Consociationalism and Power-Sharing in Europe: Arend Lijphart’s Theory of Political Accommodation

222 Pages·2018·2.1 MB·English

by  Michaelina Jakala

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL THEORY
CONSOCIATIONALISM AND
POWER-SHARING IN EUROPE
Arend Lijphart’s Theory of Political Accommodation
EDITED BY
MICHAELINA JAKALA, DURUKAN KUZU,
AND MATT QVORTRUP
International Political Theory
Series Editor
Gary Browning
Oxford Brookes University
Oxford, United Kingdom
The Palgrave Political Theory Series provides students and scholars with
cutting-edge scholarship that explores the ways in which we theorise the
international. Political theory has by tradition implicitly accepted the
bounds of the state, and this series of intellectually rigorous and innovative
monographs and edited volumes takes the discipline forward, reflecting
both the burgeoning of IR as a discipline and the concurrent internation-
alisation of traditional political theory issues and concepts. Offering a
wide-ranging examination of how International Politics is to be inter-
preted, the titles in the series thus bridge the IR-political theory divide.
The aim of the series is to explore international issues in analytic, historical
and radical ways that complement and extend common forms of conceiv-
ing international relations such as realism, liberalism and constructivism.
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14842
Michaelina Jakala • Durukan Kuzu
Matt Qvortrup
Editors
Consociationalism and
Power-Sharing in
Europe
Arend Lijphart’s Theory of Political
Accommodation
Editors
Michaelina Jakala Durukan Kuzu
Coventry University Coventry University
Coventry, United Kingdom Coventry, United Kingdom
Matt Qvortrup
Coventry University
Coventry, United Kingdom
International Political Theory
ISBN 978-3-319-67097-3 ISBN 978-3-319-67098-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67098-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017956404
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub-
lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the
material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The
publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu-
tional affiliations.
Cover illustration: Tom Corban / Alamy Stock Photo
Printed on acid-free paper
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
C
ontents
1 Consociationalism After Half a Century 1
Arend Lijphart
2 Understanding Patterns of Democracy: Reconsidering
Societal Divisions and Bringing Societal Culture Back In 11
Renske Doorenspleet and Ammar Maleki
3 T he Limits of Consociational Power Sharing 35
Henry Jarrett
4 W hat Politicians Can Teach Academics: ‘Real’ Politics,
Consociationalism and the Northern Ireland Conflict 55
Paul Dixon
5 C onsociation, Conditionality, and Commitment: Making
Peace in Northern Ireland 85
Timothy J. White
6 D ialogue, Democracy and Government Communication:
Consociationalism in Northern Ireland 103
Charis Rice and Ian Somerville
v
vi CONTENTS
7 The 2016 European Union Referendum,
Consociationalism and the Territorial Constitution
of the UK 129
Andrew Blick
8 Arend Lijphart and Consociationalism in Cyprus 155
Neophytos Loizides
9 The Paradox of Direct Democracy and Elite
Accommodation: The Case of Switzerland 177
Matt Qvortrup
Conclusion: Consociationalism After Fifty Years: Reflections
and Pathways Forward 197
Index 201
L C
ist of ontributors
editors
Michaelina Jakala is a research fellow at the Centre for Trust, Peace and
Social Relations, Coventry University. She was awarded a PhD in Peace
Studies from the University of Bradford in 2011. Her thesis explored
post-war lived experiences of female survivors of wartime sexual violence
in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH). Prior to joining Coventry, she worked at
Newcastle University on an Economic and Social Research Council
(ESRC)-funded project exploring individual attitudes towards outreach
activities and the implications of these activities and initiatives on commu-
nity engagement and the practices of the Court of BiH. She has published
in journals such as Political Geography and the Annals of the Association of
American Geographers. Dr Jakala is the Co-Director of the Erasmsus+
BUILDPEACE project. Her current research interests focus on the lived
experiences of transitional justice and peacebuilding.
Durukan Kuzu is the author of Multiculturalism in Turkey: The Kurds
and the State. He holds a PhD in Government Politics and an MSc in
Comparative Politics from the London School of Economics and Political
Science. Dr Kuzu currently works as a Research Fellow/Senior Lecturer at
Coventry University and his research interests are centred on contempo-
rary political theory, multiculturalism, human rights, ethnic conflict, diver-
sity, refugees, referendums, Corsican nationalism and the Kurdish
question. He was also the co-chair of the Association for the Study of
Ethnicity and Nationalism, UK.  He has published in peer-reviewed
vii
viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
journals such as Nations and Nationalism, Comparative European Politics,
and the Journal on Ethno-politics and Minority Issues in Europe.
Matt Qvortrup is Professor of Applied Political Science and International
Relations at Coventry University. An expert on comparative constitutional
engineering and European Politics, Professor Qvortrup’s book Angela
Merkel: Europe’s Most Influential Leader (2017) was described by Kirkus
Reviews as “necessary reading for anyone who wants to broaden his or her
perspective on the world today.” Awarded the PSA Prize in 2013 for his
research on ‘Terrorism and Political Science’, he served as a Specialist
Advisor to the House of Commons Public Administration and Constitutional
Affairs Committee. He has previously worked as a member of President
Obama’s Special Envoy Team in Africa (2009–2010). Before his career as
an academic Dr Qvortrup served as Head of the Gun Crime Section in the
British Home Office (2002–2004) and before that as a Special Advisor to
the Home Secretary (Minister for the Interior). Professor Qvortrup earned
his doctorate in Politics at Brasenose College, University of Oxford in
2000. Also a qualified lawyer, he holds a Diploma from the College of
Law, London. A frequent commentator for the BBC, Professor Qvortrup
writes regularly for Bloomberg.
Contributors
Andrew Blick (Kings College London) is a lecturer in Politics and
Contemporary History at King’s College London. Dr Andrew Blick is the
author of numerous articles, pamphlets and books on UK constitutional
history. He is Director of History and Policy, an organization that brings
together historians and policy makers.
Paul Dixon is Honorary Research Fellow at Birkbeck College, University
of London. He is the author of Northern Ireland: The Politics of War and
Peace (Palgrave, 2008, 2nd edition), and the editor of The British Approach
to Counterinsurgency (Palgrave 2012) and Performing the Northern Ireland
Peace Process: In Defence of Politics, which will be published in 2018.
Renske Doorenspleet (University of Warwick) is an associate professor
in Comparative Politics at the University of Warwick. Her research has
focused on democracy in divided countries, building political institutions
and how people view democracy. Her articles have been published in
World Politics, Democratization, Acta Politica, the International Political
LIST OF CONTRIBUTOR S ix
Science Review, Ethnopolitics, Government and Opposition and the
European Journal of Political Research. She is the author of one mono-
graph on transitions to democracy (2005) and the editor of two books on
party systems in Africa (2013, 2014).
Henry Jarrett (University of Exeter) is an Associate Lecturer at the
University of Exeter, where he completed his PhD in January 2016. His
research interests include ethnic politics and electoral systems in divided
societies, and he has a particular interest in the cases of Northern Ireland,
Belgium, Malaysia and South Africa.
Arend Lijphart is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at University of
California San Diego. Lijphart’s field of specialization is comparative poli-
tics, and his current research is focused on the comparative study of demo-
cratic institutions. He is the author or editor of more than a dozen books,
including Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration
(1977), Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government
in Twenty-One Countries (1984), Power-Sharing in South Africa (1985),
Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences (1986), Parliamentary
Versus Presidential Government (1992), Electoral Systems and Party Systems:
A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies (1994), and Patterns of Democracy:
Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (1999; 2nd
ed., 2012). Lijphart has received numerous awards throughout his presti-
gious career in recognition of his groundbreaking research. In 1989, he
was elected to the National Academy of Arts and Sciences, from 1995 to
1996 he served as President of the American Political Science Association,
and in 2010 he received the Constantine Panunzio Distinguished Emeritus
Award.
Neophytos Loizides (University of Kent) is a professor in International
Conflict Analysis School of Politics & International Relations, Rutherford
College University of Kent and the associate editor of Nationalism and
Ethnic Politics. His most recent books are Designing Peace: Cyprus and
Institutional Innovations in Divided Societies (2015) and The Politics of
Majority Nationalism: Framing Peace, Stalemates and Crises (2015).
Ammar  Maleki (Tilburg University) is an assistant professor in
Comparative Politics at the Tilburg School of Politics and Public
Administration, Tilburg University. His comparative research focuses on
the relation between models of democracy, patterns of societal culture,
and cultural compatibility. His work has been published in Cross-Cultural