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a) i, CONTEMPORARY _ INDIAN PHILOSOPHY ®+ 4 i Basany Romar Lai | : i | i : | 5 6 | MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED @ DEUHT Pinedo Pain 1973 Sant Red Baton Da 1979 apres Dei, (997, 89, 902.1985, 1993, 200 © MEMTILAL MOMRSTASS CURLISHERS INT. LTD, BREMAGE igor: hs been undents ta June t©, arysto tho imprsixion that contetoporoty Dia dags net hage a philesaphy of es own. e400 0608 eta Ta fact, ingore altunrpin bute nel bien made to present Haun avanmossr ao Contemporary. Gndlee Philowoaly th the mould of academic hilagophy.Thls ie fact dat combanporary Tadian thinkers fre ve lo hein tradition, but attompis have not ben wade 1 highlight such consucste aspects of their ought that, beat ent the nak af oxgial thinking und inight, The atthude oe MOTILAL BANARSIDASS | ard adhion reverse, and chsrefore, they appear 1 Hadad etalon Bard. as Spe, oui Wagan, | Betwsaiinasid-and dogmata, “Tradition. at tines, docs be BEUMSAME rae bryuets mapter ae come a sonise of dogmas. ia phiaophical thinking. Bac 18 Eee a ei igs eel nH oan this thers true tt a completo at taoal breaking away em! eocarsral to as tendition is Senshi, These pha witht eso besos eens Sa} : ‘homely and et Ieakng eoyedy oie super napa’ Hl tion. The plilovepuy that they produce iecnmes dexivative — H a kind of moonlight. philoanphy. Thorctore, wliat x nseded ito re-thiakthe MgughG af the contempncaty Indian thinkers ing both the poinic of repti¢on and thoge of original thinking ‘The present work cain to serse. that furpos in is ‘own anadrt w3, "The werk is nainly exposhary; at times, reflections or citcal ‘comments have teen mind, but they have Been made with the . Sole intention ef cartying some of the complex concepts: For fitful exposition of a tought ors point oF view, i MPpre- ‘ation is avesary, and m cedar to uppreiate w thought-ystem is exgental vo establish some head of idealiBcaion with it “That ie sliy'the expesition thraighout is. somewhat sympa- heli, even when objections are rated ant diculies apprehend toh, they serve tha purpose of Relplog We understanding. of 4 Jlifeult nation of idea si mata Ir india today ter ae wo driest orem of piocopice epeeicn ha a inn actvtea Big alent side by Ons i the higd to nga CANES SE topty in 'whigh both the belcal andthe gel geopts ‘OMT basins 7EBunBBRS Uavice Une, + take enteces|, and the other isthe kind of phitGeophicel tivity £ DRENDEN that i purely academie au somewhat ‘professorial’, "This ork hag ao sien due regard ws the Laller lttougts thinkers Jie KC. Bhattacharya and iudlrishmin can be add to. be che Cenuesentatives of this group. ut i ie posible # develop. oriprevensive view of Ue plilosophiral atuvitis that are being pursue in the universes of india by the teachers nd students Di phulessphy. Thi of course will be a ajog” wel in lel! dal beer il deserves. separate eotmeat aeallempt eo arcinge Unese thoughly nan aeadeae avel vslemali’ munncr mé wih am intial diffenley — the lial requrding the aoletion of twpies, Notorlly. only sch wpies sere selected whieh appraréd to Be ‘phisceophical nm hic, tuken logether, ould give a contprckensive pivtare uf a though sytem. ‘The Work includes coughly tho chinsere of the exenieth ‘entry sith ths. sole sXeeption uf Sarai. Vwekananul, hove Phitosaphisal activitir seve coufiged tthe ate sesond Walt of he ainetceulh century. ‘hie werk does aot sham to_ be ally comprehensive is some fof the contemporary Indian thinkers have abl been sla ib it. Tht is ebedy om account of tbe Huet that amy allermpt 0 reduce their thoughts ine thé academic. Teedels of philosophy ‘we nsccssaiy invale erpottions 1M thanks are tue to MS Moa Banatsidass for consenting o publ the work 1 am partiewarly gestful to Shri ainendr P. Jain who wok pertoaa! interest 20 the project and nspeed vee Ls expeiile the ee Destine af Phitcopiy, acs Kenn Lat Manat Crivesity Both Goya ZONTENTS bares rnantinrios Charstarnties of Cortempocty indian ‘lane od Sunt Vrckanana ‘ie, "theinfuances dit sbaped bis philseenhy. His nietanhgsial smadpoint. Reality wad Cod. roots Toe God's oxience | Some vlter characte of Goa, Nature of the 9a: Maya. Necuie of tun, The Physiol arae of Man. Tha Srivimal rowre of Man. Freee and Kamm, Detiny of the Nei + Roatiolion uf Immotully, Leilencer in its favous Herureof the Libersted, Wage of Realisation = The way of Knowledye (Jaiawgegl. (lhe way of Devotos (Bhabteminzy, The wey af Avion (Camma-mazeay, Thee way at Exschology (RSinyoes). A Baal note on ie feut, Mindset Yous. cRebginny“its nature etalon on a veceimiry supe of a2. Origin ef “fesigion, Nauane of Religion, Noture and Tasal of ee dibivaFal Religions UL Rabiviconast Tazose Introsuelinu, Genel Pallapuphicn!stamlpoint, Reni aaa Goth Prov for Gos otters. Ceo toa Deetsie. of Mish Degree af Realty Feta ef Man, @) The fei pate of 4a {iy Toe Ant pspctat raga GH) The teapot, Stmaste nature ise and Bad Wale of feign, Human Dosing. ‘The Probes nf 6 Sve nf Restheden * i) Souhoonscsbest and telecomipiners i) Vie naye * Weal i Tine Retlannou i:tellon, Revieaton of Beruy tlanson ofthe ute: goes itnensm the Goxmtoo, Line Doetine a9 ee wit Couns Teh ohare Candis ¥ Fistaachantea Bhar ren Vite Tnflorases thse shaped hk Thoweht. Got ‘Life. Goneral Uharaeter of hie Thosgts.. Comoept od"teath, “Teuk is Gnd. Proofs far the exit ‘of Fhilesony =. Gi Theotstis - consisness fence of God. Some cher chaowecs of God. Satca its four grades, Since, Philoneyy oF the objec, bth work, Nature of Maw Kamie and shit Philosophy oF the Spict, Bhilecaphg ef Trae Novinlence, The tesliigue of Aim: Satya ‘Theory of kmowlsdge. Negacion ithe ble of tafe. Reauivernents of a SAe/Raraht. KAN of his phitnsshs.” Notion of fahieaity (a) “The Sesyaueaa. Philasopy of Bot and Means. Rll subjocand the object (4) fitter adalat ct aub> son aad Morality =) ‘Whats Religion. (i) the Jestviy ©) A sumaug up. Progressive roan ‘way of Religion fi) atte towards Tiving Mele tion of the Subjeree treotnm, Concept of, Be lon Gv). atitude vowarde Hindufsn, Morality [Rheolate and dy ater ( Religion And Morality (i) what +6 Slory ? 4G) The Cardinal Virmee, Suit and Poltios! YES. athesiisinan 257302 dows = G) Society. Gi) The wotara¥ ness othe Lies Natate of bia philosophy.” Nature of the Narove-tih Breid Latour (&) quality of "wee Uitimate Reatins. ‘The bsobsee or the Grshma. vis) Ebovr, Capital un the Doctrise of Trusteesip Absolvie and God. World. Natuie of the. Soul {The codomic basis of Socity (WR) agnnst 100 The faite aseris of Mam. The Tae aspoct of touch of Tadastriatzation (ity Mea and. Women ifaw's gature, seue natose of the Soul. Swing fn Society x) Nature, 6f his Petition sas (x) thee charivers. Ace Souls one or. muamy Re oti fended - Suara}. aly The Sate: and he Ennctrine of Kebieds,” Hoase Dest. The Way Andivideal” (i) Deceotealinticn (i) Ideal Siaué of Realiufon, Retiptn. ts naliee, "Rollgous Ex and "Survodiss) (ait Edication: (xe) Sas Perisher. Essence of Religion, The Way ‘0 Ref Notional, Imtemanionaisn. —"" * ty PA etiinent of Mysisism, Difrenc mays of Knowing ladoquacy of Sorte exper, Lande: AY $4, aobindy S87 LAY Ss, neh say qmoy of nist! Copsition, anton eh Sense Shgeessons talon aa fuellrt Natuee of . Teitve Apprbenson Tite, The Hillosophicil Dackyrcund, The Two Negalions, Reality = Saelanaada-” The Pare fp Faistent, "The Consciouroen-foron. “the delinht of 3 Existence : Bliss. Nate of Creation. the world VI Six Moteimanad tabet sos. ' process : Descent of Invelution. Maya and. Lie Li. Gener uttoduavioa, Natute of Jotwtion, Saggntor Beoution. The four Theares of Exel : Stjeionsapnnat Tn considered) Nufore of ‘noc, “Nature of Mau.” Rebjeilt wnil the Law of the Self, Nature uf the Workl. Space snd Tinaz. arm. Henorance, i ofgin aml asters, Too The World as igo, Gol, On the lesiianal Seventy grsmes, The Superind. Tre ple roofs far the atoms ul, God. God ay the salon of the Superting. "he tp traformtio Sterne Ego. Auiioigs of God. Rava Gnostic Being and. Iivime Lifes o) Nature af Oxnipetencs, Eerity, Fmaneyee and, Tranmere le Gnostic Betag (i) Gypes of Gaostic Haine Gi) Serer. again Destiiy, unportiase of Prujer, Peroaality of the Guostie Being. The Divine Life ikbograph \ sasan <dptseral Yous, dernnenre, Hoist Iegaal 7 tex pes ASTROLUCLON Cwrguta tog af Contarnparare ladon Pallasuphy Inisn Philsesply tpilag “ie stealing gunost at a crass. oud, tie ausions to sutein the forsee of dhe contutiet wf ity mauition tarough whieh i bas zon, md yet it camce iGited lo overlook the ‘sialic ele and “the. empiccnd nikias of Uke pecsentstiy world. Ht isin. Suck ainle oF inte confi! Ul te guniempneary Unekan thinker develo Ie sistem of thinghl, Me. tict le aseaye. this predicomenl 5p sterling the vane uf lee aowtanty of ttidition Sith @ tereytl Nines eenpasisng lat hese alemeats je not Sgainse tie eet Tie temper of le resend workl. Coueegueniy, web (Bey wave been ible to erates fs come hind of un ensl-ies-ayatis ops. ice om account of this ‘bat some peuple charters ‘Cagtempc fon Phlcsuphy, as nuerprelauive amd not ‘eaingl) Bue Wat ras ® qiewion of more TinMawzmal ‘BiaEE Won iss pisonty Jot inepretallom ind wen due itbecooccuatte 7 it tat @rilee pheeopty mere ae toe ort tet dre capaut nue tay onBwelly th a Sak oftwerjetion ? Ch ves actor any arguscat to daw tut nteywcition” od creaies thang. ace not eoar Biss Socsne of eech oer Siokary, or expe, ba SShumaai cy the "Fesin Saneryand ya is one of the mae wlan Tatica ha cbe wot. hay ever pecan Mion ait tat be Sees Ihe sabacaptee of Fiesty fom the wieght: nd weatge afters atl Jo Lis posompl a consent xt clio splot ce Stn (cosenrenIplagflnkacs sent tne pret semfat i aucete Mess devied ole? ROa Ue Upems reread art alowed ae come vrs ey oastngy We ists oa natal spect sly oe ae a thay are any ha Severe sl Sse Fre a uF source within erin Lait) ’ eis gud tbat eters phFeanphy Gr the ebeek of ig oFigin rut sity Brita Shilosoghe seaescly empiiees and a Arocan Piles cote neta and pape 0 ‘tlsation, Tram Suicenny ‘oraoutats, wie Cae Faiowopny i precrninenly spilt te in Cian Ptnophy cate Subd oe mtn, Teas rg et shin meditation te Po powen ofthe ul and oh Naar Gensays ndlan Phinophs dere opty by tie oat tay spl on vata at ee spec “teal and silererldh) Bets desoupin ac ane trot fe ieee mpm hat dan Puleghy he ne Concern wih thinly vase At lat Conary ining ‘Hanya shou wot be decbed AL My cto the dlimcy otis Wailea wae: but fern oso ns opty om-sef nar dcioe gone counidoratons that ate sted and ‘thévworly. In, Fac Sotonctgeray Indien ska tere he te eee as fon Hesaply tye spl atoning Samal ite Face n ayeid = taf opal Brow te pce ase tenocto te Wesel it perfect. Tgushors thei ites te Sacchi gal aster fiber Teese rire “TR—Ts Conk, The. word “weave oe aS ‘Seppsisiane Wethe toed ean eae fei Sten the wart gishtst Wit eee ee ee Save laden phfoonier wns wea ce tay power of Rare sg acspsty of lf iuaseumn ak {ae bimel Me betes cote acd attend te ay Know aore aboot thom" poe Neale fe “oUnatve spesltea! be nstics pon i eco oe ‘Bis powers tnd maker ayeanous oe mee eee teow plosply tise it bith Th das, eet het fm rosa ho mane athe aphate te ‘rar 40d ores Pocae reo ie tee nee es tinh ss hes able to modtate upon the succes eae OF bork Nie and vay Thlppayn age aeegh io rape such ae of ating gaint Te ee fhe ede teet ind sto wile Upeseade eta oe crt be a0 cen tle eoaeneipe ates Ga Svsnerance pode in ttl et ee ad oe a Phlesoghy s0 met pra tg Boy Oe eae the Indian Philccophér througitout biaeay his owtnnd proceeds a particulse wey and foows a articular ancoess, Through soine meditative insight the Thesker sble a grasp vom notion or idea. That becomes s0 sete of his hele nd nowt te vonveatrites his mtedusive capacity Sn andec 10 Ling a cational justivation fay the elit that he Ise tlteady cowe tw told.” Now, rational Semonsteaions, este ronts, eeckans — wl become seuondury because traiht sre vealed 16 the Uinker ina iii isight That is why ae inion ehinzers believe. th ruth can Bs Known uly by some sepsscationtt coxdition, Contemporary Indian thinkers so have advpredl the Some method of mediutive spasblstinn, aud henog, they SHO Te Gol ala 1a tatoos ane Tet value whist morally silashed to te) leas: fy Inia opare the Coutewperary igdiva thishore, are very Tithfal to the tuaiion of Phuseap TNow, ‘ts re 30-3 ‘uifon, ts ontling the characterign of Comerporacy Indian Piilesophy emptusisiog. the fet thet NC sbuce with the ancient Tair Tat aT alae poe vai rggger ta which i apheare ‘0 be goveT aud dierent tem the iter J — * “Aneisnt indian Whilavonty’ is sail to be bate un, bat cam be-all, a tinge seme of le, 8 somehow belies thet ie fs ful of saering avd Ia the wis of religion an philosapmy ito attain feed from stfecing. Tae. Contemporary Jatin thinker Ackinelees the ality of suring anil-epesl about the NoRTBING of an scape tow Te abd get he approaches the problem ing difigent wy. He vOe—to We T neabiag “Had ‘BURROW Bad makevrC pect ofthe process of epinfaal et Some of the cortemparary Indie thirkers 20 t0 the ete! of saya that ici theogh pain and sering that Le pes age Diy and = kuz sigiicanced Fok he contemporary Indian thinkers (he wsts of pilesophi- col slonkidp esa oousidersigos thet e6s estoy. Tugets Sierras anne Te Paricular, ane the exatntl cond ‘ions of-ayen, speak of the IHS of eace aad angus — of fear and horglon — and asin that life menaliing fo the mit ot Anil io spte of them. [878 GUE that they alep speak about the ‘este escine, more. ap lee, nthe aoonner oF fhe. agcient Thiam teinkese. ht they make 9 distincfon Between Ihe’ conem, oF philowophy ata he dea! of philexaplcal thinking, hilo opty somone with cbe eric india (rg the AL Dl ais Mesias, hot the ullioole del Ua recomasiems isthe sedemplion both cf te watsrdudl und of thy rast. ‘That is why Soneemposary. Indian thinkers asceptthe-telity of the wort sné olsa ef tre Dedily agpsct of max. Unlike The auient Jad:nn thinker, whe thinzs thar 4 comple: conte! ff the kody, tho sonoer utd the mind ie eaeential or eprint groweh, tio comtemporary Indiiathioker covommends shaw these propeaslf are vol Ie se Hille bul pevicied,. The world ta considered as the only eld t= meio smd Ube body ay “the Temple of the Divine, iv hy nemphasisiag Ihe ceality of Vee And. by aig, to ile only #041 Tbe was sume role i Ise Iroesse of spievel gromuh Unt the coalermociry. Indian Thinkers coveer thesrelvas to he lose Tye pei ae mmc, of he prorat Ua) Phiwsistiy im kndia defined at Dasa aon, Ste belie ex’ Usa atlosoghy is capable of feng a vision of, really. Typ leon philosophy comer to be aesoeletsd wit th actual Ani he practical problem of gain and sufering. ‘he ancient Jedi siloxeplsr believes chat autfering een axeoait ot cbt Hgootin vegening tho aanue of the real Becks we canoe ‘uke 4 Wiinovon betwen the zeal and the unreal, we orcs oveica en attache for the upresl andthe tsanwient axl suc elfen} The ecemnporary Tatar thincee vit thy psd Blame in aGuevot wag. TTe halstes tha shilusoply yan ntide > way of looling af cingcd Philosplsel hulle Snobles eto oultiverg an aitnse™Wat"ene eer a eninly Siierant poraoegtive deaw the ons thar ee normally wp even liagh Ife situations vamay ihe ating the india whe. ie ably Uneullvate suc am ative is ath saad hy Wfesiwlions ia Exe miner in wien be use to be ce ca by tiem ia the pu. When o obild comes te know wise a frankonote is, ne does not trot it like any other pager. Mind, fog exemple, ia ts inti aagss of developracn: might have treated a pokcore like any otter sone, but whew ic strie to realise it vale, dip wilde towards’ the gold-ore ehumge) ‘ikeoie, when we considor ourasives ne separate og0%. take lek one wey treuting she porldae if itis meant only fos as. But ance pallosopaisal uoderstznding enables set doiss that 0 are one with all, she sspnrative tendeney — tin Teuleny to neguite a US possess eheTges. in this way Ure eenlempociry Lidiaa thinker pls tye aM! wlue ia a vary zee Boll, “Tis shows tat ip"ovemporrg tion Udvias we eha cae struggling wit the shone gl Teepe ance igus oterienaaed- Cusp oF bard, veh teatercaTe, eee commas to Hea ME SoRToApOaEY at ent BY view thinker’ fel thet ‘prohleas’ 30 noc hinge ond thie Urey wg, he rewod and resfowed eons newer Sud uewes peuepeclives. Whatevor might ave been the 1a700, fhe contemporary Inian Ccisker teste deve nevione ia a meen” het quite Galersns from Gast of. the aneleat Iris thor er Socoring athe ansieol Tadian izinler sd Liese neviens ae hesond tle giasp of cattery experience or of Ike ‘tele, This ly these nockoss apna to be very tush bates — exeu sunlit: Contemporary "flan. thinkers keep eu re Tating [news ntiou® fa tun Hf and Bapitisnee,” Sateetion Selig is Divine Lif ace tne ditsteat nantes ive Uo_fhe SOACET TION Unvaeiablg an vTteviph hiads go gestae TRE TH gots “OF Teese law on ROMY Te Hla 1S) For excise, {f id that one can hnve Ress of imusertaMt esen in thie, Ife reaper of indulgsmes ia fhe 2¢t8 oF pins Joy Hike susie, facnbele armeatpitns, rations! fright, Saical beasionr el, Ae tains, ari fy suggested that [tequel these ove ambit the idoa of the sate af Mboraton’, Fest the Vedintiy Hie 13050 Feveure searnple thal of drsanes lop, whi isnot actusliy Pela sc eaniaace, Fle alas! 4 stuf of expereueienuase Dae eoneumoney Loiea thinker takes ehxraples fom Lae folie! axperlgnec offs ad Ubrs easeaeds to. vane went, is seNGnnibe abstracts of these naticas, These sxperionces, eisaae enporesily, enable usto forget the Sunder: oretdane wNtnnce wdlead 29 to 0 aten! word — a wel of puns joy ‘Rew thi ai Geconneswreaean (or hivlug shout she rosie Dish af the aetainaunt of a atule in wbiclt chia jey will be enter area Fer uarins Deen ef abun, 366g dat Us eae ‘ethane some sation fel, 80 rast th cy tein pst to sora fasues there eppenys 10 be w gener agreement anions ham. babal; however, preseuts a diffou'ey ta the way fof yenerulication (cave Re Telonge to a diferent tradtdon Sill chere fy a suikingsimlaity between ncuxe aspects of i Oggi anal those of other ehinkor. ‘Reine oF tbe prominent Issac fis renpect to. which al Dose “nkete appenr to be ia‘agrcoment arc mérism,, realty of che world, igtegeal nature of man, digeity of manaein reality’ of Thaman feosdom, importance of imwitive: Knowledge etc. All ‘ete thinkere are monits, but Monien- oxprozes itelF die. ‘nity io al of thom. According to ome the distinction botwcen ‘Mowism,end Moaotheism 's imeevaat com> of thom while secorting he oneness of Ie Absolute, make God a necessity aapect of ibe Ateolite, and aucurding tu scrae ofhere, the moniste ohacier’ off cealily carries il nfo the real of the Indefinite Likwis, all of them ghe to the World 2 rality and anert fs. diguity’ of umanness. They ull believe thatthe deal of life cai be reached only by irunscending the finite ord, and yet, hey “all are “onb_ in asserting that being in the world or ‘cing Rum is net = misfortune as the ancient Tndfan thinkor tke it to bo. ‘Again, théy all comuchow believe that the apprehension” of sealigy 8 possible only dhrough soive intuitive awereness. This aareness bos been named disferemtly by the dEfoecnt”thlskers, Dut they all ares one in beiving thatthe awareness of zeality 1 posible nul by vemseoesperionee of by stelectnal rensoning, Dut by 1 kind of ropercomociogsness — animtultive Zag into the rely, Nou thi! wave or intellect has got been assigned any roles sey have (rei own functions to posfora ik tveir ow Fealnta but they eqnnot ties apprebend the, reality. hig spocial bind of awareness ns not been ceveeived” tab gidialy SSbsimct manner, it hve boun shown hat i iste’ souesiboation ‘sf he kind of seuviies (hit mind performs, Ete demonstrate that everybody Ts capable ‘of hav some intuitive awaroncs, Whey, bosonslant and disciplined practice, one i able to inti the provers ighescot ia mind, he sin have dntutine coguitons ff the reality. Thun, thee IBinkers assert at [ig fealty fs —— ots mysterious foelly: tis mara 1 man, snd Toereatly Dosent ever fod ‘Tureen have amie views to ofer with respect. to the soto st hue fein ana. Ie noon of feedom, Roe et ie nov cleal or coi ite wetaphgioal oe esc. Wi beloved that nan fice oth een nd eta fail. An intersig.coucason flow fron bot te fetus Orman ind hh lames destiny Aesordon (0 Cem {hveta wean conteadcbey inet in an pote {ly foes te eerain-abtaler hee o has gman pot Mooud banelfappenrto init hinweino. emake forts Sowmoro tere sbaaci, bacon ony then ee eed of uly Tuas Recdome ile ven, Thare thinkers 0 he Ghtnt of wgnerg that ta rer aideaty of the dual ‘ot cbtorieg even in beste of telation ‘Then, tgcaptemporasy. joa -thinker_ tive sat ilorspiy e'Seenialy ta ap wie Te Poem The anc Tas pilosopher baled ath, fu his cqnor jas tthe Sf ten bie re wn consctacd sik pear cut ME Frnsipe The contemipora iniag thinker relates puowonly Cai a life at-gscupe, bac to this very fife. He'aivertsahat Far ate reiiog motge the rk of he inaidual iat Seer, i ito contin he fate Wor Hving a ie ide Cetinyearelpng thei in tanking te Yea alle ac fife No oane the ay _com fe sae UTIs TRE Hee FF aed) tan “Fis stoner on rating Philosphy 1 fe han place the contampontty Lalita Filocopnr let in 4 state of Quandt. He i age to poner be seboley cherac'cr of Ms port hago becancok afford to ovenkthe demand tat Pneop09 fn tote mare ose tote. Het avare thal there 8 die (uta fener ‘aputeleacaemicptsophy — tbeghleepty State vohehig, and 'pblosophy of Me abi cavenee” the Dhilsepufthe wise mwa Lie ¢ad aoe io tite Farin: I he shocees lola che aya the hola, Bt ‘Palecopa cores te haat of fey inlcual adventures, eee ut nf ha he hecomes dentedund fs eosin of oe lccowy nosy Teo he he choses the leer cous, the Sango hat Rh peeophy a loge a ests and ge 0d become ‘popolir’ and commoaplve’ The conteuponary India thinker is very use wae of this crisis and socks way uth by sleking a batanee Betwoen the two. HE comes to raft thatthe two pursuits are aot afier_all completely inconspatible th egeh other — thal iis pésibe Forte acholur to be ‘the Tran of wile’ and vce were He comes ty soe tit am the Tndlan ‘tealion tect? the two pessits ae combinsd in the career of the grea tinker, Safa, Ue able iu himselt both acbolindp* aad "wisdom Of, He able to devsiop wal debate upon Rishly tex to epicremiony aod mepinaica, and osuggetad Work out aay of BP. (Ue conlemPoricy linn hitkers lea this lesson well, nod ry"t0_phiesophike shout Ife ie destiny without leiog ths scholar in hem 14 ceapinsin the backround.) But all of tam. go om substare Hating thie awa view hy quoting support fom thinkers oth of the east and the west, and never miss an oppartunty of des- crtbing ard referring to a relvame potut of view borrowed. trom Iadtion oF ‘ivisey. That is wh both che common man and the scholar derive From their welings wot only satisfaction but encvah ‘Toe! for their of Drought Si Ayrebidy in part ealar hag ercied temernlous intece both on TIE pepalae ined and'on the waar, “Seboloer ewer nT i MS writings a TRU Tears Sous for er seholacly phzeits — ewnmen tarics and. dissertations and Hkewise, countless fadividuaks have beew able to lara ‘a way of HES from hia teachings. Pesbaps iL on acount oF this thar Cooteraperary tndian Philosepby ‘dove aot completely Gt in the mould ¢f TMilesophy prepared Dy the techniel pliloxophy wf the wen, where pilowphy ae boiome the ‘exclusive purwit of some academic men ofphilesopty. ‘they ace of the rm convition that phila- ophy cam neither collate w metaphysical workdvlew wor fm ovtline wey of life, Hor them, philosophy, becaaly pening, ia tochaique' ‘a ijl of thinking ‘away section” | 4 with the help oF which moles, ambiguities, vagueneases ct, cum he cleared, wets insights can be erinod and) new Raver can erase, Yor them, philosophy iva poral intelletval pursuit, pursued for the joy of anal best, for the clarfcation of eonezpis. The contemporary Indien thinker, while con-diea the positive elainw of Iker wexterm-counlerpart, a0! prepared le oe wich them In their negative sasertions, faved for thera eo, ‘clrifeatvr? fy ont of the main functions of Piilysophy: ut this ise aay eouble the purser te culivate a particular ‘xorld-view Me fetls that i possible 12 combine the va pursuits togoiuer, fw Gyo he ds oF the opinion (hat ery attempt 1 clazifestion presoproses 4 stumlpoiot aml pengective, Irom whick aloue that chrifeation cin be celevint or signin, “That it why In Ilr vlungs one comesseroas both scholarly and highly utelectuad wnadvaes und deiberstions snd alsa positive ‘ggsstions regarding conduc, behaviour and the way of Hk. here's one parievar point with setpeet 40 whieh there ‘uppeare to be an inplicit'warvetaent among ll the vonter porary thinkers of fadia, They wre all ia a parlvulae sence, Thumanist, Some of them combine ‘both. bwnmagism and TWomanilertoisn. Kor eximple, Swami Vivekonend wes to ive fo bis philosophy » bunianistic garb, and at the au lime, recommends very steoggly hamanilaran work zod se Bue their philosophical bumaniim i of @ particular type Tn a very basic sense every standpoint haa to he homaaiste The minimum of huraniam it inevitable, because the hasie equipotent fer viewing thing ix ite! nan equipment. Bot there ix a comtrovors# with respect t this Hamane Tam these days bas come to neque a definite import it ik Screrte horaunivm, Ics based “on the alization Uist i¢ ip rman hiteslf who ct shape his ova destiny. The achievements of science and technology, dhe cvetinoressing succosscs fa come ‘walling and even sobdying the forecs of Nature have given to m2 st eort of'a elf-confidance a confidence in hiy gwen eapacioes, CConsequestly hy comes to-asirt that_everything convening man deponds ultimately on man Wirascf. As suchy he does not fect the need of relying upor nay. super-nalicd ine spitte tual powers, Thus, this kind of Afwmaniain becomes postivisti soular aad this worllly ny omlook. These dave Ihe sept) ‘Mhungoiam’ pas some tant for, is, purity beta “Dovid ths doctrine is mot compatible with the mand- point ace by te. Conlenparary Indian Thinker. They Tree wiping lh inthe taney aa ‘a0 idol, (as sich 4 pvenn mania will bo gue vith the sega THT Cetera ne -PSNEE algo beams is 1 BOTIOR Trina ETURENT aE Tek uikee adopt Oy fa more comprehensive than tito Homanisw.Tndced st io! corporates even that with fs hoseim an gays samcthiag mor Cie Comempernry Indian diingses have sugoceded ig obiternt / Tag_tiw opposition Decwaee “iumanien™and“epiliualim, by saggy at Te Foiarepslans ant cnmngiecade tien ‘Tagine sad Radidkrabnen, in particulay, have developed tilt Benyng sone OTT Whatever se may be meant hy the Fpreaion FSmanism’, this touch is certhin that il 4 wuy of viewing things by reloving them to man's couesens, I ceolres found mom, aad ssserts that the cupaciien the characters, the qualities of rman have to be given fullest expression. (Tagore ond Radbokrichaen oluLout that the concept of Diora Gueralystuads Tor “spi TG Erfnging out Che inmost and Gie seseaTet aatuat et 4 hie will to do something yt tat is not alk, ee i yet Soothes get ofthis ation, Contemporaey Iain thoee ant that im aah of, sali SpE CERO RTS eatinemroerg prosresing pincem) ToT user salted wit the aun iv Beall Iv ahaie Re aatateoon ie fon, ies ateajeaapting for owe — Tor going Wiahor od Wither. Coptemporsey Indias Winters decree iat the verona] conse GFE BETO Tepsieegtetee sper SF ota be RUD fat Ms Heo cee ooo ‘most npOTERHT aad baste aspects of man, aT Therefore even Wis most be given fullexpreion, "Fhe BOWL. desires nave UE lve xiven air doe OTE out aepirtTon also represents tke maiaue ‘herscter of min— unique because oaly man hie Abin kiad of ‘wpitation. Therefore, thee thinkers recommend that this aspect ‘Ais also be given its Fulet expression sted. that ‘wind, an stilote spidtonl pursuits. Spiritualism iy nothing bot _Irying to si those urges of mun that tabiend The ating abasienL le) “Therelote 7” Humnestaer alowed fall expression, ai the Timur oFaeniracions will Dave (@ be atsled- Ga that_sease scifi bo TWoger Temes Tapas wi in this_seras thet Contempo: lout becom ai sapect oF EI Ta spite of Te enuphasit on spiniteal Ce SRT oe te mie ar He copa pe TE ‘neato fete dhttme offre od that murine said to felis duos of wer tl seus he Sharpe of rn 9 Trig he sul apd ees nef me at Sen eats al tig ang SHR at habe ig OF aay ae A oleae as ere ‘tify Buosoisa tad Dano extend esasaa- “Lares piimue the poret ail fiitber. Weas ie the ecsence of rota it iat ature 7 Tot ante an :9 be gen Flay. bot prey hate fcnite Hota, Bs be have soon, ayers thal that_cnnsiste TE Te wpieatieany urges and capacities of mau -and that choy hae wi" DE giver fullest expression! But Iet us analys the nature oF Muss wepe SRtourriinycr Itt acai ponte sone Homann mires or cvedocke ove very fmdameatl ape Shaan Sprwion. tue tat here sapatonenai i en