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Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Columns This page intentionally left blank Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Columns Behavior and Design Mostafa Fahmi Hassanein ProfessorofSteelStructures,DepartmentofStructural Engineering,TantaUniversity,Tanta,Gharbia,Egypt Mohamed Elchalakani DepartmentofCivilEngineering,FacultyofEngineering andMathematicalSciences,UniversityofWesternAustralia, Perth,Australia Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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ISBN:978-0-443-15228-3 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:MatthewDeans AcquisitionsEditor:GlynJones EditorialProjectManager:JohnLeonard ProductionProjectManager:PremKumarKaliamoorthi CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Contents About the authors vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Objectives 1 1.3 Book organization 2 2 Development ofCFDST columns 3 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Advantages of CFDST columns 5 2.3 Erectionof CFDST columns 7 2.4 Types ofCFDST columns 8 2.5 Experimental studies 9 2.6 Finite elementstudies 11 2.7 Structuralbehavior 11 2.8 Failure modesof CFDST columns 24 2.9 The mechanism ofthe innertube of CFDST columns 26 2.10 Formulasfor compressivestrength 26 2.11 Conclusions 40 References 42 3 CFDST short columns formed from carbon steels 45 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Circular-circular CFDST columns 48 3.3 Circular-squareCFDST columns 64 3.4 Square-square CFDSTcolumns 77 3.5 Square-circular CFDST columns 96 3.6 New confining stress-based design for circular-circular CFDST columns 109 3.7 Conclusions 130 Appendix 132 References 133 Further reading 138 vi Contents 4 CFDSTshortcolumnsformedfromstainlesssteeloutertubes 139 4.1 Introduction 139 4.2 Finite element models 142 4.3 Comparisons with the experimental results 150 4.4 CFSST columns 159 4.5 CFDST columns 167 4.6 CFDT columns 186 4.7 Summary andconclusions 198 References 200 5 CFDST slendercolumns formed from stainless steel outer tubes 203 5.1 Introduction 203 5.2 Nonlinear finite element analysis 207 5.3 Validationof the FE model 213 5.4 CFSST columns 218 5.5 CFDST columns 230 5.6 CFDT columns 249 5.7 Conclusions 265 References 266 6 Rubberized CFDST short columns 271 6.1 Introduction 273 6.2 Square RuCFDST short columns 275 6.3 CircularRuCFDST short columns 296 6.4 New confining stress-based design 312 6.5 Conclusions 332 AppendixI:ProgressiveaxialloadingofspecimenSHS-O2I2-30 333 References 336 7 Future research 341 7.1 Recommendations 341 7.2 Trends for future relevantworks 341 Index 343 About the authors MostafaFahmiHassanein,ProfessorofSteelStructures,Department ofStructural Engineering, Tanta University,Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt Dr.MostafaFahmiHassaneincompletedhisPhDatTantaUniversity,Egypt.During hisstudyforthis,heparticipatedinadoctoralsteelcourseatLuleaUniversityofTech- nology, Sweden. He is currently Professor of Steel Structures at the Department of Structural Engineering at Tanta University. His research focuses on the analysis and design of steel and composite structures, with the aim of improving the design codes and standards that are currently used worldwide (e.g., EC3, EC4, AISC, and AS 4100), to design more effective structures with minimized initial material costs andlife-cyclecosts.Hehaspublishedmorethan95papersininternationaljournals. Hisresearchworksshowhisabilitytocollaboratewithresearchersfromdifferentdis- ciplinesandcountries.Hehasservedasareviewerforvarioushighlyregardedinter- national journals and conferences. In 2012 he attended the 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference (ESMC) in Graz, Austria as an Invited Speaker. In 2015, theAcademyofScientificResearchandTechnologyinEgyptawardedhimtheState’s IncentiveAwardintheEngineeringSciences,andin2017,hereceivedtheFirstClass Excellence Medal from the Egyptian President. Dr. Hassanein is also a Consultant EngineerinthefieldofdesignofsteelstructuresinEgypt.Heservesasaneditorial boardmemberforThin-WalledStructures(ISSNNo.0263-8231,Elsevier).Basedon his achievements, his biography has been accepted into Who’s Who in the World, which is comprised of the top 3% of the professionals in Egypt. He also worked as a Professor at Southwest Petroleum University in Chengdu, China between July 2019 and June 2020. More recently, he was named in Stanford University’s list of the world’stop 2%of scientists, in2020, 2021, and 2022. Mohamed Elchalakani, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University ofWestern Australia, Perth, Australia Dr.MohamedElchalakaniisanAssociateProfessorandtheDirectoroftheStructural LaboratoryattheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Heistheauthoroftwoimportant booksSingleSkinandDoubleSkinConcreteFilledTubularStructures—Analysisand Design and Geopolymer Concrete Structures with Steel and FRP Reinforcements— Analysis and Design, both published by Elsevier. He is a committee member of AustralianStandardBD-023:StructuralSteel.HeisincludedinStanfordUniversity’s current list of the top 2% of scientists in the world, where he is ranked in the top 0.7% among academics in civil engineering worldwide. His ResearchGate score is viii Abouttheauthors 40.1,whichisinthetop97.5%ofitsusersworldwide.Heholdsafewpatentsonbuild- ingintegratedenergystoringsystems.HeservesontheeditorialboardoftheJournal of Structural Engineering, published by the American Society of Civil Engineers, ScientificReports,publishedbyNature,theAustralianJournalofCivilEngineering, and Structures, a journal published by Elsevier. Dr. Elchalakani’s current Google Scholar citations are in excess of 5000 with an h-index of 40 where he authored or coauthoredmorethan250technicalpapers.HeisaCharteredProfessionalEngineer inAustralia(CPEng)andaRegistered BuildingPractitioner (RBP), andisalso reg- istered as a National Professional Engineer (NPE) in Australia, Asia, and Egypt. Dr.Elchalakanihasreceivedseveralawards,includingtheHolmanMedalforthemost outstandingPhDthesisandtheHuntAwardforExcellenceinResearchinEngineer- ing. He also received the prestigious Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Fellowship.Histotalresearchfundstodayareinexcessof$1.5millionfromcompet- itive grants, consulting, andindustry-funded projects. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Amany Refat Elsisy, Heba and Abdelrahman M.F. Hassanein, who helped to prepare and review the manuscript for this book. They would also like to thank Laila, Aya, Yaseen, and Farouk Elchalakani for reviewing all ofthe chapters. Theauthorsaregratefulfortheadviceoncompositestructuresreceivedfromemi- nent researchers in civil engineering from different parts of the world including the following:Prof.NunoSilvestrefromUniversidadedeLisboa,Portugal;Prof.Leroy Gardner from Imperial College London, UK; Prof. Omnia Kharoob from Tanta University, Egypt; Associate Prof. Qing Liang of Victoria University, Australia; Dr.VipulkumarPatelofLaTropeUniversity,Australia;Prof.SherifEl-Tawilfrom MichiganUniversity,USA;Prof.AlaaMorsyfromArabAcademyforScience,Tech- nology,&MaritimeTransport,Egypt;Prof.MetwaliAbuHamadfromCairoUniver- sity,Egypt;Prof.SherifSafarandProf.Ezz-EldinSayedAhmedfromtheAmerican UniversityinCairo,Egypt;Prof.Xiao-LingZhaofromtheUniversityofNewSouth Wales (UNSW)/Monash University, Australia; Prof. Gangadhara Prusty and Prof. Serkan Saydam from UNSW, Australia; Prof. Nie Shidong, Dr. Shagea Alqawzai, Prof. Kang Chen, Prof. Le Shen, and Dr. Miao Ding from Chongqing University, China; Associate Prof. Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong and Dr. Sabrina Fawzia from QueenslandUniversityofTechnology(QUT),Australia;AssociateProf.ZainahBinti Ibrahim from the University of Malaya, Malaysia; Prof. Allan Manalo from the UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Australia; Prof.HuaYang,Prof.Lanhui Guo,andProf.WeiZhoufromtheHarbinInstituteofTechnology,China;Associate Prof.MuhamadHadifromWollongongUniversity,Australia;Dr.MohamedAlifrom theUniversityofAdelaide,Australia;Prof.EmadGad,Prof.RiadhAl-Mahaidi,and Prof.JaySanjayanfromSwinburneUniversityofTechnology,Australia;Prof.Yong- Bo Shao from Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan, China; Prof. Dilum Fernando and Dr. Chris Becket from the University of Edinburgh, UK; Prof. Hong Hao,Dr.ThongPham,andDr.WensuChenfromCurtinUniversity,Australia;Prof. JingsiHufromHunanUniversity,China;Prof.BrianUyandDr.MichaelBambach from the University of Sydney, Australia; Dr. Afaq Ahmed from the University of EngineeringandTechnology,Taxila,Pakistan;Prof.SherifYehiafromtheAmerican University in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; and finally Prof. Ali Karrech and Dr. Minhao Dong from the University of Western Australia, Australia, and Prof. Tianyu Xiefrom the South China University ofTechnology,China. Finally,wewishtothankourfamiliesfortheirsupportandunderstandingduring the many years that we have been undertaking research on composite structures at Tanta University and the University of Western Australia during the preparation of this book.