Conservation agriculture in subsistence farming : case studies from South Asia and beyond PDF
Preview Conservation agriculture in subsistence farming : case studies from South Asia and beyond
C a s onservation griCulture in ubsistenCe F arming Case Studies from South Asia and Beyond C a onservation griCulture s F in ubsistenCe arming Case Studies from South Asia and Beyond Edited by Catherine Chan University of Hawaiʽi at Ma¯noa and Jean Fantle-Lepczyk University of Hawaiʽi at Ma¯noa CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncy Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Conservation agriculture in subsistence farming : case studies from South Asia and beyond / edited by: Catherine Chan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Jean Fantle-Lepczyk, University of Hawaii at Manoa. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-78064-423-3 (hbk : alk. paper) 1. Agricultural conservation--South Asia--Case studies. 2. Soil conservation--South Asia--Case studies. 3. Sustainable agriculture--South Asia--Case studies. I. Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine, 1949- editor. II. Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, editor. S604.64.S64C66 2015 631.4′5--dc23 2014041668 ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 423 3 Commissioning editors: Rachel Cutts and Nicki Dennis Editorial assistant: Emma McCann Production editors: Tracy Head and Emma Ross Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India. Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY. Contents Contributors vii Foreword xi Maria Gallo Preface xiii Catherine Chan and Jean Fantle-Lepczyk 1 A Brief History of Conservation Agriculture 1 Travis Idol 2 Global Perspectives on Conservation Agriculture for Small Households 22 Adrian Ares, Christian Thierfelder, Manuel Reyes, Neal S. Eash and Jennifer Himmelstein 3 Potential of Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS) for Improving Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security in the Hill Region of Nepal 55 Bikash Paudel, Theodore Radovich, Catherine Chan, Susan Crow, Jacqueline Halbrendt, Keshab Thapa and Bir Bahadur Tamang 4 Effect of Tillage, Intercropping, and Residue Cover on Crop Productivity, Profitability, and Soil Fertility under Tribal Farming Situations in Odisha, India 77 Aliza Pradhan, Travis Idol, Pravat Kumar Roul, Kshitendra Narayan Mishra, Catherine Chan, Jacqueline Halbrendt and Chittaranjan Ray 5 Assessment of Maize-based Conservation Agricultural Production Systems (CAPS) in Rainfed Uplands of Odisha, India 95 Pravat Kumar Roul, Aliza Pradhan, Kshitendra Narayan Mishra, Plabita Ray, Travis Idol, Satya Narayan Dash, Catherine Chan and Chittaranjan Ray v vi Contents 6 Risk as a Determinant of Adoption of Conservation Agriculture by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi 109 Jessica Rust-Smith 7 Economic Potential of Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS) for Tribal Farmers in the Hill Region of Nepal 133 Bikash Paudel, Catherine Chan, Aliza Pradhan and Brinton Foy Reed 8 Evaluation of Tillage and Farmyard Manure on Soil Properties and Maize Yield in the Mid-hills of Nepal 155 Roshan Pudasaini and Keshav Raj Pande 9 Soil Quality in Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS) of Rainfed, Sloping Land Farming in the Central Mid-hills Region of Nepal 171 Susan Crow, Olivia Schubert, Bir Bahadur Tamang, Theodore Radovich, Bikash Paudel, Jacqueline Halbrendt and Keshab Thapa 10 Preferences for Conservation Agriculture in Developing Countries: A Case Study on the Tribal Societies of India and Nepal 207 Cynthia Lai, Catherine Chan, Aliza Pradhan, Bikash Paudel, Brinton Foy Reed and Jacqueline Halbrendt 11 Empowering Women through Conservation Agriculture: Rhetoric or Reality? Evidence from Malawi 226 Jane Maher, Paul Wagstaff and John O’Brien 12 Gendered Implications of Introducing Conservation Agriculture (CA): A Case Study in the Hill Region of Nepal 239 Jacqueline Halbrendt, Bikash Paudel and Catherine Chan Index 259 Contributors Ares, Adrian, Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management (SANREM), Virginia Tech, 526 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061. E-mail: aresa@ vt.edu Chan, Catherine, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, 1910 East West Road, Sherman 104, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Crow, Susan, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Dash, Satya Narayan, Sustainable Management of Agroecological Resources for Tribal Societies, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India. E-mail: [email protected] Eash, Neal S., University of Tennessee, Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Room 206, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Halbrendt, Jacqueline, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Himmelstein, Jennifer, Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management (SANREM), Virginia Tech, 526 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Idol, Travis, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] vii viii Contributors Lai, Cynthia, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Maher, Jane, Department of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, The Museum Building, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected] Mishra, Kshitendra Narayan, Sustainable Management of Agroecological Resources for Tribal Societies, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India. E-mail: [email protected] O’Brien, John, Concern Worldwide, 52–55 Lower Camden Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected] Pande, Keshav Raj, Agriculture and Forestry University, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. E-mail: [email protected] Paudel, Bikash, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Pradhan, Aliza, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Pudasaini, Roshan, Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development, PO Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. E-mail: [email protected] Radovich, Theodore, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Science, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Ray, Chittaranjan, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes 383, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Ray, Plabita, Sustainable Management of Agroecological Resources for Tribal Societies, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India. E-mail: [email protected] Reed, Brinton Foy, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Reyes, Manuel, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Roul, Pravat Kumar, Sustainable Management of Agroecological Resources for Tribal Societies, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India. E-mail: [email protected] Rust-Smith, Jessica, Hove, East Sussex, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Schubert, Olivia, University of Hawai‛i-Ma¯noa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Tamang, Bir Bahadur, Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development, PO Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. E-mail: [email protected] Contributors ix Thapa, Keshab, Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development, PO Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. E-mail: [email protected] Thierfelder, Christian, CIMMYT – International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, PO Box MP163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. E-mail: c.thierfelder @cgiar.org Wagstaff, Paul, Concern Worldwide, 52–55 Lower Camden Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected]
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