Construction safety & health compliance manual

898 Pages·2014·6.257 MB·English

139-M (2027)

139-M (2027)
OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Copyright 2014
J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.
3003 Breezewood Lane
P.O. Box 368
Neenah, Wisconsin 54957-0368
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
JJKeller.com
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 9061797
ISBN: 978-1-60287-971-3
Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) Number: R123-317687
All rights reserved. Neither the publication nor any part thereof
may be reproduced in any manner without written permission of
the Publisher. United States laws and Federal regulations pub-
lished as promulgated are in public domain. However, their
compilation and arrangement along with other materials in this
publication are subject to the copyright notice.
Printed in the U.S.A.
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OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Introduction
TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)isresponsibleformonitoringandsafeguardingAmeri-
ca’sworkplaces.Themorehazardoustheindustry,themoreitislookedatbyOSHA.Constructionisoneofthemost,
if not the most, hazardous industry in the United States. Since OSHA’s beginning, it has studied the construction
industry, knowing full well its complexity makes it unique. The regulations specific to construction are in 29 CFR
Part1926.Knowingtheregulations,thoughcertainlynecessary,istheeasypart.KnowingwhatOSHAexpectsfor
compliancecanbeamuchgreaterchallenge.Thismanualisdesignedtohelpyoudothat.
On May 28, 2014, the Office of Management and Budget, part of the White House Office of Information and
RegulatoryAffairs,releasedthe2014SpringUnifiedAgendaandRegulatoryPlan,whichprovidesinformationonthe
regulatoryandderegulatoryactionsunderdevelopmentthroughoutthefederalgovernment.Theactionspertinent
totheconstructionindustryarelistedbelow:
Prerulestage
(cid:129) ReinforcedConcreteinConstructionandPreventingBackoverInjuriesandFatalities
(cid:129) CommunicationTowers
Proposedrulestage
(cid:129) OccupationalExposuretoCrystallineSilica
(cid:129) AmendmentstotheCranesandDerricksinConstructionStandard
(cid:129) CranesandDerricksinConstruction:OperatorCertification
(cid:129) StandardsImprovementProjectIV
Finalrulestage
(cid:129) ConfinedSpacesinConstruction
(cid:129) ImproveTrackingofWorkplaceInjuriesandIllnesses
(cid:129) Occupational Injury and Illness Recording and Reporting Requirements—NAICS Update and Reporting
Revisions
Completed
(cid:129) ElectricalPowerTransmissionandDistribution;ElectricalProtectiveEquipment
ToreviewthetextoftheRegulatoryAgenda,gototheReferencesectionofthismanual.
This manual provides assistance in complying with the Part 1926 regulations. For some of the most problematic
areassuchashazardcommunication,confinedspaceentry,constructioncranes,workzones,andtrainingweprovide
generalguidanceforachievingcompliance.
Revision bars, like the one at the left of this paragraph, are used in this publication to show where significant
changesweremadeonupdatepages.Therevisionbarnexttotextonapageindicatesthatthetextwasrevised.The
dateatthebottomofthepagetellsyouwhentherevisedpagewasissued.
Duetotheconstantlychangingnatureofgovernmentregulations,itisimpossibletoguaranteeabsoluteaccuracyof
thematerialcontainedherein.ThePublisherandEditors,therefore,cannotassumeanyresponsibilityforomissions,
errors,misprinting,orambiguitycontainedwithinthispublicationandshallnotbeheldliableinanydegreeforany
lossorinjurycausedbysuchomission,error,misprintingorambiguitypresentedinthispublication.
Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovidereasonablyaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubject
mattercovered.ItissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderinglegal,accounting,
or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent
professionalpersonshouldbesought.
TheEditors&Publisher
J.J.Keller&Associates,Inc.
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Original content is the copyrighted property of J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.
OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Published & Printed by
J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.
3003 Breezewood Lane, P.O. Box 368
Neenah, Wisconsin 54957-0368
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
JJKeller.com
publishers ROBERT L. KELLER
JAMES J. KELLER
EDITORIAL
vice president – editorial resources WEBBA. SHAW
director – editorial resources PAUL V.ARNOLD
project editor MARK H. STROMME
sr. editorial manager – workplace safety PETER M. MCLAUGHLIN
sr. editor – workplace safety J. TRAVIS RHODEN
editor – workplace safety ROBERTA. ERNST
editor – workplace safety TRICIAS. HODKIEWICZ
editor – workplace safety JUDIE SMITHERS
editor – workplace safety JENNIFER J. STROSCHEIN
associate editor LISAM. NEUBERGER
sr. metator/xml analyst MARY K. FLANAGAN
sr. layout editor MICHAEL P. HENCKEL
PUBLISHING GROUP
chairman ROBERT L. KELLER
vice chairman & treasurer JAMES J. KELLER
president & ceo MARNE L. KELLER-KRIKAVA
evp & chief operating officer RUSTIN R. KELLER
chief financial officer DANAS. GILMAN
sr. director of product development CAROLA. O’HERN
sr. product development manager JENNIFER M. JUNG
product development specialist ASHLEY C. PUCKER
director of manufacturing TODD J. LUEKE
sr. electronic publishing & prepress manager GERALD L. SABATKE
The Editorial Staff is available to provide information generally associated with this publication to a
normal and reasonable extent, and at the option of, and as a courtesy of, the Publisher.
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OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Table of Contents
Inspections & Citations Part 1903
Hazard Communication Part 1926.59
Medical Services and First Aid — Part 1926.50
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) Part
1926.65
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Part 1926.97-.107
Confined Space Entry
Excavations Part 1926 — Subpart P
Cranes, Derricks, Industrial Trucks Part 1926 — Subparts CC, N, and DD
Fire Protection/Prevention Part 1926 — Subpart F
Fall Protection Part 1926 — Subpart M
Jobsite Health Hazards
Air contaminants
Asbestos
Lead
Silica
Other jobsite health hazards
Welding and Cutting Part 1926 — Subpart J
Stairways and Ladders Part 1926 — Subpart X
Scaffolding 1926 — Subpart L
Lockout/Tagout Part 1926.417
Steel Erection Part 1926 — Subpart R
Underground Construction (Tunneling) Part 1926.800
Electrical Standards Part 1926 — Subpart K and Subpart V
Concrete & Masonry Construction
Work Zones
Contractor Safety
Injuries & Illness Recordkeeping
Postings
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OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Training
Audits Checklists
Site Accident Prevention
Agency Addresses
Reference
Subject Index
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OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
How to use this manual
If safety is not always a primary concern, daily construction jobsite activities invite accidents.
This manual provides compliance information that you can use to implement a safety and
health program, establish safe working practices, and meet regulatory requirements.
Inaconcernforworkersafety,theOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)has
suggested four-points to lower accident rates. They are:
•
Educate employers and employees on construction jobsite hazards.
•
Inform employers of the types of violations OSHA inspectors fin most frequently.
•
Perform hazard assessments to identify the hazards causing accidents at your
jobsites.
•
Provideinformationinaformatthatwouldbereadilyuseableforsafetymeetings,tool
box talks, and formal training programs.
This manual will provide what you need to get a good start on these points.
Point one recommends providing general construction site hazard information to your employ-
ees. This manual — from lead exposure, to ladders, to confine spaces, to welding — provides
this information.
Point two recommends knowing what types of violations are heavily cited. In the INSPEC-
TIONS & CITATIONS section, you will fin a listing of the current most frequently cited
standards.
Point three recommends identifying hazards at your jobsites. The AUDIT CHECKLISTS
section should provide valuable assistance for this task.
Pointfourisaddressedbyprovidinguseableinformationfortoolboxtalks.Informationisfound
throughout the manual, but particularly in the SITE ACCIDENT PREVENTION section. In
that section, you will fin OSHA’s Fatal Facts series. These are one page articles designed to
present information in a user-friendly format. The Fatal Fact sheets can be used in safety
discussions with employees.
The TRAINING section pulls together the many different regulations that cite training
requirements.Youcandeterminequicklywhichapplytoyouroperation.OSHAinterpretations
varywidely,soitisalwaysaprudentideatocheckwithOSHAforfurtherinformationwhenyou
have any doubts as to regulation application. The section AGENCY ADDRESSES gives you a
complete listing of all OSHA offices, so you can call the one nearest you.
Withallthatitcontains,thismanualshouldprovetobeavaluableresourceinyourcompliance
effort.
Do the OSHA construction standards apply to me?
The standards apply to:
•
Allcontractorswhoenterintocontractswhichareforconstruction,alteration,and/or
repair, including painting and decorating [29 CFR 1926.10(a)].
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OSHA 1926 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
•
All subcontractors who agree to perform any part of the labor or material require-
ments of a contract [29 CFR 1926.13(c)].
•
All suppliers who furnish any supplies or materials if the work involved is performed
on or near a construction site, or if the supplier fabricates the goods or materials
specificall for the construction project, and the work can be said to be a construction
activity [29 CFR 1926.13(c)].
The controlling contractor assumes all obligations under the standards, whether or not he
subcontracts any of the work [29 CFR 1926.16(b)].
To the extent that a subcontractor agrees to perform any part of the contract, he assumes
responsibility for complying with the standards with respect to that part [29 CFR 1926.16(c)].
With respect to subcontracted work, the controlling contractor and any subcontractors are
deemed to have joint responsibility [29 CFR 1926.16(d)].
Introduction to the Code of Federal Regulations
TheCodeofFederalRegulations,abbreviatedCFR,isanorderlycompilationofrulespublished
by departments and agencies of the Federal Government. New rules, published daily in the
Federal Register, are placed in the CFR annually.
TheCodeofFederalRegulationsisdividedinto50broadareassubjecttoFederalregulationand
are called titles. Title 29 covers the Department of Labor.
TheCodeisfurtherbrokendownintochaptersusuallybearingthenameoftheissuingagency.
Chapter XVII — Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor —
appliestoOSHA.WhenworkingwiththeCodeofFederalRegulationschapternumbersarenot
used as a part of the reference as you will see in the example below.
Each chapter is sub-divided into:
•
Parts — addressing specifi regulatory areas. Part 1926 is Safety and Health
Regulations for Construction.
•
Subparts — covering major topics within a part. Subpart P of Part 1926 is
Excavations. Generally speaking, the Subpart letter is not referenced when referring
to the Code.
•
Sections—identifie byarepeatofthepartnumberfollowedbyadecimalpointand
a number referring to specifi topics under the subpart. For example, 1926.651 is the
General Requirements for Excavations.
•
Paragraphs — designated by (a), (b), (c), etc. and subparagraphs – numbered (1),
(2), (3), etc. further break down sections. Paragraph (b) of 1926.651 is Underground
Installations and subparagraph (1) talks about estimated location of utility installa-
tions.
•
Further breakdown into Roman numerals (i), (ii), (iii), etc. and upper case letters (A),
(B), (C), etc. is used when necessary.
Thus, a typical OSHA regulation reference would be:
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