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Concepts and Applications in Agricultural Engineering PDF

457 Pages·2009·12.8 MB·English
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Concepts and Applications in Agricultural Engineering Nikunja Bihari Dash Mahendra Kumar Mohanty International Book Distributing Co. Concepts and Applications • In Agricultural Engineering Nikunja Bihari Dash B.Tech. (CAET, ~UAT, Bhubaneswar) M.Tech. (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) Mahendra Kumar Mohanty B.Tech. (OUAT), M.Tech. (lIT, Kharagpur, PhD (lIT, Delhi) Asst. Prof., Deparbnent of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, QUAT International Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division) Published by INTERNATIONAL BOOKDISfRIBUTINGCO. (Publishing Division) Khushnuma Complex Basement 7, Meerabai Marg (Behind Jawahar Bhawan) Lucknow 226 001 U.P. (INDIA) Tel.: 91-522-2209542,2209543,2209544,2209545 Fax: 0522-4045308 E-Mail: [email protected] First Edition 2007 isBN 978-81-8189-139-6 ©Publisher All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,~ thout the prior written permission of the publisher. Composed & Designed at: Panacea Computers 3rd Floor, Agrawal Sabha Bhawan Subhash Mohal, Sadar Cantt. Lucknow-226 002 Phone : 3127082, 2480875 E-mail: [email protected] Printed at: Salasar Imaging Systems C-7/5, Lawrence Road Industrial Area Delhi -110 035 Tel. : 011-27185653,9810064311 To the students of Agricultural Engineering -N.B.Dash -M.K Mohanty Preface In the branch of Agricultural Engineering, there is a need for a book exclusively dealing with various concepts and their applications in a crystal clear manner. So, an effort has been made to prepare this book entitled Concepts and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 11 Volume-I" to meet the demand of students, teachers, research scholars in Agricultural Engineering education. The book will be useful immensely to the students preparing for GATE examination in Agricultural Engineering to carry out their postgraduate study at IITs and other Agricultural Engineering Institutes. The book will also be helpful to the aspirants competing for JRF, ARS, SRF and IFS examinations in the branch of Agricultural Engineering and also serve the purpose of reference book. The book broadly consists of two parts -concepts and applications. In the first part of concepts, the chapters of three major disciplines of Agricultural Engineering having critical and confusing concepts are analyzed innovatively. In the second part of application, it has been tried to present the solution of 17 years of GATE questions in Agricultural Engineering. This application part will also fulfill one of the perpetual needs of the student community to have a book extensively dealing with solved examples in Agricultural Engineering. In this section, readers will find applications of various concepts, discussed in this book and use of many other new concepts to solve numerous problems. No attempt has been made to make this volume bulky; rather the portion of the book dealing with conceptual analysis includes only those concepts, which are confusing and difficult to understand. It is expected that the theoretical analysis of this book will sharpen the ingenious power of the readers and help them to solve problems quickly. Moreover, many problems are solved in different ways, which will help the readers in understanding and applying the concepts properly. Overall, this book is designed not only to make the readers able to grasp the concepts easily but also to solve the problems quickly and effectively. Attractions • Analysis of only confusing concepts and critical theories • Solution to 17 years of GATE questions • Innovative analysis and unique style of representation Although utmost care has been taken to make the present volume free of error, still there may be some kind of errors in this book. Therefore, we will sincerely acknowledge if the readers will send suggestions to improve this first volume. Finally, we envisage this attempt as an important step in removing hurdles in the path of popularization of Agricultural Engineering. We hope that it will fire imaginations and ability of many Agricultural Engineers in the profession to produce such innovative works in future. 19th April, 2006 Mr. Nikunja Bihari Dash Dr. Mahendra Kumar Mohanty Acknowledgement We are thankful to Prof. D. K Das, Prof. s. C Pradhan, and Dr. N. Mohapatra of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, O. U .A.T, Bhubaneswar for their initial help and encouragement during preparation of the manuscript for this book. We are also thankful to Dr. S.N.Mohanty, Dean, CAE.T for his help and suggestion in timely preparation of the manuscript. We express our indebtedness to Prof B.C Mal, Prof. s. N. Panda, Prof. A K'Datta and Dr. H. Raheman of Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur for their valuable suggestions to improve the quality of the book. Mr. Nikunja Bihari Dash is especially thankful to his seniors Subrat Kumar Mohanty, Mrutyunjay Padhiary, Santosh K Prusty, Jatindra Kumar Sahu and Sridhar Patra for their valuable suggestions to improve the book. Mr. Dash is also thankful to his friends Murali Mohan Bebbartta, Kumar Ashis, Akhyaya Kumar Tripathy, Uddeeptabh Mishra, Sujit Kumar Mongaraj, Ajay Kumar Roul, Sitesh kumar Parida, Jayadeep Kumar Sethy and many others for their direct as well as indirect help and support during preparation of the manuscript for this book. Our heartfelt appreciation is also due to Ashok, Saswat and Manas and students of CAE.T for their help and encouragement in editing the book. We are also thankful to many others whose seen and unseen contribution played a role in bringing this book to its present shape. Finally, we are grateful to Almighty God without whose grace this book would have been only a distant dream. Contents PART 1: CONCEPTS CHAPTER 1 : Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 1 1.1 Bunding 1 1.2 Terracing 4 1.3 Water Requirement of Crops 6 1.4 Rainfall and Infiltration Analysis 9 1.5 Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics 11 1.6 Groundwater Hydrology 16 1.7 Flow Through Pipe 18 1.8 Flow in Open Channel 24 CHAPTER 2: Farm machinery and Power 29 2.1 Field Capacity and Force Analysis 29 2.2 Sowing and Planting 32 2.3 Sprayer and Chaff Cutter 36 2.4 Fuel and Combustion 39 2.5 Traction Analysis 42 2.6 Mechanics of Tractor Chassis 46 2.7 Power Transmission in Tractors 51 2.8 Pumps and Motors 55 CHAPTER 3: Food Processing Engineering 57 3.1 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 57 3.2 Drying of Grain 61 3.3 Psychrometry 66 3.4 Analysis of Boiling 69 3.5 Milling 74 3.6 Evaporator 77 3.7 Water Activity 80 PART 2: APPLICATIONS (Solution of GATE Question Papers 1988-2005 ) CHAPTER 4 : Long Type Solution (1988-2002) 85 CHAPTER 5 : Objective Type Solution (1988-2002) 253 CHAPTER 6 : Short Type Solution (2003-2005) 367 Index 447 PART 1 CONCEPTS 1 Chapter Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 1.1 Bunding Broadly, the bunds can be categorised in 2 types (1) contour bund (2) graded bund. When the bunds are constructed along (on) the contour, they are known as counter bunds and when a grade (slope) is provided to the bunds in addition to their natural land slope they are known as graded bunds. Contour bund design VI -----fIr-·-·-- Fig.l.l Contour bund R.,= [A]x~ =[HlxLB]x~ (1.1.1) L. Sy~[A.l ~ [~ l~°>]xL. x (Z + (1.1.2) Re =R., -S., (1.1.3)

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