Condensed Matter Physics

388 Pages·2007·37.07 MB·English

by  Akira Isihara

)
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Condensed
Matter Physics
A dimple electron lattice on liquid 4He [courtesy of P. Leiderer]. This photograph shows
the surface deformation about 6s after an electric field was increased above a critical field.
The temperature is 3.5K.
Condensed
Matter Physics
ISIHARA
A.
Dover Publications, Inc.
New
Mineola, York
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by A. Isihara
All rights reserved.
BibliographicalNote
This Doveredition, first published in 2007, is an unabridged republication of
theworkoriginallypublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,NewYorkandOxford,
in 1991.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Isihara, A. (Akira)
Condensed matterphysics/A. Isihara.
p. cm.
Originally published: New York Oxford University Press, 1991.
:
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-486-45877-9
ISBN-10: 0-486-45877-6
1. Condensed matter. I. Title.
QC173.454.185 2007
—
530.4'1 dc22
2007003421
Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica
Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501
PREFACE
Theterm“condensedmatterphysics”hasbecomemorewidely usedinrecent
years than the traditional term “solid state physics.” This change has taken
place because quite often phenomena in apparently different condensed
systems stem from the same physics, and many solid state phenomena can
be studied most effectively in relation to phenomena in some other form of
condensed matter. The universality of scaling laws at critical temperatures
is a typical example.
In spite of this trend, there is virtually no book on condensed matter
physics that can be used both as an introduction to research and also as a
graduate text. Consequently, it is often difficult to get an overview on
condensed matter physics from very many, often voluminous, specialized
books. The rapid progress and new discoveries in this field enhance this
difficulty. The present book has been written for this reason.
It is not an easy task to cover numerous systems and subjects in
condensed matter in a handy volume. In fact, this author’s main effort was
in “condensing” widely spread systems and subjects in this tremendously
rich and rapidly growing field.
A dozen subjects are presented in this book in separate chapters. Each
chapter is designed to be directly accessible to the reader without going
through the previous chapters. The emphasis is not on detailed theoretical
derivations and techniques but rather a quick approach to a variety of
systems and phenomena. The relatively small size ofthis book will hopefully
enable the readerto get ageneral appreciation ofthe vast areas ofcondensed
matter physics.
The author is grateful to the colleagues and organizations who gave
permission to reproduce figures. The latter include the American Physical
Society, the Royal Society of London, the Physical Society of Japan, the
Japan Society ofApplied Physics, Les Editions de Physique, IOP Publishing
Ltd., the National Institute of Standards and Technology, International
Business Machines Corporation, North-Holland Publishing Company,
Plenum Publishing Company, Pergamon Press, Inc., and Springer-Verlag.
He is especially indebted to Jeffrey Robbins, Harold Underwood, Atsusi and
Hikaru for valuable suggestions and correcting oferrors.
Buffalo, New York A. I.
January, 1991