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Confrontational and Cooperative Regional Orders: Managing Regional Security in World Politics PDF

217 Pages·2021·2.384 MB·English
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1 Confrontational and Cooperative 2 3 Regional Orders 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 This book explains cooperative and confrontational regional orders in the post- 14 Cold War era. 15 Applying a push- and-pull framework to the evolution of regional orders, the 16 book’s theoretical section compares regional dynamics and studies the trans- 17 formation and authority of governing arrangements among key regional actors 18 who manage security and institutional cooperation. This presents a novel 19 approach to comparing non- Western regional orders, and helps forge a better 20 integration between International Relations disciplinary approaches and area 21 studies. The empirical section analyzes Central Eurasia and South America 22 within the period 1989–2017, using case studies and interviews with decision- 23 makers, practitioners and experts. The volume demonstrates that soft engage- 24 ment strategies from extra- regional great powers and internationalist domestic 25 coalitions framed in a stable democratic polity are forces for peaceful inter- 26 action, while hard engagement strategies from great external powers plus nation- 27 alist coalitions within democratic backsliding in key regional powers present 28 negative outlooks for regional cooperation. 29 This book will be of much interest to students of regional security, com- 30 parative politics, area studies and International Relations. 31 32 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi is Executive Secretary of the Center for International 33 Affairs at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina. He is also Senior 34 Researcher at the Center for Research and Strategic Studies of the 35 Argentine Navy. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 1 20/6/19 16:01:30 11 Routledge Global Security Studies 22 Series Editors: Aaron Karp and Regina Karp 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 Global Security Studies emphasizes broad forces reshaping global security and 1133 the dilemmas facing decision-m akers the world over. The series stresses issues 1144 relevant in many countries and regions, accessible to broad professional and aca- 1155 demic audiences as well as to students, and enduring through explicit theoretical 1166 foundations. 1177 1188 US National Security Reform 1199 Reassessing the National Security Act of 1947 2200 Edited by Heidi B. Demarest and Erica D. Borghard 2211 2222 Geo- economics and Power Politics in the 21st Century 2233 The Revival of Economic Statecraft 2244 Edited by Mikael Wigell, Sören Scholvin and Mika Aaltola 2255 2266 Nuclear Command and Control Norms 2277 A Comparative Study 2288 Salma Shaheen 2299 3300 Global Nuclear Order 3311 Sara Z. Kutchesfahani 3322 3333 Nuclear Disarmament 3344 A Critical Assessment 3355 Edited by Bård Nikolas Vik Steen and Olav Njølstad 3366 3377 Confrontational and Cooperative Regional Orders 3388 Managing Regional Security in World Politics 3399 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi 4400 4411 For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ 4422 Routledge-G lobal-Security-S tudies/book- series/RGSS 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 2 20/6/19 16:01:30 11 Confrontational and 22 33 Cooperative Regional Orders 44 55 66 Managing Regional Security in 77 World Politics 88 99 1100 1111 1122 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi 1133 1144 1155 1166 1177 1188 1199 2200 2211 2222 2233 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 3 20/6/19 16:01:30 11 First published 2020 22 by Routledge 33 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 44 and by Routledge 55 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 66 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 77 © 2020 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi 88 The right of Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi to be identified as author of this work 99 has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the 1100 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 1111 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 1122 utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in 1133 any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing 1144 from the publishers. 1155 Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or 1166 registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. 1177 1188 British Library Cataloguing-i n-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 1199 Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data 2200 A catalog record has been requested for this book 2211 2222 ISBN: 978-0-367-18777-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-19819-9 (ebk) 2233 2244 Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 4 20/6/19 16:01:30 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 1133 To Estefania, my life companion 1144 1155 1166 1177 1188 1199 2200 2211 2222 2233 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 5 20/6/19 16:01:30 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 1133 1144 1155 1166 1177 1188 1199 2200 2211 2222 2233 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 6 20/6/19 16:01:31 11 Contents 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 1133 List of figures viii 1144 List of tables ix 1155 Preface x 1166 Acknowledgments xii 1177 1188 1199 1 Bringing the regions back in 1 2200 2211 2 Regional orders: push-a nd-pull mechanisms of regional 2222 transformation 13 2233 2244 3 Central Eurasia: from the historical foundations to the age 2255 of strong leaderships 43 2266 2277 4 South America: from regional transformation to the 2288 2299 decline of the Brazilian-l ed “South Ameri canization” 118 3300 3311 5 Transformation, autonomy, and authority: regional orders 3322 in comparative perspective 196 3333 3344 6 Regional orders in the Trump era 210 3355 3366 3377 Index 217 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 7 20/6/19 16:01:31 11 Figures 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 2.1 Regional transformation: the push-a nd-pull model 34 1133 3.1 Power structure in Central Eurasia (1988–2013) 44 1144 3.2 Bilateral trade Russia‒Turkey (1985–2003) (US$ millions) 68 1155 3.3 Natural gas: trade volume by pipeline to Turkey (1991–2003) 1166 (in billion cubic meters) 71 1177 3.4 Bilateral trade Russia‒Turkey (2003–2015) (US$ millions) 80 1188 3.5 Natural gas: trade by pipeline to Turkey (2004–2015) 1199 (in billion cubic meters) 88 2200 4.1 Power structure in South America (1860–2013) 119 2211 4.2 Bilateral trade Brazil‒Argentina (2001–2016) (US$ billion) 161 2222 5.1 Push- and-pull transformative mechanisms in Central Eurasia 203 2233 5.2 Push- and-pull transformative mechanisms in South America 204 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 8 20/6/19 16:01:31 11 Tables 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1100 1111 1122 1133 2.1 Ideal type international orders since 1945 21 1144 2.2 International orders in the post-C old War 22 1155 2.3 Confrontational and cooperative regional orders 32 1166 3.1 Periodization of Russo-T urkish relations and the Central 1177 Eurasian order 46 1188 4.1 Periodization of Brazilian–Argentine relations and the South 1199 Amer ican order 122 2200 5.1 Confrontational and cooperative regional orders in 2211 comparative perspective 208 2222 2233 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288 2299 3300 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388 3399 4400 4411 4422 4433 4444 4455 1186_00_Confrontational and Cooperative_pre.indd 9 20/6/19 16:01:31

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