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Constructing a German Diaspora: The "Greater German Empire", 1871-1914 PDF

377 Pages·2014·2.387 MB·English
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Constructing a German Diaspora This book takes on a global perspective to unravel the complex relation- ship between Imperial Germany and its diaspora. Around 1900, German- speakers living abroad were tied into global power-political aspirations. They were represented as outposts of a “Greater German Empire” whose ethnic links had to be preserved for their own and the fatherland’s benefi ts. Did these ideas fall on fertile ground abroad? In the light of extreme social, political, and religious heterogeneity, diaspora construction did not redeem the all-encompassing fantasies of its engineers. But it certainly was at work, as nationalism “went global” in many German ethnic communities. Three thematic areas are taken as examples to illustrate the emergence of globally operating organizations and communication fl ows: Politics and the navy issue, Protestantism, and German schools abroad as “bulwarks of language preservation.” The public negotiation of these issues is explored for locali- ties as diverse as Shanghai, Cape Town, Blumenau in Brazil, Melbourne, Glasgow, the Upper Midwest in the United States, and the Volga Basin in Russia. The mobilisation of ethno-national diasporas is also a feature of modern-day globalization. The theoretical ramifi cations analysed in the book are as poignant today as they were for the nineteenth century. Stefan Manz is Senior Lecturer in German at Aston University, Birming- ham, UK, and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 9 The Russian Revolution of 1905 The Conservative Party and the Centenary Perspectives European dictators 1935–1940 Edited by Anthony Heywood and Nick Crowson Jonathan D. Smele 2 French Foreign and Defence 10 Weimar Cities Policy, 1918–1940 The Challenge of Urban The Decline and Fall of a Great Modernity in Germany Power John Bingham Edited by Robert Boyce 11 The Nazi Party and the German 3 Britain and the Problem of Foreign Offi ce International Disarmament Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and 1919–1934 Arthur L. Smith, Jr. Carolyn Kitching 12 The Politics of Culture in 4 British Foreign Policy 1874–1914 Liberal Italy The Role of India From Unifi cation to Fascism Sneh Mahajan Axel Körner 5 Racial Theories in Fascist Italy 13 German Colonialism, Visual Aaron Gilette Culture and Modern Memory Edited by Volker M. Langbehn 6 Stormtroopers and Crisis in the Nazi Movement 14 German Colonialism and Activism, Ideology and National Identity Dissolution Edited by Michael Perraudin and Thomas D. Grant Jürgen Zimmerer 7 Trials of Irish History 15 Landscapes of the Western Genesis and Evolution of a Front Reappraisal 1938–2000 Materiality during the Great War Evi Gkotzaridis Ross J. Wilson 8 From Slave Trade to Empire 16 West Germans and the European Colonisation of Black Nazi Legacy Africa 1780s–1880s Caroline Sharples Edited by Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau 17 Alan S. Milward and a Century of European Change Edited by Fernando Guirao, Frances M. B. Lynch, and Sigfrido M. Ramírez Pérez 18 War, Agriculture, and Food Rural Europe from the 1930s to the 1950s Edited by Paul Brassley, Yves Segers and Leen Van Molle 19 Totalitarian Dictatorship New Histories Edited by Daniela Baratieri, Mark Edele and Giuseppe Finaldi 20 Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany The “Euthanasia Programs” Edited by Susan Benedict and Linda Shields 21 European Border Regions in Comparison Overcoming Nationalistic Aspects or Re-Nationalization? Edited by Katarzyna Stokłosa and Gerhard Besier 22 The Red Brigades and the Discourse of Violence Revolution and Restoration Marco Briziarelli 23 History, Memory, and Trans-European Identity Unifying Divisions Aline Sierp 24 Constructing a German Diaspora The “Greater German Empire”, 1871–1914 Stefan Manz This page intentionally left blank Constructing a German Diaspora The “Greater German Empire”, 1871–1914 Stefan Manz NEW YORK LONDON First published 2014 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Taylor & Francis The right of Stefan Manz to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manz, Stefan. Constructing a German diaspora : the “Greater German Empire,” 1871–1914 / by Stefan Manz. pages cm. — (Routledge studies in modern European history ; 24) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Germans—Foreign countries—History—19th century. 2. Germans— Foreign countries—History—20th century. 3. Group identity—Germany— History. 4. National characteristics, German—History. I. Title. DD68.M36 2014 909'.0971243081—dc23 2014001953 ISBN13: 978-0-415-89226-1 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-1-315-76570-9 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by IBT Global. To Laura, Daniel, and Nicholas This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures and Tables xi List of Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1 Patterns of Migration and Settlement 19 2 Metropolitan Diaspora Constructions 50 3 Politics: Navy and Auslandsdeutschtum 98 4 North America and Russia 133 5 Religion: Protestantism and Auslandsdeutschtum 176 6 Language: German Schools Abroad 227 Outlook and Conclusion 261 Appendix I: Local Navy Clubs in Sample Years 267 Appendix II: German Protestant Congregations Abroad, 1904 277 Appendix III: German Schools Abroad, 1912 305 Bibliography 327 Index 351

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