Connections, Cognition and Alzheimer’s Disease

200 Pages·1997·6.77 MB·English

by  H. Braak

RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Fondation Ipsen
Editor
Yves Christen, Fondation Ipsen, Paris (France)
Editorial Board
Yves Agid, Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris (France)
Albert Aguayo, McGill University, Montreal (Canada)
Luigi Amaducci, University of Florence, Florence (Italy)
Brian H. Anderton, Institute of Psychiatry, London (GB)
Raymond T. Bartus, Alkermes, Cambridge (USA)
Anders Bjorklund, University of Lund (Sweden)
Floyd Bloom, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla (USA)
Franfois Boller, Inserm U 324, Paris (France)
Carl Cotman, University of California, Irvine (USA)
Peter Davies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (USA)
Andre Delacourte, Insterm U 422, Lille (France)
Steven Ferris, New York University Medical Center, New York (USA)
Jean-Franfois Foncin, H6pital Pitie SalpHriere, Paris (France)
Franfoise Forette, H6pital Broca, Paris (France)
Fred Gage, Salk Institute, La Jolla (USA)
Carleton D. Gajdusek, National Institute of Health, Bethesda (USA)
Dmitry Goldgaber, State University of New York Stone Brook (USA)
John Hardy, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville (USA)
Jean-Jacques Hauw, H6pital Pitie SalpHriere, Paris (France)
Claude Kordon, Inserm U 159, Paris (France)
Kenneth S. Kosik, Harvard Medical School, Center for Neurological
Diseases and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (USA)
Jacques Mallet, H6pital Pitie SalpHriere, Paris (France)
Colin L. Masters, University of Melbourne, Parkville (Australia)
Stanley 1. Rapoport, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda (USA)
Andre Rascol, H6pital Purpan, Toulouse (France)
Barry Reisberg, New York University Medical Center, New York (USA)
Allen Roses, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (USA)
Dennis J. Selkoe, Harvard Medical School, Center for Neurological
Diseases and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (USA)
Michael L. Shelanski, Columbia University, New York (USA)
Pierre-Marie Sinet, H6pital Necker, Paris (France)
Peter St. George-Hyslop, University of Toronto, Toronto (Canada)
Robert Terry, University of California, La Jolla (USA)
Henry Wisniewski, Institute for Basic Research in Development Disabilities,
Staten Island (USA)
Edouard Zarifian, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Caen (France)
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Budapest
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Santa Clara
Singapore
Tokyo
B. T. Hyman C. Duyckaerts
Y. Christen [Eds.]
Connections, Cognition
and Alzheimer's Disease
With 63 Figures and 8 Tables
Springer
Hyman, B. T., M.D., ph.D.
Neurology Service
Massachusetts General Hospital
Fruit Street
Boston, MA 02114
USA
Duyckaerts, c., M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R_ Escourolle
H6pital de La Salpetriere, Blvd. de I'H6pitai
75651 Paris Cedex 16
France
Christen, Y., Ph_D.
Fondation IPSEN
24, rue Erlanger
75651 Paris Cedex 16
France
ISBN·I): 978-3-642-64504-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Connections, cognition, and Alzheimer's
disease 1 B.T. Hyman, C., Duyckaerts, Y. Christen (eds.). p. cm. - (Research and perspectives in
Alzheimer's disease) Includes bibliographical references and index.ls9N-ll: 978-~Z-6otoo.t ... (hard
cover) I. Alzheimer's disease-Pathophysiology. L Hyman, B.T. n. Duyckaerts, C. [[I. Christen,
Yves. IV. Series. [DNLM: I. Alzheimer's Disease. 2. Synaptic Transmission. ). Cognition Dis
orders-physiopathology. WT 155 C752 19971 RC5l).C693 1997 618.97'6831-dc21 DNLM/DLC for
Library of Congress
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Preface
Alzheimer's disease invades the brain from the inside. Unlike an abcess, a metas
tasis or an infarct, the disease follows specific tracks and avoids certain cortical
areas while flourishing in others. Any observer is struck by the exquisite selectiv
ity of the lesions and could, indeed, conclude that Alzheimer's disease knows
neuroanatomy. However, should the term "disease" be used to define this disor
der? Several genes, located on at least three different chromosomes, have been
implicated in the disease. The ApoE4 genotype has been shown to be an impor
tant risk factor, but dementia pugilistica also suggests that environment can be
involved in at least some aspects of the disorder. These data favor the now preva
lent view that Alzheimer's disease should instead be considered as a syndrome,
and probably all of the contributors to this volume are ready to endorse this point
of view.
If "Alzheimer's syndrome" is the final common pathway to several pathoge
netic mechanisms, there should be an event at one point in the course of the spe
cific etiology that triggers a somewhat stereotypic diffusion process along some
neural connections. Scientists who are fascinated by the way in which the ner
vous system has morphologically encoded its function after a long phylogenetic
history are also fascinated by this pathological progression of Alzheimer's syn
drome. These scientists can be easily identified - they have studied the anatomy
of the brain, or at least have a deep interest in its they are directly involved in
neuropsychology or keep it in mind; they are naturally inclined to believe that
determining the phenotypic expression of Alzheimer's syndrome in the brain is
not a trivial question. Finally they are the scientists who attended (or would have
liked to have attended) the meeting held in Paris on May 20. 1996, under the aus
pices of the Ipsen Foundation. Will this book convey the enthusiasm and excite
ment of a full day of proposals, discussion, and suggestions? Will the reader
grasp new ideas? Will he or she be ready to imagine new projects to better under
stand Alzheimer's syndrome and to more successfully fight its unbearable conse
quences? We hope the answer will be yes to each of these questions.
As will be immediately clear to the reader, this book deals with a cruel reality
- real patients, real brains and real lesions. The studies described herein have
been made possible by large networks of collaborators and interactions that an
ever decreasing number of countries are able to provide, from wise lawmakers
determining the legal conditions for medical inquiry and autopsy to experienced
pro sectors, ready to skillfully perfom a job, the sense of which might be wrongly
VI Preface
interpreted by many. In this long chain of events, the patient is not forgotten and
we would like to dedicate this volume to the numerous and anonymous people
who have given a part of themselves for the better understanding and better
treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Charles Duyckaerts
Bradley Hyman
Yves Christen
Acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank Mary Lynn Gage for editorial assis
tance and Jacqueline Mervaillie for the organization of the meeting in Paris.
Contents
Aspects of Cortical Destruction in Alzheimer's Disease
H. Braak and E. Braak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . .
Cortical Feedforward and Cortical Feedback Neural System
in Alzheimer's Disease
G. W. van Hoesen .................................................. 17
Plaques and Tangles: Where and When?
C. Duyckaerts, M.-A. Colle, M. Bennecib, Y. Grignon,
T. Uchihara and I.-I. Hauw .......................................... 33
Cortical Mapping of Pathological Tau Proteins in Several
N eurodegenerative Disorders
P. Vermersch, V. Buee-Scherrer, L. Buee, I. P. David, A. Wattez, N. Sergeant,
P. R. Hof, Y. Agid, D. P. Perl, C. W. Olanow, Y. Robitaille, D. Gauvreau,
H. Petit, and A. Delacourte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 41
Neurofibrillary Tangles are Associated with the Differential Loss
of Message Expression for Synaptic Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease
L. Callahan and P. D. Coleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 53
Morphologic and Neurochemical Characteristics of Corticocortical
Projections: Emergence of Circuit-Specific Features and Relationships
to Degenerative Changes in Alzheimer's Disease
P. R. Hof, E. A. Nimchinsky, L. G. Ungerleider, and I. H. Morrison ........ 59
Reduced Neuronal Activity is one of the Major Hallmarks
of Alzheimer's Disease
D. F. Swaab, P. I. Lucassen, I. A. P. van de Nes, R. Ravid, and A. Salehi . . . .. 83
Neurodegenerative Alzheimer - Like Pathology in PDAPP
717V~F Transgenic Mice
D. Games, E. Masliah, M. Lee, K. lohnson-Wood, and D. Schenk. . . . . . . . . .. 105
VIII Contents
Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Disconnection in Alzheimer's Disease
E. Masliah, M. Mallory, M. Alford, R. De Teresa, A. Iwai, and T. Saitoh 121
Is Alzheimer's Disease Accelerated Aging? Different Patterns of Age
and Alzheimer's Disease Related Neuronal Losses in the Hippocampus
M. J. West, P. D. Coleman, D. G. Flood, and J. c. Troncoso ................ 141
Connections and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease
T. Gomez-Isla and B. T. Hyman ...................................... 149
Distributed Hierarchical Neural Systems for Visual Memory
in Human Cortex
J. v. Haxby, V. P. Clark, and S. M. Courtney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167
Brain and Language
A. R. Damasio and H. Damasio 181
Subject Index ..................................................... 191
Contributors
Alford, M.
Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla,
CA 92093-0624, USA
Agid, Y.
Unite INSERM 289, Hopital de La Salpetriere, 47 Blvd. de l'Hopital, 75651 Paris
Cedex, France
Bennecib, M.
Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, Hopital de La Salpetriere, 47 Blvd.
de I'Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
Braak, E.
Department of Anatomy, J. W. Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 69590
Frankfurt, Germany
Braak, H.
Department of Anatomy, J. W. Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 69590
Frankfurt, Germany
Buee, L.
Unite INSERM 422, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
Buee-Scherrer, V.
Unite INSERM 422, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
Callaham, L.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Rochester, Medical Cen
ter, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Clark, P.
Section on Functional Brain Imaging, NIMH Building 10, Room 4CllO, lO Center
Drive, MSC 1366 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA
X Contributors
Coleman, P. D.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Rochester Medical
Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Colle M.-A.
Laboratoire des Neuropathologie R. Escourolle Hopital de La SalpNriere, 47 Blvd.
de l'Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
Courtney, M.
Section on Functional Brain Imaging, NIMH Building 10, Room 4CllO, 10 Center
Drive, MSC 1366 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA
Damasio, A. R.
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City,
IA 52242, USA
Damasio, H.
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City,
IA 52242, USA
David, J. P.
Unite INSERM 422, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
Delacourte, A.
Unite INSERM 422, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex ,France
De Teresa, R.
Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla,
CA 92093-0624, USA
Duyckaerts C.
Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, Hopital de La SalpNriere, 47 Blvd.
de l'Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
Flood, D. G.
Cephalon Inc., 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
Games, D.
Athena Neurosciences, 800 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
Gauvreau, D.
Projet Image, Hopital Cote des Neiges, 4565, Chemin de la Reine Marie, Montreal,
Quebec H3W IW5, Canada