Confucius & Confucianism The Essentials. PDF
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Confucius and Confucianism Confucius & Confucianism The Essentials Lee Dian Rainey A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2010 © 2010 Lee Dian Rainey Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Lee Dian Rainey to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rainey, Lee Dian. Confucius and Confucianism : the essentials / Lee Dian Rainey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8841-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4051-8840-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Confucius. 2. Confucianism. 3. Philosophy, Confucian. I. Title. B128.C8R35 2010 181′.112–dc22 2009044654 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12pt Sabon by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed in Malaysia by KHL Printing Co Sdn Bhd 01 2010 For my mother and father, Phyllis MacGregor and William Rainey When you drink the water, remember its source. C hinese proverb Contents List of Illustrations xi Preface: Why Confucius? xii Book Notes xiv Chronology xv 1 Confucius’ World and His Life 1 Confucius’ World: Looking Back to a Long, Unifi ed Civilization 2 The Zhou Dynasty 2 Ancestors and Spirits 4 Heaven and the “Choice of Heaven” 4 The Decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the Rise of the Warring States 5 The Life of Confucius 9 Sources 10 Versions of the Texts 10 Hagiography, the Pious Stories of Confucius’ Life 11 Scholarly Versions of Confucius’ Life 16 2 Confucius’ Teachings I: The Foundation of a Good Person 23 Filial Piety 23 Dutifulness or Loyalty 29 Honesty and Sincerity 30 Rightness and Knowledge 31 Courage 31 Understanding, Sympathy, Compassion 32 Humanity 34 viii Contents Ritual 35 The Gentleman 42 3 Confucius’ Teachings II: The Foundation of a Good Society and Other Topics 45 Setting Words Right 46 For the Benefi t of the People 48 Laws 49 Models 50 Education without Distinction 54 Women 55 The Gods, the Spirits of the Dead, and the Afterlife 57 The Choice of Heaven and Heaven 59 Fate 60 The Way 61 4 Terms, and Mozi 63 Problems with “Schools” and “-isms” 63 Problems with the Term “Confucianism” 65 Mozi and Mohism 69 5 Opponents 75 Daoism 75 The Strategists 80 The Logicians 82 Legalism 83 Others 85 6 Mencius 87 Human Nature is Good 89 Human Nature and Heaven 95 Government 96 Mencius on Confucian Themes 99 Summary 103 7 Xunzi 105 Human Nature is Evil 106 Morality is Artifi cial 109 Ritual 110 Government 111 Language 113 Heaven 114 Xunzi on Confucian Themes 116 Summary 118
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