Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East

392 Pages·2004·4.537 MB·English

by  Salim Yaqub

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containing arab nationalism
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the new cold war history
john lewis gaddis, editor
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c o n t a i n i n g
AR AB
n a t i o n a l i s m
the eisenhower doctrine
and the middle east
Salim Yaqub
the universityof north carolina press | chapel hill and london
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©2004 The University of North Carolina Press
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Designed by April Leidig-Higgins
Set in Monotype Garamond by Copperline Book Services
Some material in the book is drawn from Salim Yaqub,
“Imperious Doctrines:U.S.-Arab Relations from
Dwight D.Eisenhower to George W.Bush,”Diplomatic
History26,no.4 (Fall 2002):571–91;used here by
permission of Blackwell Publishing.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence
and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines
for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Yaqub,Salim.
Containing Arab nationalism:the Eisenhower Doctrine and
the Middle East / Salim Yaqub.
p.cm.—(The new Cold War history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn0-8078-2834-3 (cloth:alk.paper)
isbn0-8078-5508-1 (pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Middle East—Foreign relations—United States. 2.United
States—Foreign relations—Middle East. 3.United States—
Foreign relations—1953–1961. 4.Arab nationalism.
I.Title. II.Series.
ds63.2.u5 y37 2004 327.73017'4927'09045—dc22 2003017879
cloth 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1
paper 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1
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To Fawzi Yaqub, Penny Williams Yaqub,
and the memory of Dorothy Seibert Yaqub
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contents
Abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
1
The United States and the
Arab Middle East,1941–1956
23
2
Birth of a Doctrine,
November 1956–January 1957
57
3
Launching the Doctrine,
January–April 1957
87
4
The Conservative Moment,
March–June 1957
119
5
The Syrian Crisis,
July–December 1957
147
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6
The Nasserist Onslaught,
January–April 1958
181
7
The Lebanese Crisis,
April–July 1958
205
8
Death of a Doctrine,
July 1958–December 1960
237
Epilogue 269
Notes 277
Bibliography 347
Acknowledgments 361
Index 365
viii contents
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illustrations and maps
illustrations
Cartoonist Herblock questions the Arabs’receptivity
to the Eisenhower Doctrine 6
Arab summit meeting in Beirut 36
President Nasser returns to Cairo 48
A child amid ruins of Port Said 54
Lebanese cartoon spoofs Washington’s notion
of a vacuum in the Middle East 84
President Eisenhower unveils the Eisenhower Doctrine 89
Eisenhower hosts a state visit by King Saud 104
King Saud meets with Crown Prince ‘Abd al-Ilah 105
The Americans and the British mend fences in Bermuda 114
James P.Richards meets with Eisenhower and Dulles 120
King Hussein in his new Mercedes-Benz 139
Egyptian cartoon derides King Hussein 141
Cartoonist Herblock ridicules Arab reverence for
Soviet achievements in rocket science 171
Crowds in Cairo cheer Shukri al-Quwatli and Nasser 187
The first U.S.marines arrive in Lebanon 229
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Iraq’s new leaders 258
Eisenhower and Nasser meet in New York 266
maps
1.The Middle East in the late 1950s xii
2.The Sinai Peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba 107
x illustrations and maps