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Cone Beam Computed Tomography PDF

266 Pages·2014·51.952 MB·English
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Medical Physics S h a w Cone Beam Computed Tomography Cone Beam C Edited by o Chris C. Shaw Computed Tomography n e B Cone Beam Computed Tomography explores the past, present, and future state of medical x-ray imaging while explaining how cone beam CT, with its superior spatial resolution and compact configuration, e is used in clinical applications and animal research. The book: a m • Supplies a detailed introduction to cone beam CT, covering basic principles and applications as well as advanced techniques C • Explores state-of-the-art research and future developments while examining the fundamental o limitations of the technology m • Addresses issues related to implementation and system characteristics, including image quality, artifacts, radiation dose, and perception p u • Reviews the historical development of medical x-ray imaging, from conventional CT techniques to t volumetric 3D imaging e d • Discusses the major components of cone beam CT: image acquisition, reconstruction, processing, and display T o A reference work for scientists, engineers, students, and imaging professionals, Cone Beam Computed Tomography provides a solid understanding of the theory and implementation of this revolutionary m technology. o g r a p h y Edited by Chris C. Shaw K12071 ISBN: 978-1-4398-4626-1 90000 9 781439 846261 K12071_Cover_final.indd 1 12/12/13 2:29 PM Cone Beam Computed Tomography IMAGING IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY William R. Hendee, Series Editor Published titles Quality and Safety in Radiotherapy Physics of Thermal Therapy: Todd Pawlicki, Peter B. Dunscombe, Fundamentals and Clinical Applications Arno J. Mundt, and Pierre Scalliet, Editors Eduardo Moros, Editor ISBN: 978-1-4398-0436-0 ISBN: 978-1-4398-4890-6 Adaptive Radiation Therapy Emerging Imaging Technologies in X. Allen Li, Editor Medicine ISBN: 978-1-4398-1634-9 Mark A. Anastasio and Patrick La Riviere, Editors Quantitative MRI in Cancer ISBN: 978-1-4398-8041-8 Thomas E. Yankeelov, David R. Pickens, and Ronald R. Price, Editors Cancer Nanotechnology: Principles and ISBN: 978-1-4398-2057-5 Applications in Radiation Oncology Sang Hyun Cho and Sunil Krishnan, Editors Informatics in Medical Imaging ISBN: 978-1-4398-7875-0 George C. Kagadis and Steve G. Langer, Editors Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation ISBN: 978-1-4398-3124-3 Therapy Joao Seco and Frank Verhaegen, Editors Adaptive Motion Compensation in ISBN: 978-1-4665-0792-0 Radiotherapy Martin J. Murphy, Editor Image Processing in Radiation Therapy ISBN: 978-1-4398-2193-0 Kristy Kay Brock, Editor ISBN: 978-1-4398-3017-8 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Daniel J. Bourland, Editor Informatics in Radiation Oncology ISBN: 978-1-4398-0273-1 George Starkschall and R. Alfredo C. Siochi, Editors Targeted Molecular Imaging ISBN: 978-1-4398-2582-2 Michael J. Welch and William C. Eckelman, Editors Cone Beam Computed Tomography ISBN: 978-1-4398-4195-0 Chris C. Shaw, Editor ISBN: 978-1-4398-4626-1 Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy C.-M. Charlie Ma and Tony Lomax, Editors Tomosynthesis Imaging ISBN: 978-1-4398-1607-3 Ingrid Reiser and Stephen Glick, Editors ISBN: 978-1-4398-7870-5 Comprehensive Brachytherapy: Physical and Clinical Aspects Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Jack Venselaar, Dimos Baltas, Peter J. Hoskin, Radiotherapy and Ali Soleimani-Meigooni, Editors Stanley H. Benedict, Brian D. Kavanagh, and ISBN: 978-1-4398-4498-4 David J. Schlesinger, Editors ISBN: 978-1-4398-4197-6 Physics of Mammographic Imaging Mia K. Markey, Editor ISBN: 978-1-4398-7544-5 IMAGING IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY William R. Hendee, Series Editor Forthcoming titles Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis in Medical Imaging Qiang Li and Robert M. Nishikawa, Editors Handbook of Small Animal Imaging: Preclinical Imaging, Therapy, and Applications George Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, George K. Loudos, and Dimitrios Karnabatidis, Editors Physics of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular Imaging Carlo Cavedon and Stephen Rudin, Editors Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy Aaron Fenster and James C. Lacefield, Editors Physics of PET Imaging Magnus Dahlbom, Editor Hybrid Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine Yi-Hwa Liu and Albert Sinusas, Editors Scintillation Dosimetry Sam Beddar and Luc Beaulieu, Editors Cone Beam Computed Tomography Edited by Chris C. Shaw Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Taylor & Francis is an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20131203 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-4627-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Series preface ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Editor xv Contributors xvii Part I FUNDaMENtaL PrINCIPLES aND tECHNIQUES 1 1. History of x-ray computed tomography 3 Jiang Hsieh 2. acquisition of projection images 9 Wei Zhao and Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen 3. reconstruction algorithms 21 Liang Li, Zhiqiang Chen, and Ge Wang 4. Cone-beam Ct image quality 37 Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen, Wojciech Zbijewski, and Jennifer Xu 5. radiation dose 59 Ioannis Sechopoulos Part II aDVaNCED tECHNIQUES 73 6. Image simulation 75 Iacovos S. Kyprianou 7. 3D image processing, analysis, and visualization 87 Kenneth R. Hoffmann, Peter B. Noël, and Martin Fiebich 8. Volume-of-interest imaging 115 Chris C. Shaw 9. Four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography 123 Tinsu Pan 10. Image corrections for scattered radiation 129 Cem Altunbas Part III aPPLICatIONS 149 11. Multidetector row Ct 151 Xiangyang Tang 12. Cone beam micro-Ct for small-animal research 173 Erik L. Ritman 13. Cardiac imaging 183 Katsuyuki (Ken) Taguchi and Elliot K. Fishman 14. C-arm Ct in the interventional suite: Current status and future directions 199 Rebecca Fahrig, Jared Starman, Erin Girard, Amin Al-Ahmad, Hewei Gao, Nishita Kothary, and Arundhuti Ganguly 15. Cone beam Ct: transforming radiation treatment guidance, planning, and monitoring 223 John W. Wong, David A. Jaffray, Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen, and Di Yan 16. Breast Ct 235 Stephen J. Glick Series preface Since their inception more than a century ago, advances in At the 2007 annual meeting of the American Association of the science and technology of medical imaging and radiation Physicists in Medicine in Minneapolis, this challenge was the therapy are more profound and rapid than ever before. topic of conversation during a lunch hosted by Taylor & Francis, Furthermore, the disciplines are increasingly cross-linked as involving a group of senior medical physicists (Arthur L. Boyer, imaging methods become more widely used to plan, guide, Joseph O. Deasy, C.-M. Charlie Ma, Todd A. Pawlicki, Ervin monitor, and assess treatments in radiation therapy. Today, B. Podgorsak, Elke Reitzel, Anthony B. Wolbarst, and Ellen the technologies of medical imaging and radiation therapy are D. Yorke). The conclusion of this discussion was that a book so complex and so computer-driven that it is difficult for the series should be launched under the Taylor & Francis banner, persons (physicians and technologists) responsible for their with each volume in the series addressing a rapidly advancing clinical use to know exactly what is happening at the point area of medical imaging or radiation therapy of importance to of care, when a patient is being examined or treated. The medical physicists. The aim would be for each volume to provide persons best equipped to understand the technologies and their medical physicists with the information needed to understand applications are medical physicists, and these individuals are technologies driving a rapid advance and their applications to safe assuming greater responsibilities in the clinical arena to ensure and effective delivery of patient care. that what is intended for the patient is actually delivered in a safe Each volume in the series is edited by one or more individuals and effective manner. with recognized expertise in the technological area encompassed However, the growing responsibilities of medical physicists in by the book. The editors are responsible for selecting the authors the clinical arenas of medical imaging and radiation therapy of individual chapters and ensuring that the chapters are are not without their challenges. Most medical physicists comprehensive and intelligible to someone without such expertise. are knowledgeable in either radiation therapy or medical The enthusiasm of volume editors and chapter authors has been imaging, and expert in one or a small number of areas within gratifying and reinforces the conclusion of the Minneapolis their discipline. They sustain their expertise in these areas luncheon that this series of books addresses a major need of by reading scientific articles and attending scientific talks medical physicists. at meetings. In contrast, their responsibilities increasingly Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy would not have extend beyond their specific areas of expertise. To meet these been possible without the encouragement and support of the responsibilities, medical physicists periodically must refresh their series manager, Luna Han of Taylor & Francis. The editors and knowledge of advances in medical imaging or radiation therapy, authors, and most of all I, are indebted to her steady guidance of and they must be prepared to function at the intersection of these the entire project. two fields. How to accomplish these objectives is a challenge. William Hendee, Series Editor Rochester, MN

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