Contagious communities : medicine, migration, and the NHS in post-war Britain PDF
Preview Contagious communities : medicine, migration, and the NHS in post-war Britain
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi CONTAGIOUS COMMUNITIES OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi Contagious Communities Medicine, Migration, and the NHS in Post-War Britain ROBERTA BIVINS 3 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Roberta Bivins 2015 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2015 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015931080 ISBN 978–0–19–872528–2 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi To Lisa OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi Acknowledgements Like all histories, this book was shaped not just by the historical moment in which it was written, but by conversations, questions, and ideas shared with me over the course of its lengthy gestation. I first thought about the questions raised here at the end of a postdoctoral appointment at the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Manchester. My colleagues there, and espe- cially the late John Pickstone, helped me transform a barrage of questions into a workable research agenda. In Manchester, too, I met the first of many generous and supportive NHS colleagues; without the early input of Stephen Tomlinson, Verna Angus Davis, and Rafeya Rahman, this might have been a different and much poorer response to the rich complexity of the British medical response to migration and ethnicity. From Manchester, I moved to the University of Houston, where the intellec- tual diversity of a large and thriving history department exposed me to new tools and agendas in the field. Conversations with Richard Blackett, Martin Melosi, and Joe Pratt in particular enriched my approach to the contexts— transatlantic, urban, and economic—in which migrants encountered new health care systems. I am grateful, too, for the hospitality of Robert Palmer; the friendship and collegiality of Xiaoping Cong, Susan Kellogg, Karin Klieman, Karl Ittman, and Eric Walther; and the warmth of Lorena Lopez, Donna Butler, Gloria Ned, and Daphne Pitre. The support of the Wellcome Trust has shaped and transformed my career and the field in which I work. A Wellcome University Award, gained under the aus- pices of Cardiff University and with the enthusiastic support and institutional input of Keir Waddington, allowed me the time I needed to immerse myself in a new field of scholarship and to luxuriate in new archives. At this early stage, Scott Newton kindly rescued me from near-total ignorance of the British polit- ical economy, and reminded me of the great variety of actors operating in the modern state. An invaluable interlocutor from the beginning, Bill Jones con- tinues to immeasurably enrich my understandings of migration as both a global and a local process, and one in which migrants’ contact zones play crucial roles both at home and abroad. Moving to the Department of History and Centre for the History of Medicine at the University of Warwick, I continued in my profligacy and fell yet deeper in debt. Without the support, prodding, and critical readings provided by David Arnold, Rebecca Earle, Margot Finn, Hilary Marland, and Mathew Thomson, in par- ticular, this book might never have been completed, and certainly would have been less coherent. Maria Luddy, both as a friend and a Head of Department, was gen- erous in her support, as were CHM colleagues Angela Davis, David Hardiman, and Claudia Stein. I learned at least as much about the NHS from working with OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi viii Acknowledgements Martin Moore and Jane Hand as I taught them. Jane’s research opened my eyes to the visual riches of health education, and without Martin’s incisive comments, these chapters would be both longer and muddier. In the wider community, Alison Bashford and Warwick Anderson have been inspirations as well as generous readers and interlocutors. Mark Jackson, Harriet Ritvo, and Allan Brandt have shaped my approach not just to this book but to the history of medicine as a discipline. John Welshman, David F. Smith, Adrian Wilson, and Nadav Davidovitch have all kindly shared work and ideas with me at crucial moments in my research and writing. I have also benefited enormously from the comments and questions of audiences at Birmingham, Leeds (both HPS and Centre for Medical Humanities), LSHTM, Oxford Brookes, and at the annual meetings of the American Association for the History of Medicine, the Society for the Social History of Medicine, and the Association for Medical Humanities. Hilary Marland and Catherine Cox gave me the perfect forum and pool of discussants in which to explore the intersections of migration and medicine at their University College Dublin conference on health, illness and ethnicity. Kat Foxhall asked me to think about rickets in new ways when she invited me to her workshop on illness histories at King’s College London. And I cannot thank Volker Roelcke and Sascha Topp enough for their workshop on the medical selection of economic migrants at the University of Giessen. The papers and participants they brought together gave me new insight into my own work at a vital moment. I am grateful to Kamila Hawthorne, Bernadette Modell, David Weatherall, members of the NHS Research and Development Forum, members and participants at IDEA Collaboration meetings, and many other medical professionals for sharing their experiences of research and clinical practice with me. Producing a work of this kind required me to develop new skills, a sometimes painful process with which I again received considerable help. Archivists at the National Archives in Kew, Manchester’s Central Library Archives and Local Studies Unit, the Modern Record Centre at Warwick, and of course, the Well- come Library gave me essential support and flawless service. Lynn Wright at Warwick’s University Library has miraculously expanded the digital and print resources available for my research and teaching despite ever-tighter library budgets, and Helen Ford of the Modern Records Centre has been an endlessly creative force for archival good. A clutch of articles preceded or were pruned out of this volume; to the anonymous readers and patient editors of The Bulletin for the History of Medicine, Immigrants and Minorities, Social History of Medicine, and Medical Humanities, I am very grateful: you helped me to frame and shape the wider arguments I present here. While none of these articles are reproduced as chapters, some heavily modified sections appear, for which I thank the journals in question. Thanks are due as well to the Punch Archives and the National Archives for allowing me to reproduce the images printed here. Claudia Castaneda’s close reading and many suggestions helped me excavate arguments from a superabundance of evidence. Sue Ferry, too, was a won- derful reader, and raised essential questions that had somehow escaped me. My editors at Oxford University Press, Robert Faber and Cathryn Steele, and three OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 07/17/2015, SPi Acknowledgements ix challenging and encouraging anonymous readers, helped me to significantly improve this book in its final stages. Elissa Connor’s meticulous copy-editing smoothed rough edges and rescued the reader from the many irritations of incon- sistency. All errors, of course, are mine alone. A wide and inadequately rewarded group of friends endured this book with remarkable patience and good humour: Julie (and the Ku clan who kindly shared her with me), Bill and Val, Christoph and Helen, John and Toni, Kate and Ben, Claire and Julia, Kevin: I cannot promise not to do this again. Family members too have suffered both my absence and my abstracted or disputatious presence; to Linda, Nick, Zach, and Abigail Gioppo, Joan Belsham, and Peggy and Nick Sr., I am especially grateful. Rachel and Jereme, thank you for providing the proof of Southern hospitality and charm. And finally, there are no words to describe the contributions made to this book, to my continued scholarship, and to my happi- ness by Lisa Belsham.
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