Computer aided design and manufacturing PDF
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(cid:2) Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Wiley-ASMEPressSeries CorrosionandMaterialsinHydrocarbonProduction:ACompendiumofOperationaland EngineeringAspects BijanKermaniandDonHarrop DesignandAnalysisofCentrifugalCompressors ReneVandenBraembussche CaseStudiesinFluidMechanicswithSensitivitiestoGoverningVariables M.KemalAtesmen TheMonteCarloRay-TraceMethodinRadiationHeatTransferandAppliedOptics J.RobertMahan DynamicsofParticlesandRigidBodies:ASelf-LearningApproach MohammedF.Daqaq PrimeronEngineeringStandards,ExpandedTextbookEdition MaanH.JawadandOwenR.Greulich EngineeringOptimization:Applications,MethodsandAnalysis R.RussellRhinehart CompactHeatExchangers:Analysis,DesignandOptimizationusingFEMandCFDApproach C.RanganayakuluandKankanhalliN.Seetharamu RobustAdaptiveControlforFractional-OrderSystemswithDisturbanceandSaturation (cid:2) (cid:2) MouChen,ShuyiShao,andPengShi RobotManipulatorRedundancyResolution YunongZhangandLongJin StressinASMEPressureVessels,Boilers,andNuclearComponents MaanH.Jawad CombinedCooling,Heating,andPowerSystems:Modeling,Optimization,andOperation YangShi,MingxiLiu,andFangFang ApplicationsofMathematicalHeatTransferandFluidFlowModelsinEngineeringand Medicine AbramS.Dorfman BioprocessingPipingandEquipmentDesign:ACompanionGuidefortheASMEBPEStandard WilliamM.(Bill)Huitt NonlinearRegressionModelingforEngineeringApplications:Modeling,ModelValidation, andEnablingDesignofExperiments R.RussellRhinehart GeothermalHeatPumpandHeatEngineSystems:TheoryandPractice AndrewD.Chiasson FundamentalsofMechanicalVibrations Liang-WuCai IntroductiontoDynamicsandControlinMechanicalEngineeringSystems ChoW.S.To (cid:2) (cid:2) Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing Zhuming Bi ProfessorofMechanicalEngineering DepartmentofCivilandMechanicalEngineering PurdueUniversityFortWayne Indiana (cid:2) USA (cid:2) Xiaoqin Wang AssociateProfessorofManufacturingEngineering SchoolofMechanicalEngineering NanjingUniversityofScienceandTechnology Nanjing China ThisWorkisaco-publicationbetweenJohnWiley&SonsLtdandASMEPress (cid:2) (cid:2) Thiseditionfirstpublished2020 ©2020JohnWiley&SonsLtd ThisWorkisaco-publicationbetweenJohnWiley&SonsLtdandASMEPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhow toobtainpermissiontoreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofZhumingBiandXiaoqinWangtobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withlaw. RegisteredOffices JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffice TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww .wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsin standardprintversionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty MATLABⓇisatrademarkofTheMathWorks,Inc.andisusedwithpermission.TheMathWorksdoesnotwarrantthe accuracyofthetextorexercisesinthisbook.Thiswork’suseordiscussionofMATLABⓇsoftwareorrelatedproductsdoes notconstituteendorsementorsponsorshipbyTheMathWorksofaparticularpedagogicalapproachorparticularuseof theMATLABⓇsoftware. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Bi,Zhuming,author.|Wang,Xiaoqin(Writeronmanufacturing), author. Title:Computeraideddesignandmanufacturing/ZhumingBi,XiaoqinWang. Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,2020. |Series:Wiley-ASMEpressseries|Includesbibliographicalreferences andindex. Identifiers:LCCN2019047705(print)|LCCN2019047706(ebook)|ISBN 9781119534211(hardback)|ISBN9781119534235(adobepdf)|ISBN 9781119534242(epub) Subjects:LCSH:Manufactures–Computer-aideddesign. Classification:LCCTS155.6.B532020(print)|LCCTS155.6(ebook)|DDC 658/.5–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019047705 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019047706 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImage:©MontyRakusen/GettyImages Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (cid:2) (cid:2) v Contents SeriesPreface xvii Preface xix AbouttheCompanionWebsite xxi 1 ComputersinManufacturing 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 ImportanceofManufacturing 1 1.1.2 ScaleandComplexityofManufacturing 2 1.1.3 HumanRolesinManufacturing 4 (cid:2) 1.1.4 ComputersinAdvancedManufacturing 6 (cid:2) 1.2 ComputerAidedTechnologies(CATs) 7 1.3 CATsforEngineeringDesigns 10 1.3.1 EngineeringDesigninaManufacturingSystem 10 1.3.2 ImportanceofEngineeringDesign 10 1.3.3 TypesofDesignActivities 12 1.3.4 HumanVersusComputers 13 1.3.5 HumanandMachineInteractions 14 1.4 ArchitectureofComputerAidedSystems 15 1.4.1 HardwareComponents 15 1.4.2 ComputerSoftwareSystems 17 1.4.3 Servers,Networking,andCloudTechnologies 18 1.5 ComputerAidedTechnologiesinManufacturing 20 1.6 LimitationoftheExistingManufacturingEngineeringCurriculum 22 1.7 CourseFrameworkforDigitalManufacturing 24 1.8 DesignoftheCAD/CAMCourse 25 1.8.1 ExistingDesignoftheCAD/CAMCourse 26 1.8.2 CustomizationoftheCAD/CAMCourse 27 1.9 Summary 28 1.10 ReviewQuestions 29 References 30 (cid:2) (cid:2) vi Contents PartI ComputerAidedDesign(CAD) 35 2 ComputerAidedGeometricModelling 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 BasicElementsinGeometry 38 2.2.1 CoordinateSystems 39 2.2.2 ReferencePoints,Lines,andPlanes 40 2.2.3 CoordinateTransformationofPoints 43 2.2.4 CoordinateTransformationofObjects 43 2.3 RepresentationofShapes 53 2.3.1 BasicDataStructure 54 2.3.2 CurvyGeometricElements 56 2.3.3 Euler–PoincareLawforSolids 63 2.4 BasicModellingMethods 63 2.4.1 WireframeModelling 63 2.4.2 SurfaceModelling 64 2.4.3 BoundarySurfaceModelling(B-Rep) 65 2.4.4 SpaceDecomposition 67 2.4.5 SolidModelling 68 2.4.5.1 SolidPrimitives 69 2.4.5.2 CompositionOperations 70 2.4.5.3 CSGModelling 72 (cid:2) (cid:2) 2.4.5.4 ModellingProcedure 72 2.4.5.5 DataStructureofCSGModels 72 2.5 Feature-BasedModellingwithDesignIntents 74 2.6 InteractiveFeature-BasedModellingUsingCADTools 77 2.7 Summary 80 2.8 ModellingProblems 81 References 83 3 Knowledge-BasedEngineering 85 3.1 GenerativeModelinEngineeringDesign 85 3.2 Knowledge-BasedEngineering 85 3.3 ParametricModelling 87 3.3.1 DefineBasicGeometricElements 89 3.3.1.1 ParametrizedPoints 89 3.3.1.2 ParametrizedLines 91 3.3.1.3 ParametrizedSurfaces 91 3.3.1.4 ParametrizedCurves 93 3.3.1.5 ParametrizedSurfaces 94 3.3.2 TypesofParameters 95 3.3.3 GeometricConstraintsandRelations 99 3.3.3.1 DimensionalParameters 99 3.3.3.2 GeometricConstraints 100 (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents vii 3.4 DesignIntents 101 3.4.1 DefaultLocationandOrientationofaPart 101 3.4.2 FirstSketchPlane 103 3.5 DesignEquations 103 3.6 DesignTables 105 3.7 ConfigurationsasPartProperties 111 3.8 DesignTablesinAssemblyModels 114 3.9 DesignTablesinApplications 116 3.10 DesignTemplates 117 3.11 Summary 119 3.12 DesignProblems 119 References 122 4 PlatformTechnologies 125 4.1 ConcurrentEngineering(CE) 125 4.1.1 BriefHistory 125 4.1.2 NeedsofCE 125 4.1.3 ChallengesofCEPractice 128 4.1.4 ConcurrentEngineering(CE)andContinuousImprovement(CI) 128 4.2 PlatformTechnologies 130 4.3 Modularization 130 (cid:2) 4.4 ProductPlatforms 132 (cid:2) 4.5 ProductVariantsandPlatformTechnologies 135 4.6 FundamentalstoPlatformTechnologies 138 4.7 DesignProcedureofProductPlatforms 142 4.8 ModularizationofProducts 142 4.8.1 ClassificationofFunctionalRequirements(FRs) 143 4.8.2 Module-BasedProductPlatforms 143 4.8.3 Scale-BasedProductFamily 145 4.8.4 Top-DownandBottom-UpApproaches 146 4.9 PlatformLeveraginginCI 149 4.10 EvaluationofProductPlatforms 153 4.10.1 Step1.RepresentationofaModularizedPlatform 155 4.10.2 Step2.MappingaModularArchitectureforRobotConfigurations 156 4.10.3 Step3.DetermineEvaluationCriteriaofaProductPlatform 156 4.10.4 Step4.EvaluatePlatformSolutions 159 4.11 ComputerAidedTools(CAD)forPlatformTechnologies 160 4.11.1 ModellingTechniquesofProductVariants 163 4.11.2 DesignToolboxes 163 4.11.3 CustomDesignLibraries 164 4.12 Summary 165 4.13 DesignProjects 166 References 169 (cid:2) (cid:2) viii Contents 5 ComputerAidedReverseEngineering 173 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 REasDesignMethodology 175 5.3 REProcedure 178 5.4 DigitalModelling 179 5.4.1 TypesofDigitalModels 180 5.4.2 SurfaceReconstruction 181 5.4.3 AlgorithmsforSurfaceReconstruction 181 5.4.4 LimitationsofExistingAlgorithms 182 5.4.5 DataFlowinSurfaceReconstruction 183 5.4.6 SurfaceReconstructionAlgorithm 184 5.4.7 ImplementationExamples 186 5.5 HardwareSystemsforDataAcquisition 188 5.5.1 ClassificationofHardwareSystems 191 5.5.2 PositioningofDataAcquisitionDevices 197 5.5.3 ControlofScanningProcesses 199 5.5.4 AvailableHardwareSystems 200 5.6 SoftwareSystemsforDataProcessing 201 5.6.1 DataFiltering 201 5.6.2 DataRegistrationandIntegration 204 5.6.3 FeatureDetection 205 (cid:2) 5.6.4 SurfaceReconstruction 205 (cid:2) 5.6.5 SurfaceSimplification 205 5.6.6 Segmentation 206 5.6.7 AvailableSoftwareTools 206 5.7 TypicalManufacturingApplications 206 5.8 ComputerAidedReverseEngineering(CARE) 208 5.8.1 RecaptoConvertSensedDataintoPolygonalModels 209 5.8.2 ScanTo3DforGenerationofParametricModels 211 5.8.3 REofAssembledProducts 212 5.9 RE–TrendofDevelopment 213 5.10 Summary 213 5.11 DesignProject 214 References 215 6 ComputerAidedMachineDesign 219 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 GeneralFunctionalRequirements(FRs)ofMachines 222 6.3 FundamentalsofMachineDesign 223 6.3.1 LinkTypes 223 6.3.2 JointTypesandDegreesofFreedom(DoFs) 223 6.3.3 KinematicChains 225 6.3.4 MobilityofMechanicalSystems 226 6.4 KinematicSynthesis 230 6.4.1 TypeSynthesis 230 (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents ix 6.4.2 NumberSynthesis 230 6.4.3 DimensionalSynthesis 232 6.5 Kinematics 233 6.5.1 PositionsofParticles,Links,andBodiesin2Dand3DSpace 233 6.5.2 MotionsofParticles,Links,andBodies 235 6.5.3 Vector-LoopMethodforMotionAnalysisofaPlaneMechanism 240 6.5.3.1 KinematicParametersandVariables 244 6.5.3.2 InverseKinematics 245 6.5.3.3 DirectKinematics 246 6.5.4 KinematicModellingBasedonDenavit–Hartenberg(D-H)Parameters 246 6.5.5 JacobianMatrixforVelocityRelations 248 6.6 DynamicModelling 259 6.6.1 InertiaandMomentsofInertia 259 6.6.2 Newton–EulerFormulation 261 6.6.2.1 InertiaForce/Moment 263 6.6.2.2 ForceEquilibriumEquations 264 6.6.2.3 DynamicModelandSolution 265 6.6.3 LagrangianMethod 266 6.7 KinematicandDynamicsModellinginVirtualDesign 269 6.7.1 MotionSimulation 269 6.7.2 ModelPreparation 271 (cid:2) 6.7.3 CreationofaSimulationModel 271 (cid:2) 6.7.4 DefineMotionVariables 274 6.7.5 SettingSimulationParameters 275 6.7.6 RunSimulationandVisualizeMotion 275 6.7.7 AnalyseSimulationData 276 6.7.8 StructuralSimulationUsingMotionLoads 277 6.8 Summary 278 6.9 DesignProject 279 References 279 PartII ComputerAidedManufacturing(CAM) 281 7 GroupTechnologyandCellularManufacturing 283 7.1 Introduction 283 7.2 ManufacturingSystemandComponents 283 7.2.1 MachineTools 287 7.2.2 MaterialHandlingTools 289 7.2.3 Fixtures 289 7.2.4 AssemblingSystemsandOthers 290 7.3 LayoutsofManufacturingSystems 290 7.3.1 JobShops 290 7.3.2 FlowShops 291 7.3.3 ProjectShops 292 (cid:2)
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