Confucianism and Modernization in East Asia: Critical Reflections

281 Pages·2017·2.115 MB·English

by  Kim Kyong-Dong (auth.)

Confucianism &
Modernization in
East Asia
Critical Reflections
Kim Kyong-Dong
Confucianism and Modernization in East Asia
Kim Kyong-Dong
Confucianism and
Modernization in East
Asia
Critical Reflections
Kim Kyong-Dong
Seoul National University
Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
ISBN 978-981-10-3625-5 ISBN 978-981-10-3626-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3626-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936389
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To my beloved family:
Lee On-Jook,
Kim Yojin,
and
Kim Jin,
with affection and gratitude
s C : F l
peCial haraCters oreign anguage
W
ords
Chinese
Chapter 2
the Ming (明)
the Qing Dynasty (or Ch’ing, 淸)
the Central Kingdom or the Middle Kingdom (Zhongguo or Chung-k uo,
中國)
“Chinese Substance of Culture complemented with Western Technologies”
(zhongtixiyong or chungt’ihsiyung, 中體西用)
the “national essence” (guocui; 國粹)
Guo-fu (the father of the nation; 國父)
Three Principles of the People (democracy, nationalism, and people’s live-
lihood, sanminzhuyi; 三民主義)
the Grand Unity Society (datongshehui; 大同社會)
the Zhong Yong (Chung-yung, the Doctrine of the Mean; 中庸)
Chapter 3
benevolence or humanity (ren, 仁)
propriety or rites (li, 禮)
correct rites (fuli, 復禮)
vii
viii SPECIAL ChARACTERS: FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS
Korean
Chapter 2
the Chosǒn (朝鮮; 1392–1910)
the Central Kingdom of high Civilization (Zhonghua, 中華)
“honor China and Repel Barbarians” (chonhwayangi, 尊華攘夷)
the cosmological Principle and Material Forces (i-giron; 理氣論)
“Eastern Ways, Western Technology” (tongdosŏgiron; 東道西器論)
the Tonghak (동학, 東學)
the Enlightenment (kaehwa; 開化)
han’gŭl (한글; the original Korean alphabet)
Tongniphyǒphoe (or the Independence Club; 독립협회)
the Great Korean (han) Empire (Taehan Cheguk; 대한제국)
sŏdosŏgi (Western Ways, Western Technology; 西道西器)
Chapter 3
the hall of Perfection and Equalization (Sŏnggyun’gwan, 성균관, 成均館)
Sŏnbi (the Korean Confucian Literati; 선비)
sŏwŏn (서원; 書院)
hyanggyo (local public school; 향교; 鄕校)
yusin (維新)
chŏng (emotions, sentiments; 정, 情)
Chapter 4
Sirhak (Practical Learning; 실학, 實學)
Sirhak-p’a (the Practical Learning School; 실학파, 實學派)
yangban (gentry; 양반, 兩班)
sŏhak (“Western Learning” or Catholicism; 서학, 西學)
the Southern clique (Namin; 남인, 南人)
volumes (ch’aek, 책, 册),
fascicles (kwŏn; 권, 卷)
Mongminsimsŏ (Admonitions on Governing the People; 목민심서, 牧民
心書)
Kyŏngseyup’yo (the Recommendations for the Management of State Affairs;
경세유표, 經世 遺表)
SPECIAL ChARACTERS: FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS ix
Hŭmhŭmsinsŏ (A New Book on the Prudent Administration of Criminal
Justice: 흠흠신서, 欽欽新書)
the Great Learning (Taehak; 대학, 大學)
yŏjŏnpŏp (a form of cooperative farming; 여전법, 閭田法)
yŏ (village unit; 여, 閭)
Chuch’e (ideology of self-reliance; 주체, 主體)
Yiyong-gam (office to handle practical matters to enrich and strengthen a
country; 이용감, 利用監)
Dure (두레), a form of providing labor in case of need; P’umasi (품앗이),
a type of mutual exchange of labor in times of need; and Kye (계), a
type of financial cooperative
Japanese
Chapter 2
Tokugawa regime (德川)
sakoku (closing the country to the outside world; 鎖國)
fukokukyŏhei (rich country, strong army; 富國强兵)
sonnōjōi (revere the monarch and expel the barbarians; 尊王攘夷)
Sei-i Taishogun (literally, Great Barbarian-subduing Generalissimo; 征夷
大將軍)
wakonyōsai (Japanese spirit with Western ability; 和魂洋才)
the “leave Asia” policy (tatsu-a; 脫亞)
the Rescript on Education (kyoikuchokugo; 敎育勅語)
the kokutai (national polity, or national entity, literally national body or
even national essence; 國體)
Kokutai no hongi (the nationalistic textbook; 國體の本義)
Shinto (“the Way of gods”; 神道)
shin or kami (gods; 神)
the Sun Goddess (amaterasuomikami; 天照大御神)
Chapter 3
meiji-ishin (明治維新)
the Way of the Subject (shinmin no michi, 臣民の道)
ethics or character-building textbooks (shushin-sho, 修身書)
dotoku (morality; 道德)
x SPECIAL ChARACTERS: FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS
Civil Code (minpo, 民法)
the family or home (ie, 家)
the village community (mura, 村)
a field, place, or environment of existence (ba, 場)
Korean and Chinese Juxtaposed
i (li, principle; 이, 理)
ki (ch’i, material force; 기, 氣)
“the repossession or reconstruction of the Way” (tot’ong, tao-t’ung; 도통,
道統)
teachings (kyo, chiao; 교, 敎)
the spiritual ruler of heaven (sangje, shang-ti; 상제, 上帝)
the ruler (wang, wàng; 왕, 王)
“state” (kuk, kuo; 국, 國 or kukka, kuo-chia; 국가, 國家)
mind/heart (sim, hsin; 심, 心)
“sincerity” (sŏng, ch’eng; 성, 誠)
the Way of man (indo, jen-tao; 인도, 人道)
the mind of the Way (tosim, tao-hsin; 도심, 道心)
the mind of man (insim, jen-hsin; 인심, 人心)
practical performance (tŏk, te; 덕, 德)
“filial piety, respect for elders or brotherly love, and parental love or com-
passion” (hyo che cha, hsiao-ti-tz ‘u; 효제자, 孝悌慈).
benevolence (in, jen; 인, 仁)
“being watchful over oneself and being prudent even in solitude” (sindok,
shen-tu; 신독, 愼獨)
government for the sake of the people (wimin, wei-min; 위민, 爲民)
the emperor (the son of heaven, ch’ŏnja, t’ien-tzu; 천자, 天子, as he was
called in China)
propriety (ye, li; 예, 禮)
law (pop, fa; 법, 法)
Chou-li (the Standards of Propriety of Chou; 주례, 周禮)
“people-centered” (minbon, minpen; 민본, 民本)
the foundation and branch, or the stem and branch (ponmal; pen-mo; 본
말, 本末)
Kongja chi to sugich‘iin ii (K’ung-tzuchih-tao hsiu-chi-chi-ren erh-i; 공자지
도수기치인이이, 孔子之道修己治人而已)
righteousness (ŭi or i; 의, 義)
music (ak or yüeh, 악, 樂)
SPECIAL ChARACTERS: FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS xi
wisdom (chi or chih, 지, 智)
trust (sin or hsin; 신, 信)
knowledge (chi or chih; 지, 知)
“investigation of things” (kyŏkmul or kowu; 격물, 格物) and “extension of
knowledge” (ch’iji or chihchih; 치지, 致知),
loyalty or conscientiousness (ch’ung or chung; 충, 忠)
yin–yang (음-양, 陰-陽)