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Concrete Formwork Systems (Civil and Environmental Engineering) (Civil and Environmental Engineering Series, Vol. 2) PDF

318 Pages·1998·1.16 MB·English
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Concrete Formwork Svstems - I - Awad S. Hanna University of Wisconsin-Ma dis on Madison, Wisconsin Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. - MARCEDL EKKERIN. C NEWY ORK BASEL DEKKER Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Hanna, Awad S. Concrete formworksystems /byAwad S. Hanna. p. cm.—(Civiland environmentalengineering series:vol.2) Includes index. ISBN 0-8247-0072-4(alk. paper) 1. Concreteconstruction—Formwork. I.Title. II. Series. TA382.44.H36 1998 624.1′834—dc21 98-37262 CIP This bookisprintedonacid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker,Inc. 270 MadisonAvenue,NewYork, NY10016 tel: 212-696-9000;fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern HemisphereDistribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse4, Postfach812, CH-4001Basel,Switzerland tel: 44-61-261-8482;fax: 44-61-261-8896 WorldWide Web http://www.dekker.com Thepublisheroffersdiscountsonthisbookwhenorderedinbulkquantities.For moreinformation,writetoSpecialSales/ProfessionalMarketingattheheadquar- tersaddress above. Copyright 1999 byMarcel Dekker, Inc.AllRights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form orbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilming, andrecording,or byanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutper- mission inwriting fromthepublisher. Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED IN THEUNITED STATESOFAMERICA Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Civil and Environmental Engineering ASeriesofReferenceBooksandTextbooks Editor Michael D. Meyer Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology Atlanta,Georgia 1. PreliminaryDesignofBridgesforArchitectsandEngineers MicheleMelaragno 2. ConcreteFormworkSystems AwadS.Hanna 3. MultilayeredAquiferSystems:FundamentalsandApplications AlexanderH.-D.Cheng 4. Matrix Analysis of Structural Dynamics: Applications and EarthquakeEngineering FranklinY.Cheng 5. Hazardous Gases Underground: Applications to Tunnel Engineering BarryR.Doyle 6. Cold-FormedSteelStructurestotheAISISpecification GregoryJ.Hancock,ThomasM.Murray,DuaneS.Ellifritt 7. Fundamentals of Infrastructure Engineering: Civil Engineering Systems:SecondEdition,RevisedandExpanded PatrickH.McDonald 8. HandbookofPollutionControlandWasteMinimization editedbyAbbasGhassemi 9. Introduction to Approximate Solution Techniques, Numerical Modeling,andFiniteElementMethods VictorN.Kaliakin 10. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of Soil MechanicsandFoundationEngineering V.N.S.Murthy AdditionalVolumesinProduction ChemicalGroutingandSoilStabilization:ThirdEdition,Revised andExpanded ReubenH.Karol EstimatingBuildingCosts CalinM.Popescu,KanPhaobunjong,NuntapongOvararin Preface Formworkdevelopmenthas paralleledthegrowthof concreteconstruc- tion throughout the 20th century. In the last several decades formwork technologyhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinreducingoverallcosts, sincethestructuralframeconstitutesalargeportionofthecostofaform- work system. This book has three objectives. The first is to provide technical descriptionsandevaluationsoftenformworksystems thatarecurrently used in concrete construction. The second is to serve as a tool to assist contractors in selecting the optimal formwork system. The third is to presentthedesigncriteriaforconventionalformworkforslabsandwalls using the stress and the stressmodification factors provided by the Na- tional Design Specifications (NDS) and the American Plywood Associa- tion (APA). Followingacomprehensiveintroductorychapter,fivetypesofform- work systems for concrete slabs are presented in chapters 2–5. These areconventionalwoodforms,conventionalmetalforms,flyingforms,the column-mounted shoring system, and tunnel forms. The last four chap- iv Preface ters describe five types of formwork systems for concrete columns and walls: conventional wood forms, ganged forms, jump forms, slip forms, andself-raisingforms.Particularconsiderationisgiventotopicssuchas system components, typical work cycles, productivity, and the advan- tages and disadvantages associated with the use of various systems. The selectionof aformworksystem is acritical decisionwith very seriousimplications.Dueconsiderationmustbegiventosuchfactorsas thesystem’sproductivity,safety,durability,andmanyothervariablesthat may be specific to the site or job at hand. Chapters 5 and 9 provide a comparativeanalysis offorming systems for horizontaland verticalcon- crete work to facilitate the selection of the optimal forming system. Existingformworkdesignliteratureisinconsistentwiththedesign criteria for wood provided by the NDS and the APA. Chapters 3 and 7 provide asystematicapproachforformwork design usingthecriteria of the American Concrete Institute committee 347-94, the NDS, and the APA.Forinternationalreaders,metric conversionisprovidedintheAp- pendix. This book is directed mainly toward construction management, construction engineering and management students, and concrete con- tractors. It mayalso serveasausefultext foragraduate courseoncon- creteformwork,andshouldbeusefulforpracticingengineers,architects, and researchers. Awad S. Hanna Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Concrete Formwork: An Introduction 1.1 Concrete Construction 1.2 Concrete Formwork 1.3 Formwork Economy and Significance 1.4 An Integrated Concrete/Formwork Life Cycle 1.5 Formwork Materials 2 Horizontal Formwork Systems: Hand-Set Systems 2.1 Horizontal Formwork Systems Classification 2.2 Conventional Wood Formwork System 2.3 Conventional Metal Systems 2.4 Special Horizontal Formwork System 3 Slab Form Design 3.1 Properties of Form Materials vi Contents 3.2 Properties of Area 3.3 Properties of Sawn Lumber 3.4 Properties of Plywood 3.5 Slab Form Design 3.6 Design Steps 4 Horizontal Formwork Systems: Crane-Set Systems 4.1 Flying Formwork System 4.2 Column-Mounted Shoring Systems 4.3 Tunnel Formwork System 5 Selection Criteria for Horizontal Formwork System 5.1 Factors Affecting Horizontal Formwork Selection 5.2 Choosing the Proper Formwork System Using Tables 6 Vertical Formwork Systems: Crane-Dependent Systems 6.1 An Introduction to Vertical Formwork Systems 6.2 Conventional Wall/Columns Forming Systems 6.3 Ganged Forming Systems 6.4 Jump Forms 7 Wall Form Design 7.1 Wall Form Components 7.2 Design Loads 7.3 Method of Analysis 7.4 Stresses Calculations 7.5 Determination of Maximum Allowable Span 7.6 Design of Lateral Bracing 8 Vertical Formwork Systems: Crane-Independent Systems 8.1 Slipforms 8.2 Self-Raising Formwork System Contents vii 9 Selection Criteria for Vertical Formwork System 9.1 Factors Affecting the Selection of Vertical Formwork System 9.2 Choosing the Proper Formwork System Using the Comparison Tables References Appendix Acknowledgments Igratefullyacknowledgeanumberofindividualswhowereinstrumental insomewayinthecompletionofthisbook.Ibeginwithmyfriendsand colleaguesattheUniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Thesupportanden- couragementofprofessorsJohnBollinger,AlWortley,JeffRussell,Dick Straub,andGaryBubenzerwillalwaysberemembered.Iwouldlikealso tothankmystudentsforinspiringmetofurtherexplorethefieldofcon- crete formwork. Thanks also go to my student Alan Lau, who assisted in preparing the graphics. Special thanks go to the many contractors who provided me with dataandgraphics.Iwouldliketospecificallythanktheeditorialteamof Marcel Dekker, Inc. for their strong support. IwouldliketoconveymywarmestthankstomylovingwifePaula and our son Rewais. It is impossible to describe how supportive Paula has been throughout the writing of this book. As I spent hundreds of longhoursatmycomputerpreparingthismanuscript,hernever-ending loveandsupportinspiredmetokeeppushingon.Mostimportantly,she

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