Computational models of visual processing

392 Pages·106.581 MB·English

by  edited by Michael S. Landy and J. Anthony Movshon.

ComputatioMnoadle losf VisPuraolc essing
editbeyMd i chaeLla nSda.yn d
JA.n thyo Movshon
n
ComputatioMnoadle losf V isuaPlr ocessing
A BradfBoorodk
TheM ITP ress
CambridgMea,s sachusetts
LondoEnn,g land
Secondp rinting,1 994
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Contents
Prefaciex
Part I TheT asko fV ision1
Contribuxtio rs
1 TheP lenopFtuincc tiaonnd t heE lements
ofE arlVyi sion3
EdwarHd.A delsanodn J amRe.sB ergen
Part D ReceptoarnsdSam pling 21
2 LeaminRge ceptPoors ition2s3
AlbeJrAh.tu madJar,.
3 A Modelo fA lisainign E xlrafovleH auman
Vision3 5
CarLl.Mo . T ianDaa,v iRd.W illiams,
NancJyC. o leatntdPa .,W illHiaaakme
4 Modelosf H umanR odR eceptoarnsdt he
ERG 57
DonaCl.dH ooadn Dda viGd.B irch
Part IIIM odelosf N euarlF undion 69
5 TheD esigonf C hromaticOaplployn ent
ReceptiFviee lds7 1
PetLeenrni e, P.W illHiaaamk aen,d
DaviRd.W illiams
6 SpatiaRle ceipvteF ielOdr ganizatiino n 14 ShadiAnmgb iguiRteyfl:e ctanancde
MonkeyV I andi tRse latisohnitpo t he Illuminati1o8n7
ConeM osaic 83 MichaDe'lZ mura
MichJa.He alw keannd A ndreJwP. a rker
15
Transpareanncdyt he Cooperative
7 NeurCaoln trastS ensitivi9t5y ComptuatioofSn c neeA ttribute2s0 9
AndreBw.W atson DaniKeelr sten
8 SpatiotempReorceapltv ei Fieladnsd PartVI Motioann dT exture2 29
DirectiSeolne ctvitiy 109
RobeSrhta pleyC,l aRyRe .i adn,d
RobretS oodak 16 Theoriefso rt heV isuaPler ceptiono fL ocal
VelociatnydC ohereMnott ion 231
NorbeMr.tG or zywaancdzA lanL Yuille
9 NonlineMaro delo fN euraRle sponsiens
CatV isuaClor tex 119
DaviJdH.e eger 17 ComputatiMoondaell inogfV isual
TexturSee gregatio2n53
JamesR .B ergaenndM ihcaelS .L andy
ParIVt DetectiaonndD iscriminat1i3o5n
18 CompleCxh anenlsE,ar lyL ocal
10 A Templaet MatchiMnogd elo f NonlinearaintdiN eosrm,a lizatiino n
SubthreshoSludm mation1 37 TextuSreeg regatino 273
JacoNba chmias NormaG raham
11 Noisien t he VisuaSly stme May Be 19 OrthogonalD istribuAntailoyns iAs :N ew
Early 147 Approach tot heS tudyo fT exture
DeniGs.P elli Perceptio2n9 1
CharlCehusb ban d MichaSe.Ll an dy
12 PaHerDni scriminatViiosnu,aF li ltearnsd,
SpatiSaalm pliInrgre gulariyt 153 PartV II3 D Shape 303
HughR .W ilson
20 Shapfreo m X:P sychophsya snidc
PartV Coloarn dS hading1 69 Computatio3n0 5
HeinrHi.Bc iihl thoff
13 A BilinMeoadre lo ft heI IIuminaEnffte'cst
onC oloArp pearance 171 21 ComputatoinalI sseusi nS olvgi tnheS tereo
DaviHd.B rainaandrB dr iAa.nW a ndlel CorrespondePnrocbele m 331
JohnP .F rsibya ndS tepehnB .P olarld
vi Contents
21 SterSeurfoa,c eansd, S hape3 59
AndrewJ P.a rkEelri,z abBe.t hJ ohnston,
JS.t ephMeann sfiealndd,Y uedYea ng
AuthIonrd ex 383
SubjeIcntd ex 391
vii Contents
Preface
Thet asokfu nderstavnidsiiniogsan f ormidaobnleea nd
hasc ommandtehde a ttentoifob ni ologpissytcsh,o lo­
giss,pt hysicainsdpt hsi,l osofpohmrea rnsyc enturTihees .
pastth redee cadheavse s een an extraordeixnparyl osion
ino ure mpirikncoawll edgoeft hep sychophyasnidc al
neurobiolboagsioicfsva ils ual funscott hiaoatnc ,c urate
and detaiilnefdo rmaitsin oonwa vailaabbloeum ta ny
stagoefst hpero cessb yw hiclihg hti nth e worldgi evs
risteot hsee nsatoifvo inssi Aosni .na lmla turfiienlgod sf
scientchege,r owtohfe mpirikcnaolw ledhgaesl etdo t he
developmoefnn etw t heoranide mso delIsnt. h ec asoef
visiotnh,es hapoef r ecetnhte oriheassb eens trongly
influenbcyet dh ec oncurrdeenvte lopmoeftn hted igital
computaenrdt hea ccompanycihnagl leonfgb eu ilding
machintehsas te eT.h usm anym odelosfv isufuanlc tion
arneo wb uinlotto nlays a bstrfaocrmta mlo delbsu,at l so
asc omputattihoenoarilie nss tantaisac toemdp utperro ­
gramtsh asti multahteeo peratoifot nh ep artosft he
systuenmd esrt udy.
Thea dveonftc omputatmioodnealolsf v isuparlo cess­
ingh asbr oughtt heoanryd e xperimteongte tihnm eanry
newa nde xcitwianygsT .h ivso lumiesi ntentdoep dr o­
vidae s napsh(octi r1c9a9 0of)c ontemporreasryrec ah
onm odelitnhgev isusayls teOmu.re mphasiisos n t he
"earlpryoc"e sses of visiotnr-antshleao tfir eotni nal
imagienst noe urraelp resentoaftt hievo inssu waolr ld­
rathtehra onn t hem orec ognitpirvoeb leomfps e rceiv­
inga ndi detnifyionbgj e,ca tlsthough compaupt­ational
proacahrebese ginntionm gak e theiinr fluefnectleht e re
als(oR icha1r9d9s0,T )h.ec ontributsipoannt sh er ange
fromn europhysitoopl soygcyh ophyansdi frcosm,r etinal
functitoont hea nalysoifsv isucuaels t om oti,oc nolro,
textuanrde ,de pt.h Aftearn introdcuhcatpotrbeyyr
EdwarAdd elsaonnd James Betrhgapetrn o viadn eesw
ande legafnotrm alizaotfti hoeenl emeonfte sa rvliys ion,
theb ooktr eastisax r ea(s1:r) e ceptaonrdssam plin(g;2 )
modelosfn eurfunaclt ion(;3d )e tectanido dni scrimina­
tio(n4;c )o lanodr s hadi(n5gm;)o tion andt extuanrde ;
(6t)hr ee-dimensshiaopnea.l
Thibso ogkr eowu tof a w orkshhoepla dtt hCeo ld
SpriHnargb oLra boraBtanobryu'rsCy e ntienJr nu e1,9 89.
Thew orkshiompm ediaptreelcye tdheeCd o lSdp ring
HarboLra borastuomrym ecro urisneC omputtiaonal
Neuroscainetdnh cpeea ,r ticwiepraaenb tltseom akeu se
oft hceo mpultaebro raatsosrye mbfloterhd ac to urIsne .
combinawtiittohhn ve e rys pecseitatli tnhgae,v ailabil­
iyt ofm achifnoehrsa ndsm-oodne ltirnangs formtehde
worksihnotapuno i queinltye ractive Weexh paevriee nce.
triteord e fletchptea rticchualraaroc ftt hewero rksihno p
thviosl ume.
Thew orksahnodpt hivsol umweo ulndo hta vbee en
possiwbilteht ohueetff orotfms a niyn diviAdtuC aollsd.
SprinHga rbwoero .w es pectihaalnt koSs u sHano ckfield,
tireolregsasn oifzt ehrse u mmecro urasnedsp romoter
and securoefrfun dingf otrh weo rkshTohpes. t aofff
thLea boraantdo orfty h Bea nbuCrye nt,ee srpecJiaanl ly
WitkowBsekiaT,o Uivanedr H,e rPba rsownesru,en fl­ai
inghleyl pafunldt oleroanfht a vitnhge biera utciofunl­
ferecnecnet leirt tweirtemhda chiannde sd rapweidt h
cablWeesa .l soow es pectihaalnt koEs l lHeinl drceot­h.
organoifzt heCero mputatNieounraols ccioeunrcfseoe r.
hehre lipns ecurainndsg e ttuipnt gh ceo mpultaebro ­
ratoaryn,dt oK arGle genfuratnndIe anrH orswtihlel .
studaesnsti sbtoanttfhso trh ew orkshaondp f otrh e
course.
Afttehrpe a rticdiipsapnettrshs reee daw lo rk began,
andw eo wes pectihaalnkt soF ioSntae vaetnT sh eM IT
Prefsosrt hceo ntisnuupepdao nrdte ncouragement that
helpkeedet ph pirso jienmc ott ion.
Thew orkswhaopss upporbtyte hdOe ffi ceo fN aval
ReseaFrucnhd.if notgrh ceo mpultaebro rawtaospr ryo ­
videbydt hAel frePd.S laonF oundatsiuopnp,l emented
byt hleo aonfe quipmbeytn htMe a ssachuIsnestttist ute
ofT echnology.
Reference
RicharWd.sS .. (1N990a)t.u Croamlp utaCtamiborni.d MgAe:.M IT
Press.
x Preface
Contributors
EdwaHr.dA delson
MediLaa botorrya,M assachuIsnetsttsio tfu te
TechnolCoagmyb,r idMgAe ,
AlbeJrA.th umaJdra.,
NASAA meRse seaCrecnht Meorff,e Ftite ClAd ,
JamRe.sB ergen
SRI/DaSavrniodffR eseaCrecnhte Prr,i ncNeJt on,
DaviGd.B irch
RetiFnoau ndaotfti hoeSno uthwDeasltl,Ta Xs ,
DaviHd.B rainard
DepartomfeP nsty cholUongiyv,e rosfCi altiyf ornia,
SantBaab raraC,A
HeinrHi.Bc iihl thoff
DepartomfeC notg niatnidLv ien guSicsiteincc es,
BrowUnn iverPsriotvyi,d ReIn ce,
CharClheusb b
DepartmoefPn sty cholRougtyg,eU rnsi versity,
NewB runswic,Nk J
NancJyC. o leHa
CollegoefO ptomeUtnryi,v erosfHi otuys ton,
HoustToXn ,
MicehlaD 'Zmura
Deptamrento fC ognitSicviee nces, Uonfi versity
Calif,oI rnrviianCAe ,
JohPn.F ribsy
UniverosfSi hteyffi eSlhde,ffi eElndg,l and
NormGa raham
DepartomfeP nsty cholCooglyu,mU bniiav ersity,
NewY orkN,Y
NorebrtMo.G rzwyacz
TheS mith-KetEtlyeeRw eeslela Irncsht itute,
SaFnr ancoc,Ci As
P.W illiHaama ke RobeSrhta pley
CentfeorVr i suSacli eUnnciev,e rosfRi otcyh ers,t e CentfeorNr e urSacli eNnecweY ,o rUkn iversity,
Roche,sN tYe r NewY orNkY,
MichaJHe.al w ken RobetSr oodak
CentfeorNr e urSacli eNnecweY ,o rUkn iversity, TheR ockerfU enlilveerNseiwYt oyr,kN .Y
NewY orNkY.
CarLl.oM .T iana
DaviJdH. e eger TheIn sittuftoeOr p tiUcnsi,v erosfRi otcyh ester,
NASAA meRse seaCrecnht Meorffe,t Fti eClAd , RochesNtYe r,
DonaCl.dH ood BriAa.nW andell
DepartomfeP nsty cholCooglyu,mU bniiav ersity, Departmento fP sycholSotgayn,fU onridv ersity,
NewY orNkY. StanfCoAr d,
ElizaBb.Jeo thshnt on AndreBw.W atson
UniverLsaibtoyr aotfPo hryys ioOlxofgoyr,d , EnglNaAnSdAA meRse seaCrecnht Meorff,e Ftite ClAd ,
DaniKeelr sten DaviRd.W illiams
DepartomfeP nsytc holUongiyv,e rosfiM tiyn nesota,C enetrf oVri suSacli eUnnciev,e rosfiR toyc hester,
MinneapMoNl is, RochesNtYe r,
MichaSe.Ll a ndy HugRh. W ilson
DepartomfeP nsytc holNoegwyY, o rUk niversity,V isuSacli enCceenstU enri,v erosfCi htiyc ago,
NewY orNkY, Chicoa,gIL
PetLeern nie YuedYean g
CentfeorVr i suSacli eUnnciev,e rosfRi otcyh ester, UniverLsaibtoyr aotfPo hryyosl oigyO,x forEdn,g land
RochesNtYe r,
AlaLn.Y uille
JS.t epMhaenn sfield DivisoifAo pnp liSecdi enHcaervsa,rU dn iversity,
University oLfPa hbyosriaotlOooxrygfy o,Er ndg,l and CambridMgAe ,
JAn.t honMyo vshon
CentfeorNr e urSacli eNnecweY ,o rUkn iversity,
NewY orNkY.
JacNoabc hmias
DepartomfeP nsty chology, oUfP neinvnesryslivtayn ia.
PhiladePAl phia,
AndreJwP.a rker
UniverLsaibtoyr aotfPo hryY SioOlxofgoyrE,dn .g land
DeniGs.P eUi
InstiftoSuret nes oRrye seaSrycrha,c Uunsiev ersity,
SyracNYu se,
StephBe.Pn o llard
AIV isiRoens eaUrncihUt n,i verosfSi hteyffi eld,
SheffieElndg,l and
R.d ayR eid
Cetnefro Nre urSacli eNnecweY ,o rUkn iversity,
NewY orNkY.
xii Contributors