Computational finite element methods in nanotechnology

630 Pages·2012·68.929 MB·English

by  Sarhan M Musa

Electrical Engineering Musa
Computational Finite
Computational Finite
Element Methods in
Element Methods in
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
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Computational Finite Element Methods in Nanotechnology demonstrates the a
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capabilities of finite element methods in nanotechnology for a range of fields. Bring- t
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ing together contributions from researchers around the world, it covers key concepts n o
as well as cutting-edge research and applications to inspire new developments and n
future interdisciplinary research. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of finite o a
element methods (FEMs) for computational tools in the development of efficient l

nanoscale systems. t F
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e n
The book explores a variety of topics, including i
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• A novel FE-based thermo-electrical-mechanical-coupled model to study me-
h
chanical stress, temperature, and electric fields in nano- and microelectronics E
l
• The integration of distributed element, lumped element, and system-level n e
methods for the design, modeling, and simulation of nano- and microelectro m
mechanical systems (N/MEMS) o
e
• Challenges in the simulation of nanorobotic systems and macrodimensions
n
l
• The simulation of structures and processes such as dislocations, growth of
t
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epitaxial films, and precipitation
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• Modeling of self-positioning nanostructures, nanocomposites, and carbon
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nanotubes and their composites e
• Progress in using FEM to analyze the electric field formed in needleless y t
h
electrospinning
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• How molecular dynamic (MD) simulations can be integrated into the FEM
d
• Applications of finite element analysis in nanomaterials and systems used
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in medicine, dentistry, biotechnology, and other areas
i
n
A one-stop reference for professionals, researchers, and students, this is also
an accessible introduction to computational FEMs in nanotechnology for those
new to the field.
Edited by
Sarhan M. Musa
K14178
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Computational Finite
Element Methods in
Nanotechnology

Computational Finite
Element Methods in
Nanotechnology
Edited by
Sarhan M. Musa
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
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Dedicated to my father Mahmoud, my mother Fatmeh, and my wife Lama.

Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................xv
Editor............................................................................................................................................xvii
Contributors..................................................................................................................................xix
1. Overview of Computational Methods in Nanotechnology............................................1
Orion Ciftja and Sarhan M. Musa
2. Finite Element Method for Nanotechnology Applications
in Nano-/Microelectronics...................................................................................................19
Jing Zhang
3. Modeling, Design, and Simulation of N/MEMS by Integrating
Finite Element, Lumped Element, and System Level Analyses...................................41
Jason Vaughn Clark, Prabhakar Marepalli, and Richa Bansal
4. Nanorobotic Applications of the Finite Element Method.............................................85
S. Sadeghzadeh, M.H. Korayem, V. Rahneshin, A. Homayooni, and M. Moradi
5. Simulations of Dislocations and Coherent Nanostructures.......................................149
Anandh Subramaniam and Arun Kumar
6. Continuum and Atomic-Scale Finite Element Modeling of Multilayer
Self-Positioning Nanostructures......................................................................................185
Y. Nishidate and G.P. Nikishkov
7. Application of Finite Element Method for the Design of Nanocomposites............241
Ufana Riaz and S.M. Ashraf
8. Finite Element Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites.................291
Mahmoud Nadim Nahas
9. Finite Element–Aided Electric Field Analysis of Needleless Electrospinning......311
Haitao Niu, Xungai Wang, and Tong Lin
10. Molecular Dynamic Finite Element Method (MDFEM).............................................331
Lutz Nasdala, Andreas Kempe, and Raimund Rolfes
11. Application of Biomaterials and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in
Nanomedicine and Nanodentistry...................................................................................373
Andy H. Choi, Jukka P. Matinlinna, Richard C. Conway, and Besim Ben-Nissan
vii
viii Contents
12. Application of Finite Element Analysis for Nanobiomedical Study........................401
Viroj Wiwanitkit
13. Finite Element Method for Micro- and Nano-Systems for Biotechnology..............423
Jean Berthier
14. Design of the Nanoinjection Detectors Using Finite Element Modeling................477
Omer G. Memis and Hooman Mohseni
15. Finite Element Method (FEM) for Nanotechnology Application
in Engineering: Integrated Use of Macro-, Micro-, and Nano-Systems...................505
Radostina Petrova, P. Genova, and M. Tzoneva
16. Modeling at the Nano Level: Application to Physical Processes...............................559
Serge Lefeuvre and Olga Gomonova
Appendix A: Material and Physical Constants....................................................................585
Appendix B: Symbols and Formulas......................................................................................589
Preface
Computational.methods.of.nanotechnology.continue.to.contribute.to.the.progress.of.inno-
vations.in.areas.ranging.from.electronics,.microcomputing,.and.biotechnology.to.medi-
cine,.consumer.supplies,.aerospace,.environment,.and.energy.production.
Nowadays,.finite.element.methods.(FEMs).are.widely.used.in.computational.nanotech-
nology.and.nanoscience..Computational Finite Element Methods in Nanotechnology.can.be.
used.for.new.developments.and.future.interdisciplinary.research.by.engineers,.scientists,.
biologists,.and.information.business.managers..It.also.provides.an.introduction.to.key.
concepts.in.a.manner.that.is.easily.digestible.to.a.beginner.in.the.field..This.book.may.
also.serve.as.a.single.source.of.reference.to.the.veteran.in.the.field..It.is.intended.for.a.
broad.audience.working.in.the.fields.of.physics,.chemistry,.biology,.medicine,.material.
science,.quantum.science,.electrical.and.electronic.engineering,.medicine,.optical.sci-
ence,.computer.science,.mechanical.engineering,.chemical.engineering,.and.aerospace.
engineering..The.book.has.been.written.for.professionals,.researchers,.and.students.who.
would.like.to.discover.the.challenges.and.opportunities.concerning.the.development.of.
the.next.generation.of.nanoscale.computational.nanotechnology.using.FEMs..In.addition,.
it.emphasizes.the.importance.of.FEMs.for.computational.tools.in.the.development.of.effi-
cient.nanoscale.systems.
This.book.has.16.chapters.and.2.appendices..Indeed,.the.book.also.contains.vast.recent.
applications.of.microscale.and.nanoscale.modeling.systems.with.FEMs.using.Comsol.
Multiphysics.and.MATLAB®.
Chapter.1.presents.an.overview.to.computational.methods.in.nanotechnology..It.describes.
the.latest.developments.in.nanotechnology,.which.offer.the.possibility.for.revolutionary.
advances.in.fundamental.sciences.and.engineering..It.also.focuses.on.nanoscale.structures.
relevant.to.nanotechnology,.modeling.methods,.and.FEMs.for.nanoscale.circuits.
Chapter.2.presents.a.novel.finite.element.(FE)-based,.thermo-electrical-mechanical-.
coupled.model.to.study.mechanical.stress,.temperature,.and.electric.fields.in.nano/micro-
electronics..First,.the.governing.equations.of.electricity,.heat.transfer,.mechanical.behavior,.
and.piezoelectricity.are.provided..A.rigorous.framework.of.coupling.these.phenomena.
is.then.derived..Two.case.studies.are.presented.that.illustrate.the.application.of.the.FE.
model.in.nano/microelectronics..The.first.case.study.describes.thermal.stress.modeling.in.
wafer-level.three-dimensional.(3D).integration..The.second.case.study.presents.modeling.
of.material.degradation.in.heterostructure.field-effect.transistors.
Chapter.3.presents.an.integration.of.distributed.element,.lumped.element,.and.system.
level.methods.for.the.design,.modeling,.and.simulation.of.nano/microelectro.mechani-
cal.systems.(N/MEMS)..The.authors.show.that.the.benefits.of.lumped.elements.are.com-
putational.efficiency.and.ease.of.parameterization;.however,.such.lumped.models.must.
preexist..For.models.that.do.not.preexist,.or.if.the.analysis.of.single.component.is.nec-
essary,.distributed.element.methods.are.often.beneficial..However,.distributed.elements.
are.computationally.expensive,.especially.for.devices.with.a.multitude.of.multiphysical.
components..Often,.reduced.order.methods.are.used.to.minimize.the.degrees.of.freedom.
for.a.more.efficient.model.at.the.expense.of.trading.off.some.accuracy..The.integration.of.
both.distributed.and.lumped.element.methods.can.be.useful.for.modeling.micro-.and.
nanosystems..Although.the.authors.conclude.that.not.every.N/MEMS.can.be.represented.
using.the.methods.discussed.here,.a.large.number.of.devices.can.be.efficiently.explored.
ix