MMMM This page intentionally left blank Conductdisordersinchildhoodandadolescence Conductdisordersareverycommoninthepopulationandthemostfrequentreasonforclinical referralstochildandadolescentmentalhealthfacilities.Aggressionandoppositionalbehaviours in young children often become persistent, and substantially increase the likelihood of adult problemsofcriminality,unstablerelationships,psychiatricdisorderandharshparenting. Thiscomprehensivebookreviewsestablishedandemergingaspectsofconductdisorder,with contributionsfromleadingcliniciansandresearchersinthefield.Theyhighlightthecomplexity and probable heterogeneity of the condition, with chapters on genetic, biological, neuro- psychologicalandcognitivefactors,andtheroleofattachment,familyandwidersocialinfluen- ces.Influencesonthepersistenceofconductproblemsthroughchildhoodandintoadultlifeare reviewed, as are preventative and treatment approaches. The book concludes with a con- siderationof recent progress and future directions, by MichaelRutter. Throughout the book developmentalandgender-basedvariationsareemphasized. Integratingfindingsfromawiderangeofresearchperspectives,thisisauniquelyauthoritative surveyofacommonclinicalandsocialproblem,andwillbeessentialreadingformentalhealth practitionersandotherswithclinical,sociologicalor medicolegalinterestsinchildhealthand behaviour. JonathanHillisProfessorofChildandDevelopmentalPsychiatryattheUniversityofLiverpool and Alder Hey Children’sHospital, and research consultantto the Child and Family Center, MenningerClinic,Topeka,Kansas.HispublicationsincludeMind,MeaningandMentalDisorder withDerekBoltonandpapersonadultpsychosocialfunctioningfollowingillnessormaltreat- mentinchildhood. BarbaraMaughanisamemberoftheMRCExternalScientificStaffattheSocial,Geneticand DevelopmentalPsychiatryResearch Centre at the Instituteof Psychiatryin London. She has publishedwidelyintheareaofchildren’sbehaviour,includingco-authoringthenowclassictext FifteenThousandHours:SecondarySchoolsandtheirEffectsonChildren. CambridgeChildandAdolescentPsychiatry Childandadolescentpsychiatryisanimportantandgrowingareaofclinicalpsychiatry.Thelastdecade hasseenarapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeinthisfieldandhasprovidedanewunderstandingof theunderlyingpathologyofmentaldisordersintheseagegroups.Thisseriesisaimedatpractitioners and researchers both in child and adolescent mental health services and developmental and clinical neuroscience.Focusingonpsychopathology,ithighlightsthosetopicswherethegrowthofknowledge has had the greatest impact on clinical practiceand on the treatment and understandingof mental illness. Individual volumes benefit both from the international expertise of their contributors and a coherencegeneratedthroughauniformstyleandstructurefortheseries.Eachvolumeprovidesfirstly anhistoricaloverviewandacleardescriptiveaccountofthepsychopathologyofaspecificdisorderor group of related disorders. These featuresthen form the basis for a thoroughcritical review of the etiology,naturalhistory,management,preventionandimpactonlateradultadjustment.Whilsteach volumeisthereforecompleteinitsownright,volumesalsorelatetoeachothertocreateaflexibleand collectableseriesthatshouldappealtostudentsaswellasexperiencedscientistsandpractitioners. Editorialboard Serieseditor ProfessorIanM.GoodyerUniversityofCambridge Associateeditors ProfessorDonaldJ.Cohen ProfessorRobertN.Goodman YaleChildStudyCenter InstituteofPsychiatry,London ProfessorBarryNurcombe ProfessorHelmutRemschmidt TheUniversityofQueensland KlinikumderPhilipps-Universita¨t,Germany ProfessorHermanvanEngeland ProfessorFredR.Volkmar AcademischZiekenhuisUtrecht YaleChildStudyCenter Alreadypublishedinthisseries: TheDepressedChildandAdolescentsecondeditioneditedbyIanM.Goodyer pb SchizophreniainChildrenandAdolescentseditedbyHelmutRemschmidt pb Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and Intervention edited by WendySilvermanandPhilipTreffers0521789664 pb AutismandPervasiveDevelopmentalDisorderseditedbyFredR.Volkmar0521553865 hb Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Families by Philip Graham 0 521 57252 5 hb 0521576261 pb HyperactivityDisordersofChildhoodeditedbySeijaSandberg0521432502 hb Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence Editedby Jonathan Hill and Barbara Maughan The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org ©Cambridge University Press 2004 First published in printed format ISBN 0-511-03583-7 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-63192-0 hardback ISBN 0-521-78639-8 paperback Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publisher therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use. Contents Listofcontributors pagevii Preface xi JonathanHillandBarbaraMaughan 1 Badbehaviour:anhistoricalperspectiveondisordersofconduct 1 E.JaneCostelloandAdrianAngold 2 Canthestudyof‘normal’behaviourcontributetoanunderstanding ofconductdisorder? 32 RobertA.Hinde 3 Thedevelopmentofchildren’sconflictandprosocialbehaviour: lessonsfromresearchonsocialunderstandingandgender 49 JudyDunn 4 Neuralmechanismsunderlyingaggressivebehaviour 67 JoeHerbertandManuelaMartinez 5 Biosocialinfluencesonantisocialbehavioursinchildhoodand adolescence 103 JonathanHill 6 Theepidemiologyofdisordersofconduct:nosologicalissuesand comorbidity 126 AdrianAngoldandE.JaneCostello 7 Conductdisorderincontext 169 BarbaraMaughan 8 Geneticinfluencesonconductdisorder 202 EmilySimonoff v vi Contents 9 Theroleofneuropsychologicaldeficitsinconductdisorders 235 DonaldR.LynamandBillHenry 10 Areinforcementmodelofconductproblemsinchildrenandadolescents: advancesintheoryandintervention 264 JeffKiesner,ThomasJ.DishionandFranc¸oisPoulin 11 Perceptualandattributionalprocessesinaggressionandconduct problems 292 GregoryS.Pettit,JodiA.PolahaandJacquelynMize 12 Attachmentandconductdisorder 320 MichelleDeKlyenandMatthewL.Speltz 13 Friends,friendshipsandconductdisorders 346 FrankVitaro,RichardE.TremblayandWilliamM.Bukowski 14 Continuitiesanddiscontinuitiesof development,withparticularempha- sisonemotionalandcognitivecomponentsofdisruptivebehaviour 379 RolfLoeberandJohnCoie 15 Treatmentofconductdisorders 408 AlanE.Kazdin 16 Thepreventionofconductdisorder:areviewofsuccessfuland unsuccessfulexperiments 449 DavidLeMarquand,RichardE.TremblayandFrankVitaro 17 Economicevaluationandconductdisorders 478 MartinKnapp 18 Antisocialchildrengrownup 507 BarbaraMaughanandMichaelRutter 19 Conductdisorder:futuredirections.Anafterword 553 MichaelRutter Index 573 Contributors AdrianAngold JudyDunn DevelopmentalEpidemiologyProgram Social,GeneticandDevelopmental Box3454,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter PsychiatryResearchCentre DurhamNC27710,USA InstituteofPsychiatry 111DenmarkHill WilliamM.Bukowski LondonSE58AF,UK DepartmentofPsychology ConcordiaUniversity BillHenry PY170 DepartmentofPsychology 7141SherbrookeWay ColbyCollege Montreal,Quebec WatervilleME04901,USA CanadaH4B1R6 JoeHerbert JohnCoie DepartmentofAnatomy DepartmentofPsychology UniversityofCambridge SocialandHealthSciences DowningStreet DukeUniversity CambridgeCB23DY,UK DurhamNC22710,USA JonathanHill E.JaneCostello UniversityChildMentalHealthUnit DevelopmentalEpidemiologyProgram MulberryHouse Box3454,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter RoyalLiverpoolChildren’sHospital DurhamNC27710,USA AlderHey,EatonRoad, LiverpoolL122AP,UK MichelleDeKlyen Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical RobertA.Hinde Center StJohn’sCollege 4800SandPointWay CambridgeCB21TP,UK POBox5371,Seattle Washington98105–0371,USA AlanE.Kazdin DepartmentofPsychology ThomasJ.Dishion YaleUniversity OregonSocialLearningCenter POBox208205 207East5thAvenue NewHaven Suite202,Eugene Connecticut Oregon97401,USA 06520–8205,USA vii viii Listofcontributors JeffKiesner JacquelynMize DipartimentodiPsicologiadello HumanDevelopmentandFamilyStudies SviluppoedellaSocializzazione SchoolofHumanSciences Universita`degliStudidiPadova AuburnUniversity viaVenezias AL36849,USA 35131Padova Italy GregoryS.Pettit HumanDevelopmentandFamilyStudies MartinKnapp SchoolofHumanSciences CentrefortheEconomicsofMentalHealth AuburnUniversity InstituteofPsychiatry AL36849,USA 7WindsorWalk DenmarkHill JodiA.Polaha LondonSE58BB,UK DepartmentofPsychology AuburnUniversity DavidLeMarquand AL36849,USA RehabilitationandForensicPrograms NorthBayPsychiatricHospital Franc¸oisPoulin 4700Highway11North De´partmentdePsychologie POBox3010 Universite´deQue´beca`Montre´al NorthBay,ON CasepostaleCentre-ville P1B8L1,Canada Montre´al Que´becH3C3P8 RolfLoeber Canada LifeHistoryStudies WesternPsychiatricInstituteandClinic MichaelRutter 3811O’HaraStreet Social,GeneticandDevelopmental PittsburghPA15213,USA PsychiatryResearchCentre InstituteofPsychiatry DonaldR.Lynam 111DenmarkHill DepartmentofPsychology LondonSE58AF,UK CollegeofArtsandSciences UniversityofKentucky EmilySimonoff 115KastleHall,Lexington DepartmentofChildandAdolescent Kentucky40506–0044,USA PsychiatryandPsychology BloomfieldClinic,Guy’sHospital ManuelaMartinez StThomasStreet AreaofPsychobiology LondonSE19RT,UK FacultyofPsychology UniversityofValencia,Spain MatthewL.Speltz Children’sHospitalandMedicalCenter BarbaraMaughan 4800SandPointWay Social,GeneticandDevelopmental POBoxC5371,Seattle PsychiatryResearchCentre Washington98105,USA InstituteofPsychiatry 111DenmarkHill LondonSE58AF,UK
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