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Computational Science PDF

266 Pages·2020·7.635 MB·English
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Computational Science Computational Science Kunwar Singh Vaisla ARCLER P r e s s www.arclerpress.com Computational Science Kunwar Singh Vaisla Arcler Press 224 Shoreacres Road Burlington, ON L7L 2H2 Canada www.arclerpress.com Email: [email protected] e-book Edition 2021 ISBN: 978-1-77407-953-9 (e-book) This book contains information obtained from highly regarded resources. Reprinted material sources are indicated and copyright remains with the original owners. Copyright for images and other graphics remains with the original owners as indicated. A Wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data. Authors or Editors or Publish- ers are not responsible for the accuracy of the information in the published chapters or conse- quences of their use. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or grievance to the persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or thoughts in the book. The authors or editors and the publisher have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission has not been obtained. If any copyright holder has not been acknowledged, please write to us so we may rectify. Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and identification without intent of infringement. © 2021 Arcler Press ISBN: 978-1-77407-749-8 (Hardcover) Arcler Press publishes wide variety of books and eBooks. For more information about Arcler Press and its products, visit our website at www.arclerpress.com ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Kunwar Singh Vaisla is Ph. D. in Computer Science from Kumaun University, Nainital, MCA from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India and B. Sc. from Raj Rishi College, Alwar, Rajasthan, India. He is currently working as Professor at Department of Computer Science and Engineering at BT Kumaon Institute of Technology, India. He is editorial board member of many reputed international journals such as IJGCA, ITIST, IJIFR, CAIJ, ICACCE, IJWSC. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ........................................................................................................xi List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................xv Preface........................................................................ ......................................xvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Computational Science ....................................................1 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................2 1.2. Basic Principles ..................................................................................3 1.3. Reasons To Study The Subject..............................................................4 1.4. Merging Insights With Statistical Tools and Computational Abilities ....5 1.5. Significance of Computational Sciences ..............................................8 1.6. Computational Models .......................................................................9 1.7. Computational Science Tools ............................................................12 1.8. Fields of Computational Science .......................................................15 1.9. Computational Methods ...................................................................28 Chapter 2 Scientific Visualization ............................................................................31 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................32 2.2. Scientific Computing ........................................................................32 2.3. History of Computers ........................................................................34 2.4. Computer Components .....................................................................35 2.5. The History of Scientific Visualization ...............................................38 2.6. Visualization Methods For The Two Dimensional Representations .....38 2.7. Applications Areas of Scientific Visualization ....................................38 2.8. Software Tools Used In Scientific Visualization ..................................42 2.9. Advantages of Scientific Visualization ...............................................44 2.10. Disadvantages of Scientific Visualization .........................................44 Chapter 3 Computational Chemistry .......................................................................47 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................48 3.2. Main Principles To Understand .........................................................52 3.3. Numerical Techniques Used In Computational Chemistry .................56 Chapter 4 Computational Electromagnetics .............................................................77 4.1. Introduction ......................................................................................78 4.2. Background ......................................................................................79 4.3. Outline Of The Methods ...................................................................80 4.4. Corroboration ...................................................................................87 4.5. Light Scattering Codes ......................................................................88 4.6. Computational Electromagnetic In Plasmonics ..................................88 4.7. Electromagnetic Field Solvers ...........................................................97 4.8. Shooting And Bouncing Rays ............................................................99 Chapter 5 Computational Fluid Dynamics .............................................................103 5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................104 5.2. Computational Fluid Dynamics As An Interdisciplinary Topic .........105 5.3. History of Computational Fluid Dynamics ......................................106 5.4. Software Used In Computational Fluid Dynamics ...........................107 5.5. Simulation ......................................................................................114 5.6. Numerical Methods Used In Computational Fluid Dynamics ..........116 5.7. Hierarchy of Equations Used In CDF ...............................................118 5.8. Applications of CDF .......................................................................121 5.9. Advantages of CDF .........................................................................122 5.10. Limitations of CDF ........................................................................122 Chapter 6 Computational Ocean Modeling ...........................................................123 6.1. Introduction ....................................................................................124 6.2. Computational Modeling Accelerating Discovery ...........................124 6.3. Examples Of Computational Ocean Modeling And Its Use In The Study Of Complex And Complicated Systems ....................125 6.4. Improving Medical Care And Biomedical Research Using Computational Ocean Modeling ..................................................127 6.5. Nibib-Funded Researches Developing In The Area Of Computational Modeling .............................................................128 6.6. Computational Modeler ..................................................................129 6.7. How Does Computational Ocean Models Give Their Response To Hurricanes ...............................................................134 viii

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