Computational Models of the Auditory System PDF
Preview Computational Models of the Auditory System
Springer Handbook of Auditory Research Series Editors: Richard R. Fay and Arthur N. Popper For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/2506 Ray Meddis ● Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda Richard R. Fay ● Arthur N. Popper Editors Computational Models of the Auditory System Editors Ray Meddis Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda University of Essex Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León Colchester CO4 3SQ University of Salamanca UK 37007 Salamanca, Spain Series Preface The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The vol- umes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer- reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only begin- ning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature. Each volume in the series consists of a few substantial chapters on a particular topic. In some cases, the topics will be ones of traditional interest for which there is a substantial body of data and theory, such as auditory neuroanatomy (Vol. 1) and neu- rophysiology (Vol. 2). Other volumes in the series deal with topics that have begun to mature more recently, such as development, plasticity, and computational models of neural processing. In many cases, the series editors are joined by a co-editor having special expertise in the topic of the volume. Richard R. Fay, Chicago, IL Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD v Volume Preface Models have always been a special feature of hearing research. The particular mod- els described in this book are special because they seek to bridge the gap between physiology and psychophysics and ask how the psychology of hearing can be understood in terms of what we already know about the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system. However, although we now have a great deal of detailed infor- mation about the outer, middle, and inner ear as well as an abundance of new facts concerning individual components of the auditory brainstem and cortex, models of individual anatomically defined components cannot, in themselves, explain hear- ing. Instead, it is necessary to model the system as a whole if we are to understand how man and animals extract useful information from the auditory environment. A general theory of hearing that integrates all relevant physiological and psychophys- ical knowledge is not yet available but it is the goal to which all of the authors of this volume are contributing. The volume starts with the auditory periphery by Meddis and Lopez-Poveda (Chapter 2) which is fundamental to the whole modeling exercise. The next level in the auditory system is the cochlear nucleus. In Chapter 3, Voigt and Zheng attempt to simulate accurately the responses of individual cell types and show how the con- nectivity among the different cell types determines the auditory processing that occurs in each subdivision. Output from the cochlear nucleus has two main targets, the superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus. The superior olivary complex is considered first in Chapter 4 by Jennings and Colburn because its output also passes through the inferior colliculus, which is discussed in Chapter 6 by Davis, Hancock, and Delgutte, who draws explicit links between the modeling work and psychophysics. Much less is known about the thalamus and cortex, and Chapter 5 by Eggermont sets out what has been achieved so far in understanding these brain regions and what the possibilities are for the future. Four more chapters conclude this volume by looking at the potential of modeling to contribute to the solution of practical problems. Chapter 7 by Heinz addresses the issue of how hearing impairment can be understood in modeling terms. In Chapter 8, Brown considers hearing in connection with automatic speech recognition and reviews the problem from a biological perspective, including recent progress that has been made. In Chapter 9, Wilson, Lopez-Poveda, and Schatzer look more vii viii Volume Preface closely at cochlear implants and consider whether models can help to improve the coding strategies that are used. Finally, in Chapter 10, van Schaik, Hamilton, and Jin address these issues and show how models can be incorporated into very large scale integrated devices known more popularly as “silicon chips.” As is the case with volumes in the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, previous volumes have chapters relevant to the material in newer volumes. This is clearly the case in this volume. Most notably, the advances in the field can be easily seen when comparing the wealth of new and updated information since the publica- tion of Vol. 6, Auditory Computation. As pointed out in this Preface, and throughout this volume, the models discussed rest upon a thorough understanding of the anat- omy and physiology of the auditory periphery and the central nervous system. Auditory anatomy was the topic of first volume in the series (The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neuroanatomy) and physiology in the second (The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Physiology). These topics were brought up to date and inte- grated in the more recent Vol. 15 (Integrative Functions in the Mammalian Auditory Pathway). There are also chapters in several other volumes that are germane to the topic in this one, including chapters in Cochlear Implants (Vol. 20), The Cochlea (Vol. 8), and Vertebrate Hair Cells (Vol. 27). Ray Meddis, Colchester, UK Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, Salamanca, Spain Richard R. Fay, Chicago, IL Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD Contents 1 Overview .................................................................................................. 1 Ray Meddis and Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda 2 Auditory Periphery: From Pinna to Auditory Nerve........................... 7 Ray Meddis and Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda 3 The Cochlear Nucleus: The New Frontier ............................................ 39 Herbert F. Voigt and Xiaohan Zheng 4 Models of the Superior Olivary Complex ............................................. 65 T.R. Jennings and H.S. Colburn 5 The Auditory Cortex: The Final Frontier ............................................ 97 Jos J. Eggermont 6 Computational Models of Inferior Colliculus Neurons ....................... 129 Kevin A. Davis, Kenneth E. Hancock, and Bertrand Delgutte 7 Computational Modeling of Sensorineural Hearing Loss ................... 177 Michael G. Heinz 8 Physiological Models of Auditory Scene Analysis ................................ 203 Guy J. Brown 9 Use of Auditory Models in Developing Coding Strategies for Cochlear Implants ........................................................... 237 Blake S. Wilson, Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, and Reinhold Schatzer 10 Silicon Models of the Auditory Pathway ............................................... 261 André van Schaik, Tara Julia Hamilton, and Craig Jin Index ................................................................................................................. 277 ix Contributors Guy J. Brown Speech and Hearing Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK, xii Contributors Todd R. Jennings Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA,
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