Concepts and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

457 Pages·2009·12.8 MB·English

Concepts and Applications
in
Agricultural Engineering
Nikunja Bihari Dash
Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
International Book Distributing Co.
Concepts and Applications
•
In
Agricultural Engineering
Nikunja Bihari Dash
B.Tech. (CAET, ~UAT, Bhubaneswar)
M.Tech. (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur)
Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
B.Tech. (OUAT), M.Tech. (lIT, Kharagpur, PhD (lIT, Delhi)
Asst. Prof., Deparbnent of Farm Machinery and Power,
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, QUAT
International Book Distributing Co.
(Publishing Division)
Published by
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First Edition 2007
isBN 978-81-8189-139-6
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To
the students of
Agricultural Engineering
-N.B.Dash
-M.K Mohanty
Preface
In the branch of Agricultural Engineering, there is a need for a
book exclusively dealing with various concepts and their applications
in a crystal clear manner. So, an effort has been made to prepare this
book entitled Concepts and Applications in Agricultural Engineering,
11
Volume-I" to meet the demand of students, teachers, research scholars
in Agricultural Engineering education.
The book will be useful immensely to the students preparing for
GATE examination in Agricultural Engineering to carry out their
postgraduate study at IITs and other Agricultural Engineering
Institutes. The book will also be helpful to the aspirants competing
for JRF, ARS, SRF and IFS examinations in the branch of Agricultural
Engineering and also serve the purpose of reference book.
The book broadly consists of two parts -concepts and applications.
In the first part of concepts, the chapters of three major disciplines of
Agricultural Engineering having critical and confusing concepts are
analyzed innovatively. In the second part of application, it has been
tried to present the solution of 17 years of GATE questions in
Agricultural Engineering. This application part will also fulfill one of
the perpetual needs of the student community to have a book
extensively dealing with solved examples in Agricultural Engineering.
In this section, readers will find applications of various concepts,
discussed in this book and use of many other new concepts to solve
numerous problems.
No attempt has been made to make this volume bulky; rather
the portion of the book dealing with conceptual analysis includes
only those concepts, which are confusing and difficult to understand.
It is expected that the theoretical analysis of this book will sharpen
the ingenious power of the readers and help them to solve problems
quickly. Moreover, many problems are solved in different ways, which
will help the readers in understanding and applying the concepts
properly. Overall, this book is designed not only to make the readers
able to grasp the concepts easily but also to solve the problems quickly
and effectively.
Attractions
• Analysis of only confusing concepts and critical theories
• Solution to 17 years of GATE questions
• Innovative analysis and unique style of representation
Although utmost care has been taken to make the present volume
free of error, still there may be some kind of errors in this book.
Therefore, we will sincerely acknowledge if the readers will send
suggestions to improve this first volume. Finally, we envisage this
attempt as an important step in removing hurdles in the path of
popularization of Agricultural Engineering. We hope that it will fire
imaginations and ability of many Agricultural Engineers in the
profession to produce such innovative works in future.
19th April, 2006 Mr. Nikunja Bihari Dash
Dr. Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
Acknowledgement
We are thankful to Prof. D. K Das, Prof. s. C Pradhan, and Dr.
N. Mohapatra of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
O. U .A.T, Bhubaneswar for their initial help and encouragement during
preparation of the manuscript for this book. We are also thankful to
Dr. S.N.Mohanty, Dean, CAE.T for his help and suggestion in timely
preparation of the manuscript.
We express our indebtedness to Prof B.C Mal, Prof. s. N. Panda,
Prof. A K'Datta and Dr. H. Raheman of Agricultural and Food
Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
for their valuable suggestions to improve the quality of the book.
Mr. Nikunja Bihari Dash is especially thankful to his seniors Subrat
Kumar Mohanty, Mrutyunjay Padhiary, Santosh K Prusty, Jatindra
Kumar Sahu and Sridhar Patra for their valuable suggestions to
improve the book. Mr. Dash is also thankful to his friends Murali
Mohan Bebbartta, Kumar Ashis, Akhyaya Kumar Tripathy,
Uddeeptabh Mishra, Sujit Kumar Mongaraj, Ajay Kumar Roul, Sitesh
kumar Parida, Jayadeep Kumar Sethy and many others for their direct
as well as indirect help and support during preparation of the
manuscript for this book. Our heartfelt appreciation is also due to
Ashok, Saswat and Manas and students of CAE.T for their help and
encouragement in editing the book.
We are also thankful to many others whose seen and unseen
contribution played a role in bringing this book to its present shape.
Finally, we are grateful to Almighty God without whose grace this
book would have been only a distant dream.
Contents
PART 1: CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 1 : Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 1
1.1 Bunding 1
1.2 Terracing 4
1.3 Water Requirement of Crops 6
1.4 Rainfall and Infiltration Analysis 9
1.5 Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics 11
1.6 Groundwater Hydrology 16
1.7 Flow Through Pipe 18
1.8 Flow in Open Channel 24
CHAPTER 2: Farm machinery and Power 29
2.1 Field Capacity and Force Analysis 29
2.2 Sowing and Planting 32
2.3 Sprayer and Chaff Cutter 36
2.4 Fuel and Combustion 39
2.5 Traction Analysis 42
2.6 Mechanics of Tractor Chassis 46
2.7 Power Transmission in Tractors 51
2.8 Pumps and Motors 55
CHAPTER 3: Food Processing Engineering 57
3.1 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 57
3.2 Drying of Grain 61
3.3 Psychrometry 66
3.4 Analysis of Boiling 69
3.5 Milling 74
3.6 Evaporator 77
3.7 Water Activity 80
PART 2: APPLICATIONS
(Solution of GATE Question Papers 1988-2005 )
CHAPTER 4 : Long Type Solution (1988-2002) 85
CHAPTER 5 : Objective Type Solution (1988-2002) 253
CHAPTER 6 : Short Type Solution (2003-2005) 367
Index 447
PART 1
CONCEPTS
1
Chapter
Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering
1.1 Bunding
Broadly, the bunds can be categorised in 2 types (1) contour bund (2)
graded bund. When the bunds are constructed along (on) the contour,
they are known as counter bunds and when a grade (slope) is provided to
the bunds in addition to their natural land slope they are known as
graded bunds.
Contour bund design
VI
-----fIr-·-·--
Fig.l.l Contour bund
R.,= [A]x~ =[HlxLB]x~ (1.1.1)
L.
Sy~[A.l ~ [~ l~°>]xL.
x (Z + (1.1.2)
Re =R., -S., (1.1.3)