorized and recited by the students. It can be used as a model for skit-creation. All dialogs are recorded in the audio recordings available online. • “Guess and Try” asks the students to try out what they have discovered after listening to the dialog on the online audio recordings or after observing the dialog recited in the class. • “Drill” provides simple oral drills. It includes Reading, Repeating, Conjugation, Formation and Mini- Conversation. • “Task” offers various tasks that train the students’ communicative skills. It includes Pair Work, Small Group Work, Classroom Discussion, Classroom Activity, Survey, Skit Performance and Role Play. • “Short Reading” provides a short passage, often related to the theme of the lesson. It includes kanji characters not previously introduced, so that the students can see how the written forms actually appear in Japanese. • In “Writing”, the students start writing about the related topic using the passage they have seen in “Short Reading” as a model. 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