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Contemporary Austrian Politics PDF

304 Pages·1996·29.712 MB·English
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Contemporary Austrian Politics Contemporary Austrian Politics EDITED BY Volkmar Lauber First published 1996 by Westview Press, Inc. Published 2018 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1996 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contemporary Austrian politics I edited by Volkmar Lauber. P· em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8133-2890-X (he) 1. Austria-Politics and government-1945- 2. Political parties- Austria. I. Lauber, Volkmar. JN2012.3.C66 1996 320.9430--dc20 95-50931 CIP ISBN 13: 978-0-367-00963-2 (hbk) Contents Tables, Figures and Graphs ix Acknowledgments xi Map ofA ustria xiii 1 History and International Context Helmut Kramer 1 Introduction, 1 Habsburg Monarchy, 5 First Republic, 10 Second Republic, 16 2 Political Institutions WoUgang C MiiUer 23 Institutional Framework, 23 Direct Democracy, 25 Parliament, 26 Federal President, 29 Cabinet,32 Administration, 36 Constitutional Court, 39 Judiciary, 42 Audit Office, 43 Federalism, 45 Conclusion, 50 3 Political Parties WoUgang C MiiUer 59 Introduction, 59 Origin and History, 60 v vi Contents Challenge to Political Parties, 63 Legal and Financial Status, 64 Electoral System, 68 Parties in the Electorate, 71 Party Organizations, 76 Ideology, 87 Party System, 90 Conclusion, 93 4 Corporatism -The Austrian Model Emmerich Talos 103 Preconditions, 104 Development and Structure, 109 Political Role, 113 Social Partnership Since the 1980s, 117 5 Economic Policy Volkmar Lauber 125 Introduction, 125 Establishment of Austro-Keynesianism, 127 1975-1986: Full Employment by Public Debt, 132 1987-1993: Consolidation and Restructuring, 137 Austrian Economy Today, 141 New Fiscal Crisis, 145 6 Foreign Policy Helmut Kramer 151 Introduction, 151 World War II to State Treaty (1945-1955), 153 Foreign Policy and Neutrality (1955-1968/70), 156 Globalization (1968/70-1983/84), 162 11Realistic Foreign and Neutrality Policy11 (1983/84-1989), 169 Road to EU Membership (1989-1995), 175 Conclusion, 192 7 Environmental Politics and Policy Volkmar Lauber 201 Contents vii Career of the Environmental Issue, 201 Ecological Modernization of the State, 203 Environmental Situation Today, 206 Summary, 209 8 Political Culture Peter Gerlich 213 Patterns, 213 Origins, 218 Implications, 219 9 Agencies of Socialization Franz Homer 223 Mass Media, 223 Educational System, 226 Catholic Church, 230 10 The Politics of Regional Subdivisions Herbert Dachs 235 Defining the Problem, 235 Historical Developments, 235 Provincial (Land) Governments, 238 Constitutional System of the Liinder, 240 "Cooperative Federal State", 242 Cooperation Among the Under, 243 Parties and Politics, 244 Changing Trends, 248 11 Conclusion and Outlook Volkmar Lauber 253 SPO-OVP Duopoly, 253 Chai1ging Stage of Politics, 256 Basic Statistics 263 Chronology 265 List ofA cronyms 267 Selected Bibliography 271 viii Contents Postscript: The Elections of1995 277 About the Contributors 279 About the Book 281 Index 283 Tables, Figures and Graphs Tables 1.1 Direct Invesbnent Compared Internationally (1985) 3 1.2 Per Capita Level of Industrialization 1750-1913 6 1.3 Industrial Production Index 1929 12 1.4 Unemployment in Austria in the Inter-War Years 13 2.1 Federal Presidential Elections Since 1945 31 2.2 Austrian Cabinets Since 1945 33 3.1 Austrian Parliamentary Elections, 1945-1994 74 3.2 Party Loyalty in Elections, 1979-1994 75 3.3 Popular Disenchanbnent with Parties and Politicians, 76 1979-1989 3.4 Party Members and Organizational Density, 1945-1994 81 3.5 Motives for Joining a Party, 1%9-1985 83 3.6 The Austrian Party System, 1945-1994 91 5.1 Public Debt as Percentage of GDP 1974-1991: An 133 International Comparison 6.1 Austrian Diplomatic Missions 155 6.2 Development Aid by Country in International 168 Comparison 6.3 Interest in Foreign Policy Issues 175 6.4 Sense of Being Affected by Foreign Policy 175 6.5 Number of Persons Requesting and Number of Persons 187 Granted Official Refugee Status, 1982-1994 ix

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.