Conceptual and Numerical Analysis of Data: Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e. V., University of Augsburg, April 10–12, 1989

549 Pages·1989·12.932 MB·English

by  Ingo Balderjahn (auth.), Prof. Dr. Otto Optiz (eds.)

Otto Opitz (Editor)
In Cooperation with the Chairmen
W Gaul, University of Karlsruhe
H. Schneiling, University of Konstanz
P. O. Degens, University of Dortmund
Conceptual and
Numerical Analysis
of Data
Proceedings of the 13 th Conference of the
Gesellschaft fUr Klassifikation e. V
University of Augsburg, April 10-12, 1989
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Prof Dr. Otto Opitz
Lehrstuhl fUr
Mathematische Methoden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Universitat Augsburg, Memminger StraBe 14
0-8900 Augsburg, FRG
With 72 Figures
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-51641-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-75040-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-75040-3
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1989
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2142/7130-543210
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank the following institutions and companies for their finan
cial and technical support:
Universitat Augsburg
Stadt Augsburg
Industrie- und Handelskammer fUr Augsburg und Schwaben
Gesellschaft fiir Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH -
Projekttrager Fachinformation
European Research Office, U.S. Army Research
Bayerische Landesbank, Miinchen
BAYWA AG, Miillchen
BMW AG, Miinchen
Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart
Henkel KGaA, Diisseldorf
IBM Deutschland GmbH, Stuttgart
Vereinte Krankenversicherung AG, Miinchen
Vereinte Lebensversicherung AG, Miinchen
VW Stifterverband,Wolfsburg
Augsburger Aktienbank AG
Bayer. Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank AG, Augsburg
Bayerische Vereinsbank, Augsburg
BOWE GmbH, Augsburg
Digital Equipment International GmbH, Kaufbeuren
Goetze Friedberg GmbH
Grob-Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Mindelheim
Hoechst AG, Werk Bobingen
Kernkraftwerke Gundremmingen Betriebsgesellschaft mbH
VI
Kreissparkasse Augsburg
Grundstiicksgesellschaft Kroll & Nill, Augsburg
Lech-Elektrizitatswerke AG, Augsburg
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, Augsburg
NCR GmbH, Augsburg
Raiffeisenbank Augsburg eG
Renk AG, Augsburg
Siemens AG, Augsburg
Stadtsparkasse Augsburg
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE
SECTION 1: Data Analysis and Classification:
Basic Concepts and Methods
Chairman: W. Gaul, Universitat Karlsruhe
in cooperation with
H.H. Bock, RWTH Aachen
E. Diday, INRIA, Le Chesnay Cedex/France
L. Fahrmeir, Universitat Regensburg
G. Herden, Universitat-Gesamthochschule Essen
R. Mathar, Universitat Augsburg
SECTION 2: Applications in Library Sciences,
Documentation and Information Sciences
Chairman: H. Schne1ling, Universitat Konstanz
in cooperation with
I. Dahlberg, INDEKS-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main
R. Fugmann, Idstein
H. Leclercq, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Belgien
U. Schulz, Universitatsbibliothek Oldenburg
VIII
SECTION 3: Applications in Economics
and Social Sciences
o.
Chairman: Opitz, Universitat Augsburg
in cooperation with
K. Ambrosi, Universitat Hildesheim
Th. Bausch, Universitat Augsburg
J. Krauth, Universitat Dusseldorf
G. Ronning, Universitat Konstanz
M. Schader, Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg
H.-J. Schek, ETH Ziirich/Schweiz
SECTION 4: Applications in Natural Sciences
and Computer Sciences
Chairman: P.O. Degens, Universitat Dortmund
in cooperation with
W. Erdelen, Universitat des Saarlandes
W. Ludwig, Technische Universitat Miinchen
J. W. Munch, Universitat-Gesamthochschule Siegen
PREFACE
The 13th conference of the Gesellschaft fUr Klassifikation e.V. took
place at the Universitat Augsburg from April 10 to 12, 1989, with
the' local organization by the Lehrstuhl fUr Mathematische Me
thoden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften. The wide ranged subject
of the conference
Conceptual and Numerical Analysis of Data
was obliged to indicate the variety of the concepts of data and
information as well as the manifold methods of analysing and
structuring. Based on the received announcements of papers four
sections have been arranged:
1. Data Analysis and Classification:
Basic Concepts and Methods
2. Applications in Library Sciences, Documentation
and Information Sciences
3. Applications in Economics and Social Sciences
4. Applications in Natural Sciences and Computer Sciences
This classification doesn't separate strictly, but it shows that theo
retic and applying researchers of most different disciplines were
disposed to present a paper. In 60 survey and special lectures the
speakers reported on developments in theory and applications en
couraging the interdisciplinary dialogue of all participants. This
volume contains 42 selected papers grouped according to the four
sections. Now we give a short insight into the presented papers.
x
Several problems of concept analysis, cluster analysis, data
analysis and multivariate statistics are considered in 18 pa
pers of section 1.
The geometric representation of a concept lattice is a collection of
figures in the plane corresponding to the given concepts in such
a way that the subconcept-superconcept-relation corresponds to
the containment relation between the figures. R. Wille discusses
in which situations geometric representations are useful or even
more appropriate than line diagrams which have been proven to be
an universal and successful tool for representing concept lattices.
W. Kollewe shows by means of a survey among nine managers
how methods of concept analysis can be applied to the evaluation
of the results. The original data should be represented without
loss of information. Therefore special attention is focussed on
conceptual scaling.
Cluster analysis provides a large number of mathematical and
statistical methods for subdividing a given set of objects into a
suitable number of homogeneous classes. H.H. Bock reviews
and presents in a survey paper a series of probabilistic models
and approaches used in cluster analysis for specifying the classi
fication structures, for deriving clustering criteria and strategies,
for constructing and optimizing clustering algorithms, for testing
the existence of a clustering structure in the data, for checking
the relevance of calculated classifications and for other aspects.
On the other hand he reflects on some applications for solving
internal problems in probability theory and statistics.
A modification of the Rand index for comparing partitions is given
by J. Krauth. He describes how the Hubert/Arabie modification
can be altered in analogy to a modification of the kappa coefficient
performed earlier by the author and how the modification can be
applied to the extension of the Hubert/Arabie correction to non
disjoint partitions.
XI
The problem of overlapping clustering is how to limit the resulting
o.
overlappings. Opitz and R. Wiedemann develop a new
agglomerative algorithm restricting the number of classes in such
a way, that maximal cliques of smaller size and therefore smaller
single linkage homogeneity are avoided. Further they give some
views on the best and the worst case run of their algorithm.
The following papers are concerned with hierarchical clustering
and graphtheoretical methods in cluster analysis. K. Wolf and
P.O. Degens present some suggestions for analysing methods
which construct additive trees and they show that existing me
thods differ significantly in terms of the given suggestions and
the quality of the results achieved. W. Vach specializes in the
problem of least squares approximation of additive trees with
fixed tree structure and sketches implications for the approxima
tion problem with unknown tree structure. M. Tittel and P.O.
Degens use isotonic regression to construct a monotoneously in
dexed hierarchy such that the associated ultrametric approxima
tes the given distance matrix. They distinguish between the large
average linkage problem (no knowledge about the hierarchy struc
ture) and the small average linkage problem (fixed hierarchy).
G. Herden tackles the problem that every goodness of fit cri
terion should be compatible with transformations or homomor
phisms applied to represent the quality of qualitative data. He dis
cusses conditions and consequences for the situation, when there
exists exactly one uniquely determined criterion for heterogeneity
functions based upon dissimilarity coefficients.
The aim of the survey paper of E. Diday and M.P. Brito is to
introduce symbolic cluster analysis and to show that the symbolic
approach extends cluster analysis to more complex data which
may be closer to the multidimensional reality. They define order,
union and intersection between symbolic objects and show that
these bbjects are organized according to an inheritance lattice.
Further the authors study several kinds of qualities of symbolic
objects, of classes and classifications of symbolic objects.