Condensed Matter Theories: Volume 3 PDF
Preview Condensed Matter Theories: Volume 3
Condensed MATTER TREORIES VOLUME3 Editorial Board R. F. Bishop (UMIST, Manchester, U.K.) J. W Clark (,Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.) M. de Llano (North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, U.S.A.) F. B. Malik (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, U.S.A) International A.dvisory Committee V. C. Aguilera-Navarro (Brazil) R. F. Bishop (U.K.) C. E. Campbell (U.S.A.) J. W Clark (U.S.A.) J. Dabrowski (Poland) M. de Llano (U.S.A.) R. Guardiola (Spain) J. Keller (Mexico) E. V. Ludefia (Venezuela) F. B. Malik (U.S.A.) A. Plastino (Argentina) S. Rosati (Italy) C. W Woo (U.S.A.) A. Zuker (France) Organizing Committee for the Eleventh "WOrkshop J. S. Arponen (Helsinki, Finland)-Chairman E. Pajanne (Helsinki, Finland)-Secretary R. F. Bishop (Manchester, U.K.) J. W Clark (St. Louis, U.S.A.) M. de Llano (Fargo, U.S.A.) A. Kallio (Qulu, Finland) F. B. Malik (Carbondale, U.S.A.) A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order wlll bnng delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further infonnation please contact the publisher. Condensed MATTER THEORIES 3 VOLUME Edited by Jo uko S. Arponen Umversity of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland R. F. Bishop Umverslty of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Manchester, United Kingdom and Matti Manninen Helsinkl Universlty of Technology Espoo, Fmland Plenum Press • New York and London ISBN-13:978-1-4612-8271-6 e-lSBN-13: 978-1-4613-0971-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0971-0 LC 87-656591 Proceedings of the 11th International Wlrkshop on Condensed Matter Theories held July 27-August I, 1987, in Qulu, Finland © 1988 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This book is the third volume in an approximately annual series which comprises the proceedings of the International Workshops on Condensed Matter Theories. The first of these meetings took place in 1977 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and successive workshops have been held in Trieste, Italy (1978), Buenos Aires, Argentina (1979), Caracas, Venezuela (1980), Mexico City, Mexico (1981), St. Louis, USA (1982), Altenberg, Federal Republic of Germany (1983), Granada, Spain (1984), San Francisco, USA (1985), and Argonne, USA (1986). The present volume contains the proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop which took place in Qulu, Finland during the period 27 July - 1 August, 1987. The original motivation and the historical evolution of the series of Workshops have been amply described in the preface to the first volume in the present series. An important objective throughout has been to work against the ever-present trend for physics to fragment into increasingly narrow fields of specialisation, between which communication is difficult. The Workshops have traditionally sought to emphasise the unity of physics. By bringing together scientists working in many different areas of condensed matter theory, for the dual purpose of fostering collaborations between them and promoting the exchange of ideas between various disciplines, a common language has been exposed and developed. The Editor of the first volume in the series, F.B. Malik, expressed it thus: "Given a proper forum, scientists working in such diverse areas as band structure calculations and neutron stars can still come together, understand each others' research and borrow ideas from one area to another. In these days of specialization, this is an uncommon thing but important for the cross-fertilization of different fields and the overall understanding of the physical world around us". From their Pan-American origins, the Workshops in this series rapidly developed into the significant international meetings that they have now become. This last Work shop in Finland, for example, had participants from thirteen different countries. A particularly pleasing development was the presence for the first time of scientists from the Soviet Union. The Workshops have thus successfully fostered truly international collaborations between scientists divided not only by interdisciplinary barriers but also by geographical and political boundaries. v The 31 invited papers given at the Eleventh International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories comprise the bulk of the present Volume. Two additional contributions are included from invited speakers who were intending to participate but who had to cancel at the last moment. These two papers were approved for inclusion by the Series Editorial Board, following the recommendations of independent referees. In keeping with the aims and spirit of the series, the individual articles that com prise this book belong to condensed matter theory interpreted very broadly. Most of the articles deal either with such methods as the various cluster techniques, Jastrow variational approaches, density functional methods and Green function techniques, or with such physical systems as quantum fluids, nuclear matter, correlated electronic systems, and superfluid or superconductive systems. However, some of the papers also deal with subjects and techniques that, while nonstandard in this subject grouping, open new perspectives on related phenomena in standard condensed matter physics. Examples are provided by the articles dealing with quantum chromodynamics as a many-body problem, quark degrees of freedom in nucleon - antinucleon scattering, nonlinear phenomena in quantum optics, and neural networks in chaos or in equilib rium. Particularly topical examples are the contributions dealing with such urgent and exciting new discoveries as the supernova 1987 A and high-temperature superconduc tivity. For ease of use the articles do not follow the same ordering as the talks given at the Workshop. The Editors have attempted to group them instead. The largest such group consists of those articles where the formal methodology itself plays an important role. The techniques discussed include the parquet technique in the Green function formu lation, various paired-fermion and bosonization methods, the coupled-cluster method, and other approaches of methodological interest. The other groups consist of articles in which the main emphasis lies more with applications of the available techniques to such systems as quantum fluids, and electronic systems in solids, metals, semiconductors and the new ceramic materials displaying superconductivity at high temperatures; and to many-body systems or phenomena of interest in nuclear physics and high-energy physics, or in which highly collective nonlinear dynamical behaviour plays a key role. The reader, however, should be warned against placing too strict or too narrow an interpretation on our classification scheme. It is not possible to record in this book all of the other events and activities which contributed so much to the success and ethos of the Workshop. Two events are par ticularly worthy of mention in this regard. The first is the talk entitled "Interacting Boson Model: A Short Survey" by Igal Talmi, on the development and background of the collective model of the nucleus. The second was the lively panel discussion on high-temperature superconductivity, chaired by H. Glyde, with R. Klemm, R.N. Silver, R. Kalia, J. Keller, E. Bashkin and S. Kusmartsev as the main participants. The Editors wish to express their gratitude to many people who contributed to the choice of scientific programme and in other ways to the success of the Workshop. In particular we acknowledge the support and advice of John W. Clark, Manuel de Llano, vi Alpo Kallio, and F. Bary Malik. We also thank Manfred L. Ristig and various members of the International Advisory Committee for their helpful ideas and recommendations. The meeting was made possible by financial support from the Research Institute for Theoretical Physics, Helsinki, the Finnish Ministry of Education, the Finnish Cultural Foundation and NORDITA, Copenhagen. The contribution of each of these sponsors is gratefully acknowledged. It is also a pleasure to record the particular assistance of Alpo Kallio and Erkki Pajanne, who contributed so much to the smooth organisation of the Workshop, and of Mrs. Maila Volanen for her efficient work as the Workshop Secretary. louko S. Arponen Helsinki, Finland Raymond F. Bishop Manchester, England Matti Manninen vii CONTENTSt FORMAL METHODS Parquet Theory: the Diagrams .................................................. 1 R.A. Smith' and A. Lande Generalized Self-Consistent Field Equations for Multiple Pairs of Fermions ...... 11 J.Y. Shapiro and F.B. Malik' The Anharmonic Oscillator Revisited ........................................... 21 H.G. Kiimmel' Boson, Symplectic and Other Replicas for Simple Hamiltonians ................. 29 A.P. Zuker', M. Dufour and C. Pomar Towards a Coupled Cluster Gauge-Field Approach to Quantum Hydrody- namics .................................................................. 51 J. Arponen, R.F. Bishop', E. Pajanne, and N.I. Robinson On the Existence and Realization of Size-Extensive Effective Hamiltonian Theories for General Model Spaces ....................................... 67 D. Mukherjee' Open-Shell Coupled-Cluster Studies of Atomic and Molecular Systems .......... 83 U. Kaldor' Variational Approximation to the Non-Hermitian Dyson Boson Hamilto- nian ..................................................................... 93 M.C. Cambiaggio' and J. Dukelsky On the Convergence of Cluster Expansions in Finite Nuclei .................... 101 M.C. Bosca., E. Buendia, and R. Guardiola' Semiclassical Molecular Dynamics of Wavepackets in One-Dimensional Phase Space ............................................................ 115 A. Haque and T.F. George t Asterisk (') next to name identifies the speaker ;x QUANTUM FLUIDS Theory of Neutron Scattering Experiments on Momentum Distributions in Quantum Fluids ..................................................... 131 R.N. Silver" Excitations at High Momentum in Quantum Fluids ............................ 143 B. Tanatar, E.F. Talbot, and H.R. Glyde" Dynamic Structure Function of the Quantum Boson Fluid in the Jastrow Theory ................................................................. 157 M. Saarela" and J. Suominen Lennard-Jones Boson Matter in the Thermodynamic Perturbation Scheme ..... 167 V.C. Aguilera-Navarro, C. Keller, M. de Llano', R. Guardiola, and M.A. Solfs Semi quantum Gases: Quantum Collective Phenomena in Classical Tem- perature Range ......................................................... 179 E.P. Bashkin" ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND SOLIDS Some Thoughts on the New High To Superconductors ......................... 185 R.A. Klemm" Nature of Gigantic Resistance Fluctuations in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Wires .................................................................. 197 R.K. Kalia" The Formulation of Density Functional Theory ................................ 201 J. Keller" and C. Amador The Energy Density Functional Theory: Present Status-Reflections ............ 209 E.S. Kryachko' Structures of Small Metal Clusters ............................................ 221 M. Manninen" Generalized Gradient Approximations for Exchange and Correlation: Nu- merical Tests and Prospects ............................................ 235 J.P. Perdew, M.K. Harbola, and V. Sahni NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY MANY-BODY PROBLEMS Effective Interactions and Elementary Excitations in Nuclear Matter ........... 249 J. Wambach', D. Pines, and K.F. Quader The Particle-Hole Interaction in Finite Nuclei ................................. 261 W.H. Dickhoff' x Role of Virtual Double Delta Components in Nuclei ........................... 269 S.A. Moszkowski' Characteristics of Pion-Condensed Neutron Stars - Pulsar Glitch and Su- pernova 1987 A ........................................................ . 281 T. Takatsuka' NN Annihilation in Terms of Quarks .......................................... 295 A.M. Green' QCD as a Many-Body Problem and Aspects of Confinement ................... 305 D. Schiitte" Nucleon Mean-Free Path in Nuclear Matter ................................... 311 J. Dabrowski' Saturation in Nuclear Matter: A New Perspective ............................. 319 A. Ramos, A. Polls', and W.H. Dickhoff DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR MANY-BODY SYSTEMS Transition to Chaos in Asymmetric Neural Networks .......................... 333 K.E. Kiirten' Local Dynamics, Correlation, and Phase Transitions - N-Body versus Non- linear Quantum Optics ................................................• 339 R.G. Brown' and M. Ciftan Solitons in Nuclear Physics - A Review ....................................... 365 E.F. Hefter' Probabilistic Neural Networks: In or Out of Equilibrium? ..................... 381 J.W. Clark' Contributors and Participants ................................................... 393 Subject Index ................................................................. 397 xi
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