Computational Models of Argument: Proceedings of COMMA 2006 PDF
Preview Computational Models of Argument: Proceedings of COMMA 2006
COMPUTATIONAL MODELS OF ARGUMENT Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications FAIA covers all aspects of theoretical and applied artificial intelligence research in the form of monographs, doctoral dissertations, textbooks, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including “Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases” and “Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems”. It also includes the biennial ECAI, the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, proceedings volumes, and other ECCAI – the European Coordinating Committee on Artificial Intelligence – sponsored publications. An editorial panel of internationally well-known scholars is appointed to provide a high quality selection. Series Editors: J. Breuker, R. Dieng-Kuntz, N. Guarino, J.N. Kok, J. Liu, R. López de Mántaras, R. Mizoguchi, M. Musen and N. Zhong Volume 144 Recently published in this series Vol. 143. P. Ghodous et al. (Eds.), Leading the Web in Concurrent Engineering – Next Generation Concurrent Engineering Vol. 142. L. Penserini et al. (Eds.), STAIRS 2006 – Proceedings of the Third Starting AI Researchers’ Symposium Vol. 141. G. Brewka et al. (Eds.), ECAI 2006 – 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence Vol. 140. E. Tyugu and T. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Software Engineering – Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Vol. 139. A. Bundy and S. Wilson (Eds.), Rob Milne: A Tribute to a Pioneering AI Scientist, Entrepreneur and Mountaineer Vol. 138. Y. Li et al. (Eds.), Advances in Intelligent IT – Active Media Technology 2006 Vol. 137. P. Hassanaly et al. (Eds.), Cooperative Systems Design – Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations – Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication Vol. 136. Y. Kiyoki et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XVII Vol. 135. H. Czap et al. (Eds.), Self-Organization and Autonomic Informatics (I) Vol. 134. M.-F. Moens and P. Spyns (Eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems – JURIX 2005: The Eighteenth Annual Conference Vol. 133. C.-K. Looi et al. (Eds.), Towards Sustainable and Scalable Educational Innovations Informed by the Learning Sciences – Sharing Good Practices of Research, Experimentation and Innovation ISSN 0922-6389 Computational Models of Argument Proceedings of COMMA 2006 Edited by Paul E. Dunne Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, UK and Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, UK Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC © 2006 The authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 1-58603-652-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930652 Publisher IOS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada Gazelle Books Services Ltd. IOS Press, Inc. White Cross Mills 4502 Rachael Manor Drive Hightown Fairfax, VA 22032 Lancaster LA1 4XS USA United Kingdom fax: +1 703 323 3668 fax: +44 1524 63232 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Computational Models of Argument v P.E. Dunne and T.J.M. Bench-Capon (Eds.) IOS Press, 2006 © 2006 The authors. All rights reserved. Preface The papers in this volume formed the programme of the 1st International Confer- enceonComputationalModelsofArgument(COMMA),whichwashostedbytheDept. ofComputerScienceofTheUniversityofLiverpoolfromSept.11th–12th,2006.This conferenceoriginatedfromtheASPICproject1 fromwhichsignificantsupporthasbeen received.Theorganisersarehappytotakethisopportunitytoacknowledgethecontribu- tionofASPICtowardsarrangingthisinauguralmeetingofCOMMA. Thefieldofargumentation,oncethepreserveoflinguisticandphilosophicalinves- tigation,isnowrightlyseenasprovidingacoreapproachofgreatsignificancetomany aspectsofArtificialIntelligence.AcentralchallengeforA.I.researchers,however,con- cernshowbesttodevelopthelongestablishedbodyofworkfrommorespeculativedis- ciplines,suchasphilosophicaltreatmentsofargumentandreasoning,intoeffectiveand practicalcomputationalparadigms:oneaimofCOMMA,wellreflectedinthepaperscon- tributingtothisvolume,hasbeentoengagewiththeissuesraisedbythischallenge.Thus thetopicsaddressedrangefromformalquestionsinvolvingpropertiesofalgorithmsand semantic models, through proposals for robust implementation of argumentation based systems,toreportsofapplicationsbuiltonargumentationtechnology. Itis,ofcourse,thecasethatthesuccessofanyconferencedependsnotonlyonthe qualityoftheresearchpresentedbutalsoonthecontributionsofmanyotherindividuals. TheorganisersaregratefultothemembersoftheProgrammeCommitteeandadditional reviewerswhosedetailedreportsandsubsequentdiscussionsconsiderablyeasedthedif- fulttaskofformingthefinalselectionofpapers.ItisalsoapleasuretothankKenChan, PhilJimmiesonandDaveShieldfortheirworkinprovidingtechnicalsupportthroughout theperiodfromtheinitialannouncementtotheconferenceitself,togetherwithThelma Williamswhokepttrackofassortedbudgetandfinancialmatters.Inadditiontheeditors appreciatetheeffortsofCarryKoolbergen,MaartenFröhlich,andPaulWeijofIOSPress in promptly and efficiently handling the many questions that arose during the prepara- tion of this volume. Finally, and by no means least, we thank Catherine Atherton who maintainedtheconferencewebpagesaswellasdealingwithgeneralqueries. June2006 PaulE.Dunne TrevorBench-Capon MichaelWooldridge 1EuropeanCommissionProject,IST-FP6-002307 vi Organisation OrganisingCommittee GeneralChair: MichaelWooldridge,Univ.ofLiverpool ConferenceChair: TrevorJ.M.Bench-Capon,Univ.ofLiverpool ProgrammeChair:PaulE.Dunne,Univ.ofLiverpool ProgrammeCommittee LeilaAmgoud,IRIT AnthonyHunter,UCL KevinAshley,Pittsburgh AntonisKakas,Cyprus KatieAtkinson,Liverpool JürgKohlas,Fribourg PietroBaroni,Brescia PaulKrause,Surrey TrevorBench-Capon,Liverpool RonaldLoui,WashingtonUniv.inSt.Louis IvanBratko,Ljubljana PeterMcBurney,Liverpool GerhardBrewka,Leipzig NicolasMaudet,Paris-Dauphine SimonBuckinghamShum,OpenUniv. SanjayModgil,CRUK MartinCaminada,Utrecht MartinMozina,Ljubljana ClaudetteCayrol,IRIT TimNorman,Aberdeen CarlosChesnevar,Lleida SimonParsons,CUNY UlisesCortes,Catalonia HenriPrade,IRIT FrankDignum,Utrecht HenryPrakken,Utrecht&Groningen YannisDimopoulos,Cyprus IyadRahwan,BritishUniv.inDubai SylvieDoutre,Toulouse ChrisReed,Dundee PhanMinhDung, KenSatoh,NII AsianInstituteofTechnology CarlesSierra,IIIA-CSIC JohnFox,CRUK GuillermoR.Simari,Univ.NacionaldelSur MassimilianoGiacomin,Brescia FrancescaToni,ImperialCollege TomGordon,FraunhoferFOKUS PaoloTorroni,Bologna FlorianaGrasso,Liverpool GerardVreeswijk,Utrecht DavidHitchcock,McMaster DougWalton,Winnipeg JohnHorty,Maryland AdditionalReviewers KatsumiNitta,TokyoInstituteofTechnology HajimeSawamura,Niigata JureZabkar,Ljubljana vii Contents Preface v Paul E. Dunne, Trevor Bench-Capon and Michael Wooldridge Organisation vi Argument in Agent Systems Towards Representing and Querying Arguments on the Semantic Web 3 Iyad Rahwan and P.V. Sakeer Building Agents that Plan and Argue in a Social Context 15 Dionysis Kalofonos, Nishan Karunatillake, Nicholas R. Jennings, Timothy J. Norman, Chris Reed and Simon Wells Argue tuProlog: A Lightweight Argumentation Engine for Agent Applications 27 Daniel Bryant, Paul J. Krause and Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk An Application of Formal Argumentation: Fusing Bayes Nets in MAS 33 Søren Holbech Nielsen and Simon Parsons Applications Value-Based Argumentation for Democratic Decision Support 47 Katie Atkinson Argument Based Machine Learning in a Medical Domain 59 Jure Žabkar, Martin Možina, Jerneja Videčnik and Ivan Bratko CBR and Argument Schemes for Collaborative Decision Making 71 Pancho Tolchinsky, Sanjay Modgil, Ulises Cortés and Miquel Sànchez-Marrè Computational Properties of Argument Complexity Properties of Restricted Abstract Argument Systems 85 Paul E. Dunne Computing Preferred Extensions for Argumentation Systems with Sets of Attacking Arguments 97 Søren Holbech Nielsen and Simon Parsons An Algorithm to Compute Minimally Grounded and Admissible Defence Sets in Argument Systems 109 Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk viii Semi-Stable Semantics 121 Martin Caminada Argumentation Frameworks and Schemes I Reasoning in Argumentation Frameworks Using Quantified Boolean Formulas 133 Uwe Egly and Stefan Woltran A Dialectic Procedure for Sceptical, Assumption-Based Argumentation 145 Phan Minh Dung, Paolo Mancarella and Francesca Toni Evaluation and Comparison Criteria for Extension-Based Argumentation Semantics 157 Pietro Baroni and Massimiliano Giacomin Argumentation Tools Translating Wigmore Diagrams 171 Glenn Rowe and Chris Reed First Steps Towards the Automatic Construction of Argument-Diagrams from Real Discussions 183 Daan Verbree, Rutger Rienks and Dirk Heylen The Carneades Argumentation Framework 195 Thomas F. Gordon and Douglas Walton Pierson vs. Post Revisited 208 Thomas F. Gordon and Douglas Walton Reasoning About Action Argumentation and Persuasion in the Cognitive Coherence Theory 223 Philippe Pasquier, Iyad Rahwan, Frank Dignum and Liz Sonenberg Knowing when to Bargain 235 Simon Wells and Chris Reed Justifying Actions by Accruing Arguments 247 Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon and Henry Prakken Argumentation Frameworks and Schemes II Handling Controversial Arguments in Bipolar Argumentation Systems 261 Claudette Cayrol, Caroline Devred and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex On Acceptability in Abstract Argumentation Frameworks with an Extended Defeat Relation 273 Diego C. Martínez, Alejandro J. García and Guillermo R. Simari ix Automating Argumentation for Deliberation in Cases of Conflict of Interest 279 Alison Chorley, Trevor Bench-Capon and Peter McBurney The Logic of Multiple-Valued Argumentation and Its Applications to Web Technology 291 Hajime Sawamura, Toshiko Wakaki and Katsumi Nitta Value Based Argumentation in Hierarchical Argumentation Frameworks 297 S. Modgil Dialogue and Decision Combining Sceptical Epistemic Reasoning with Credulous Practical Reasoning 311 Henry Prakken Multi-Agent Agreements About Actions Through Argumentation 323 Paolo Torroni Suspicion of Hidden Agenda in Persuasive Argument 329 Paul E. Dunne Author Index 341
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