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Computational Mechanics of Fluid-Structure Interaction: Computational Methods for Coupled Fluid-Structure Analysis PDF

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Rajeev Kumar Jaiman Vaibhav Joshi Computational Mechanics of Fluid-Structure Interaction Computational Methods for Coupled Fluid-Structure Analysis Computational Mechanics of Fluid-Structure Interaction · Rajeev Kumar Jaiman Vaibhav Joshi Computational Mechanics of Fluid-Structure Interaction Computational Methods for Coupled Fluid-Structure Analysis RajeevKumarJaiman VaibhavJoshi DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering TheUniversityofBritishColumbia BirlaInstituteofTechnologyandScience Vancouver,BC,Canada KKBirlaGoaCampus,Goa,India ISBN978-981-16-5354-4 ISBN978-981-16-5355-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5355-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface I Interactions between fluid flows and flexible structures are omnipresent in nature andhavenumerousapplicationsinengineeringsuchaswindturbines,aircraftwing oscillations and flutter, solid rocket motor, offshore risers and platforms, subsea pipelinestoflyingbio-inspireddronesandunmannedairvehicles,andflexibleenergy harvesting and sensing devices. The key focus has been to understand significant aspectsofflow-induceddeformationandfluid-elasticinstabilities.Thecomplexity ofthefluid-elasticphenomena furtherincreases withother physicaleffectsrelated to two-phase flows, turbulence, and flexible multibody effects. The book aims to present general coupling formulations and algorithms to capture the interactions betweenthesephysicalfieldsinmostaccurateandstablemanner.Inthisbook,fluid- structure interaction is intended to understand coupled physical phenomena that can be modeled in terms of continuum mechanics described by partial differential equations(PDEs).Aparticularemphasishasbeenplacedontheinterfacetreatment offluid-structureinteraction. This book presents abroad overview of variational formulations and numerical methodsforstudentsandprofessionalsincomputationallyorienteddisciplineswho needtosolvefluid-structureinteractionproblems.Itdiffersfromtraditionalnumer- icalanalysistextsinthatitfocusesonthemotivationandideasbehindthenumerical methodspresentedratherthanondetailedanalysesofthem.Weattempttoconvey a general understanding of the techniques available for solving problems in each majorcategory,includingproperproblemformulationandinterpretationofnumer- icalresults.Toaccommodatethediversereaders,theprerequisitesforthebookare fluidandsolidmechanics,numericalanalysis,andfiniteelementmethods.Thebook adopts a fairly sophisticated perspective, so a reasonable level of maturity on the partofthereaderisadvisable.Beyondtheacademicsetting,wehopethatthebook willalsobeusefulasareferenceforengineersandscientistswhomayneedaquick overviewofnumericalstrategiesforfluid-structureinteraction.Whilefluid-structure v vi PrefaceI interaction is still an active area of research, it will not be possible to provide a completesurveyofnumericalmethodsandformulations. Vancouver,Canada RajeevKumarJaiman Goa,India VaibhavJoshi Preface II Theimportanceoffluid-structureinteraction(FSI)andcoupledmechanicalanalysis hasbeenwellacknowledgedinscienceandengineering.Predictingthebehaviorof nonlinearfluid-structureinteractionhastremendousimportanceforbothindustrial and natural processes. Owing to the growth of computers and advanced methods, full-scaleFSImodelinghasbeguntoberealized.Thisbookisintendedtoprovide a compilation of current state-of-the-start numerical methods for nonlinear fluid- structureinteraction.Thebookaimsatthecontinuumtheoryandvariationalformu- lationsforthefluid-structureinteraction.Aparticularemphasiswillbeplacedonthe treatmentoffluid-structureandfluid-fluidinterfacesinsimulatinglarge-scalemulti- fieldandmultidomainproblems.Single-andtwo-phaseviscousincompressiblefluid flowswillbeconsideredwiththeincreasingcomplexityofstructuresrangingfrom rigidbody,andlinearelasticandnonlinearlargedeformationtofullycoupledflex- iblemultibodysystemanalysis.Inparticular,suchcoupledfluid-structureeffectsare omnipresentinoceanandwindenvironments,whichcanhaveasignificantimpacton thedynamicalperformanceofengineeredaswellasnaturalsystems.Understanding theimpactofflow-inducedloadsonstructuraldeformationandvibrationscanleadto saferandcost-effectivestructures,especiallyforlightandhighaspectratiostructures withincreasedflexibility. As one of the new aspects, this book covers the effect of two-phase flow in fluid-structureinteractionforlarge-scalemodeling ofpracticalapplications. There isaresurgenceofmultiphaseflowFSIinnumerousengineeringapplications,e.g., marine/offshore, biomedical, bio-locomotion, microfluidics, aerospace, and wind engineering. The interaction of multiphase flows with flexible structures poses numerouschallenges.Thisbookprovidesacomprehensivevariationalformulation to couple the two-phase fluid flow with flexible structures. The variational fluid- structure formulation includes the modeling of turbulence via dynamic large eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid RANS/LES modeling. The detailed implementation detailsandalgorithmicstepswillbeuniqueforbroadaudienceswhowanttoextend theirexistingfiniteelementmethodcodesformultiphaseandfluid-structureinterac- tion.Asimpleandstableapproachtostabilizethephase-fieldAllen–Cahnequation willbecoveredinthisbookbasedonourrecentdevelopment.Theproposedvaria- tionaltechniqueswillbeexploredonawiderangeofphysicalscales,non-matching vii viii PrefaceII spatialandtemporaldiscretizations,thecomplexityassociatedwithstructure-to-fluid massratios(i.e.,addedmasseffects),Reynoldsnumber,largestructuraldeformation, freesurface,andotherinteractingphysicalfields. The present book will cover a broad range of numerical techniques with their respectivestrengthsandweaknesses.Toourknowledge,thereexistsnobookwhich covers the body-fitted FSI technique and goes in depth into the fundamental of FSIcouplingfortheindustrystandardpartitioned-basedmethodologies.Thepresent bookwillcoverpartitionedandmonolithicmethodologiesforarangeofapplications tosingle-andtwo-phaseflows.Detailedinformationwillbegivenonthetreatment ofnon-matchingmeshesforpartitionedvariationalanalysis.Abroadrangeofparti- tionediterativetechniquesandtheiradvantagesandlimitationsforarangeofphysical and geometric parameters will be provided. Finally, the present book includes the detailedformulationforflexiblemultibodystructuralinteractionwiththeturbulent fluidflowsusingunstructuredgridsandaparallelcomputingenvironment. Vancouver,Canada RajeevKumarJaiman Goa,India VaibhavJoshi Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the support and contributions by several individuals,organizations,andfundingagencies.Thecontentsofchaptersarebased onseveralPh.D.dissertationsandjournalpapersproducedunderthesupervisionof thefirstauthor.Tobegin,wewouldliketoacknowledgethekindsupportfromour hostorganizations,namelytheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC),theNational UniversityofSingapore(NUS),andtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign. Wewouldliketothankmanycurrentandformerstudentsandcolleaguesinvolved inourlaboratoryresearchactivities.Especially,wewouldliketoexpressourappre- ciation to those individuals whose works have been used directly in this book: Pardha S. Gurugubelli, Guojun Li, Tharindu P. Miyanawala, Yulong Li, Yun Zhi Law and among others at the Computational Multiphysics Lab at UBC and the Fluid-StructureInteractionGroup(FSIG)atNUS. ix Contents 1 Introduction:AComputationalApproach ....................... 1 1.1 SomeMotivatingApplicationsandChallenges ............... 2 1.1.1 MarineandOffshoreEngineering ................... 2 1.1.2 EnergyHarvestingviaFlow-InducedVibration ........ 3 1.1.3 Bio-InspiredDronesandUnmannedAirVehicles ...... 4 1.1.4 Flow-InducedVibrationandControl ................. 6 1.2 Continuum Mechanics Aspects of Fluid-Structure Interaction .............................................. 7 1.2.1 InterfaceConditions ............................... 7 1.2.2 CoordinateFramesandMotionofContinuum Domains ........................................ 8 1.2.3 SolutionofCoupledPartialDifferentialEquations ..... 9 1.3 BookOrganization ....................................... 9 2 Equilibrium,KinematicsandBalanceLaws ..................... 11 2.1 MechanicalForcesandEquilibrium ......................... 12 2.1.1 BodyForces ..................................... 13 2.1.2 SurfaceForces ................................... 13 2.1.3 Equilibrium ...................................... 15 2.2 Kinematics .............................................. 17 2.2.1 ConfigurationsandDeformations ................... 17 2.2.2 DeformationMap ................................. 17 2.3 MotionKinematics ....................................... 19 2.3.1 SpatialorCoordinateDerivatives ................... 20 2.3.2 TimeDerivatives ................................. 21 2.3.3 VelocityandAccelerationFields .................... 21 2.4 RateofStrain ............................................ 22 2.5 RigidBodyMotions ...................................... 23 2.5.1 GeometricDescriptionofRotation .................. 24 2.5.2 ParameterizationofRotationMatrix ................. 25 2.6 ChangeofVariables ...................................... 26 2.6.1 TransformationofVolumeIntegrals ................. 27 xi

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